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compositional modeling of Two-Phase (Gas/Water) Flow in Pipes

SPE JOURNAL 2009年第4期14卷 811-819页

作者： Zaghloul, Jose Adewumi, M. A. Ityokumbul, M. T. Penn State Univ Dept Energy & Mineral Engn University Pk PA 16802 USA

The current work presents a fully compositional tool for modeling systems exhibiting two-phase (gas/water) flow. The tool couples complex hydrodynamic and thermodynamic models to describe the behavior of fluids flowing in a pipe. The model described herein focuses on gas transmission with low-liquid loading conditions (h(l)/d < 0.3). Results show the model is capable of predicting the hydrodynamic behavior as well as the compositional profiles of gas and water flowing in a pipe. This is important in the light of compositional dependence of hydrate or acid formation. compositional changes in the aqueous phase may create the conditions for forming hydrates or acids. The model was benchmarked using several published works, details of which can be found in the work of Zaghloul (2006). In this paper, model performance is illustrated using a case Study. The case study compares model calculations with an experimental data set obtained from Eaton et al. (1967). Model calculations predicted the observed flow pattern, pressure and liquid holdup profiles reported in the case study. Calculated pressures are within 2% of experimental values, while liquid holdup (approx 4%) is in agreement with the value predicted by Eaton's correlation (Eaton et al. 1967). The model is capable of predicting the initial water condensation point in the pipeline and the concentration of different substances in the aqueous mixture. The tool gives production engineers important information on how much hydrate/corrosion inhibitors to inject and where, thus saving in the design, operation, and maintenance of pipeline systems.

关键词： gas/water flow compositional modeling pipe flow hydrodynamics multiphase flow pipelines

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compositional modeling of enhanced hydrocarbons recovery for fractured shale gas-condensate reservoirs with the effects of capillary pressure and multicomponent mechanisms

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JOURNAL OF NATURAL GAS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2016年第0期34卷 1262-1275页

作者： Jiang, Jiamin Younis, Rami M. Univ Tulsa McDougall Sch Petr Engn Tulsa OK 74104 USA

There is considerable and timely interest in oil and condensate production from liquid-rich regions in shale gas reservoirs, placing emphasis on the ability to predict the behavior of gas condensate bank developments and saturation dynamics. As the pressure in the near-wellbore region drops below the dew-point, liquid droplets are formed and tend to be trapped in small pores. It has been suggested that injection of CO2 into shale gas reservoirs can be a feasible option to enhance recovery of natural gas and valuable condensate oil, while at the same time sequestering CO2 underground. This work develops simulation capabilities to understand and predict complex transport processes and phase behavior in these reservoirs for efficient and environmentally friendly production management. Although liquid-rich shale plays are economically producible, existing simulation techniques fail to include many of the production phenomena associated with the fluid system that consists of multiple gas species or phases. In this work, we develop a multicomponent compositional simulator for the modeling of gas-condensate shale reservoirs with complex fractured system. Related storage and transport mechanisms such as multicomponent apparent permeability (MAP), sorption and molecular diffusion are considered, In order to accurately capture the complicated phase behavior of the multiphase fluids, an Equation of State (EOS) based phase package is incorporated into the simulator. Because of the large capillary pressure that exists in the nanopores of ultra-tight shale matrix, the phase package considers the effect of capillary pressure on vapor-liquid equilibrium calculations. A modified negative-flash algorithm that combines Newton's method and successive substitution iteration (SSI) is used for phase stability analysis. We employ the developed simulator to study the combined effects of capillary pressure and multi component mechanisms on the phase behavior and hydrocarbon recovery in gas-c

关键词： Numerical simulation Multicomponent mechanisms compositional modeling Gas-condensate shale reservoirs CO2 huff-n-puff Discrete fracture-matrix model

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Innovative Alternative to Full-Field compositional modeling-Case Study of the North Kuwait Jurassic Complex

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SPE RESERVOIR EVALUATION & ENGINEERING 2011年第3期14卷 332-344页

作者： Ghorayeb, Kassem Aziz, Rafi Mohammad Limsukhon, Manoch Al-Anzi, Ealian Schlumberger N Kuwait Jurass Project Abu Dhabi U Arab Emirates Kuwait Oil Co Kuwait Kuwait

The North Kuwait Jurassic complex (NKJC) consists of six fields with four potential reservoirs in a naturally fractured Jurassic carbonate formation. Current understanding of the complex has led to 12 subdivisions of the area and potentially 48 separate compartments (segments) in the complex. These subdivisions are defined by fault boundaries supported by a combination of variations in fluid composition, initial pressures, and free-water levels estimated from capillary pressure and log saturation data. Multiscenario production forecasts based on integrated full-field modeling were needed in the process of building a field-development plan (FDP) for the NKJC. An integrated asset modeling (IAM) framework is adopted in which multiple separate reservoir models are coupled through global constraints to meet gas-delivery targets. We present the results of a feasibility study to select the optimal modeling strategy for the complex. We discuss available options to simulate multiple reservoirs, which, although isolated based on the current understanding of compartmentalization, need to meet global production targets. We show that using multiple-reservoirs integration through a controller to couple the separate reservoir models through global production targets/limits provides an optimal simulation framework for the NKJC-the flexibility and computational efficiency of multiple segment models and the comprehensiveness of full-field simulation modeling. The solution uses a black-oil delumping technique to obtain compositional wellstreams while running black-oil simulation models. The feasibility study demonstrated that black-oil delumping enables the composition and component molar rates of a producing well from a black-oil reservoir simulation to be reconstituted accurately. Comparison of results obtained from a compositional model to those obtained from a black-oil model using black-oil delumping shows excellent agreement. The adopted simulation framework provided us with all

关键词： Reservoir Simulation Multiple Reservoirs Coupling compositional modeling Black Oil modeling Black Oil Delumping

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Experimental measurement and compositional modeling of crude oil viscosity at reservoir conditions

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JOURNAL OF THE TAIWAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS 2020年 109卷 35-50页

作者： Talebkeikhah, Mohsen Amar, Menad Nait Naseri, Ali Humand, Mohammad Hemmati-Sarapardeh, Abdolhossein Dabir, Bahram Ben Seghier, Mohamed El Amine Amirkabir Univ Technol Dept Petr Engn Tehran Iran Sonatrach Div Laboratoires Dept Etud Thermodynam Ave 1er Novembre Boumerdes 35000 Algeria RIPI PVT CORE Res Grp Tehran Iran Shahid Bahonar Univ Kerman Dept Petr Engn Kerman Iran Jilin Univ Coll Construct Engn Changchun Peoples R China Amirkabir Univ Technol Dept Chem Engn Tehran Iran Ton Duc Thang Univ Inst Computat Sci Div Computat Math & Engn Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam Ton Duc Thang Univ Fac Civil Engn Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam

In the present study, experimental and modeling investigations were performed and combined to implement trustworthy paradigms to predict the viscosity value under different circumstances and a wide variety of conditions. The experimental approach was conducted on a considerable number of Iranian crude samples using a Rolling Ball viscometer. Accordingly, more than 1000 experimental points were gained. These latter were utilized as a databank in the modeling approach which included many advanced soft computing techniques, namely radial basis function (RBF) neural network, multilayer perceptron (MLP), support vector regression (SVR), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), decision trees (DTs) and random forest (RF). When performing the modeling tasks using these techniques, two distinct cases were considered: the first includes all available parameters as inputs such as pressure, temperature, API degrees, Mw of C12+ and the mole fractions till C11;whereas in the second case, a grouping scheme was considered to reduce the number of fractions. The obtained results revealed that DTs for the first case is the best implemented model with an overall average absolute relative deviation (AARD) of 3.379%. In addition, the comparison results with the preexisting approaches showed the superiority of the newly proposed model. (C) 2020 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Crude oil viscosity compositional modeling Soft computing techniques Reservoir fluid DTS Prediction

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Higher-order compositional modeling with Fickian diffusion in unstructured and anisotropic media

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ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES 2010年第9期33卷 951-968页

作者： Moortgat, Joachim Firoozabadi, Abbas Reservoir Engn Res Inst Palo Alto CA 94306 USA Yale Univ New Haven CT USA

We present advances in compositional modeling of two-phase multi-component flow through highly complex porous media. Higher-order methods are used to approximate both mass transport and the velocity and pressure fields. We employ the Mixed Hybrid Finite Element (MHFE) method to simultaneously solve, to the same order, the pressure equation and Darcy's law for the velocity. The species balance equation is approximated by the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) approach, combined with a slope limiter. In this work we present an improved DG scheme where phase splitting is analyzed at all element vertices in the two-phase regions, rather than only as element averages. This approximation is higher-order than the commonly employed finite volume method and earlier DG approximations. The method reduces numerical dispersion, allowing for an accurate capture of shock fronts and lower dependence on mesh quality and orientation. Further new features are the extension to unstructured grids and support for arbitrary permeability tensors (allowing for both scalar heterogeneity, and shear anisotropy). The most important advancement in this work is the self-consistent modeling of two-phase multi-component Fickian diffusion. We present several numerical examples to illustrate the powerful features of our combined MHFE-dg method with respect to lower-order calculations, ranging from simple two component fluids to more challenging real problems regarding CO2 injection into a vertical domain saturated with a multicomponent petroleum fluid. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mixed hybrid finite element Discontinuous Galerkin compositional modeling Porous media Heterogeneous media Slope limiter Fickian diffusion Unstructured grids

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Intelligent Authoring of 'Graph of Microworlds' for Adaptive Learning with Microworlds based on compositional modeling

Intelligent Authoring of 'Graph of Microworlds' for Adaptive...

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14th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2009)

作者： Horiguchi, Tomoya Hirashima, Tsukasa Kobe Univ Grad Sch Maritime Sci Kobe Hyogo Japan Hiroshima Univ Dept Informat Engn Hiroshima 730 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781607500285

In science education, in order to facilitate a student's conceptual understanding, it is important to sequence a set of microworlds (which means a system and its model limited from educational viewpoint) of various complexity adaptively to the context of learning. We previously proposed Graph of Microworlds (GMW), a framework for indexing a set of microworlds based on their models. With GMW, it is possible to adaptively select the microworld a student should learn next, and to assist him/her in transferring between microworlds. However, it isn't easy to describe GMW because, for model-based indexing, an author must have the expertise in the process of modeling. In this paper, we propose a method for semi-automating the description of GMW by introducing an automatic modeling mechanism: compositional modeling. Our method assists an author in generating a set of indexed microworlds and also in considering educational meanings of the relations between them. We present flow to design such a function and also illustrate how it works. A preliminary test with a prototype system showed the effectiveness of our method.

关键词： Graph of Microworlds Model-based Indexing Authoring compositional modeling

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compositional modeling of three-phase flow with gravity using higher-order finite element methods

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WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH 2011年第5期47卷

作者： Moortgat, Joachim Sun, Shuyu Firoozabadi, Abbas Reservoir Engn Res Inst Palo Alto CA 94301 USA King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol Thuwal 239556900 Saudi Arabia Yale Univ Dept Chem & Environm Engn New Haven CT USA

A wide range of applications in subsurface flow involve water, a nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) or oil, and a gas phase, such as air or CO2. The numerical simulation of such processes is computationally challenging and requires accurate compositional modeling of three-phase flow in porous media. In this work, we simulate for the first time three-phase compositional flow using higher-order finite element methods. Gravity poses complications in modeling multiphase processes because it drives countercurrent flow among phases. To resolve this issue, we propose a new method for the upwinding of three-phase mobilities. Numerical examples, related to enhanced oil recovery and carbon sequestration, are presented to illustrate the capabilities of the proposed algorithm. We pay special attention to challenges associated with gravitational instabilities and take into account compressibility and various phase behavior effects, including swelling, viscosity changes, and vaporization. We find that the proposed higher-order method can capture sharp solution discontinuities, yielding accurate predictions of phase boundaries arising in computational three-phase flow. This work sets the stage for a broad extension of the higher-order methods for numerical simulation of three-phase flow for complex geometries and processes.

关键词： compositional modeling three-phase flow higher-order methods

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compositional modeling of multicomponent gas injection into saline aquifers with the MUFITS simulator

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JOURNAL OF NATURAL GAS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021年 94卷 103988-103988页

作者： Afanasyev, Andrey Vedeneeva, Elena Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ Inst Mech Moscow 119192 Russia

Reservoir simulations of the co-injection of natural gas, carbon dioxide, and other non-condensable gases into saline aquifers are in demand in many areas of subsurface utilization, ranging from excess energy and greenhouse gas storage to the substitution of cushion gas with CO2. We aim at extending our reservoir simulator MUFITS for modeling flows in porous media related to these applications. For the accurate prediction of phase equilibria in aqueous systems, we implement a modified method of Soreide and Whitson in the compositional module of the software. The modified equation of state (EoS) involves the most recent literature data on the binary interaction coefficients and several new correlations for volume shifts to improve the accuracy of the EoS for predicting the partial volume of dissolved gases. All the aggregated and developed correlations are built into the simulator to facilitate its usage by the scientific community. The extended software is validated against a benchmark study of pure CO2 injection into a saline aquifer. Furthermore, two more complicated studies concerning the co-injection of several gases are conducted to demonstrate the potential application areas of MUFITS. First, we simulate the injection of impure carbon dioxide into an aquifer and briefly discuss the influence of N2 impurity on the propagation of the gas plume. We show that the plume is significantly wider in the case of impure CO2 injection. Second, we simulate the injection of supercritical CO2 into a synthetic natural gas storage reservoir to substitute cushion gas. We show that the mechanical dispersion can cause a rapid CO2 spread into the wells used for natural gas production.

关键词： Reservoir simulation compositional modeling Aqueous solutions Underground gas storage Flue gas injection Cushion gas

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Presidents and nonprofits: Illustrating compositional modeling of the US nonprofit sector

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SOCIAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY 2024年第4期105卷 1014-1028页

作者： Zuhlke, Samantha Univ Iowa Sch Planning & Publ Affairs Iowa City IA 52240 USA

ObjectivesNonprofits sit at the intersection of policy and politics. compositional modeling presents an opportunity for nonprofit scholars to investigate trade-offs within the nonprofit *** U.S. nonprofit and political data from 1993 to 2013, I employ a dynamic pie modeling strategy to illustrate how federal politics affect the composition of the nonprofit ***.S. federal politics, measured as changes in presidential partisanship, correlate with trade-offs in the composition of the nonprofit sector. Democratic presidents are associated with increases in new Human Services (HU), Environment and Animals (EN), and International/Foreign Affairs (IN) nonprofits and decreases in new Arts/Culture/Humanities (AR), Education (ED), Health (HE), Religion Related (RE), and Unknown/Unclassified (UN) nonprofit ***, politics may play a greater role in the nonprofit sector than scholars currently give credence to. Empirically, compositional modeling strategies provide avenues for new theoretical and empirical insights into nonprofit organizations.

关键词： nonprofits compositional modeling dynamic pie partisanship public policy NTEE codes

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Pore-scale compositional modeling of gas-condensate flow: Effects of interfacial tension and flow velocity on relative permeability

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JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021年 202卷 108454-108454页

作者： Reis, P. K. P. Carvalho, M. S. Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro Dept Mech Engn BR-22451900 Rio De Janeiro RJ Brazil

Liquid dropout and retention in gas-condensate reservoirs, specially in the near wellbore region, obstruct gas flowing paths and impact negatively the produced fluid volume and composition. Yet, condensate banking forecasting is commonly inaccurate, as experiments seldom reproduce reservoir extreme conditions and complex fluid composition, while most pore-scale models oversimplify the physics of phase transitions between gas and condensate. To address this gap, a fully implicit isothermal compositional pore-network model for gas and condensate flow is presented. The proposed pore-networks consist of 3D structures of pores connected by constricted circular capillaries. Hydraulic conductances are calculated for the capillaries, which can exhibit singlephase flow or two-phase annular flow, according to local gas and liquid saturations, or be blocked by a liquid bridge, when capillary forces overcome viscous forces. A PT-flash based on the Peng-Robinson EoS is performed at control volumes defined for the pores at each time step, updating the phases properties. Flow analyses were carried based on coreflooding experiments reported in the literature, with matching fluid composition and flow conditions, and approximated pore-space geometry. Predicted and measured relative permeability curves showed good quantitative agreement, for two values of interfacial tension and three values of gas flow velocity.

关键词： Gas condensate relative permeabilities Dynamic pore-network modeling compositional modeling

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