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A novel family of compression algorithms for ECG and other semiperiodical, one-dimensional, biomedical signals

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 1996年第8期43卷 820-828页

作者： Barlas, GD Skordalakis, ES NATL TECH UNIV ATHENS DIV COMP SCI GR-15310 ATHENS GREECE

In this paper, a novel family of compression algorithms is presented, which is designed to exploit the redundancy of one-dimensional (1-D) semiperiodical biomedical signals resulting from the cyclic nature of the underlying physical process, The basic idea is that a pool of past-seen cycles is maintained and cycles to be encoded can be stored as transformed versions of those residing in the pool, Conceptually, this approach is an extension of dictionary-based coding schemes used for text compression to signal patterns residing in an n-dimensional space. A cycle transformation method is introduced in order to render the pattern matching process practical and to enable cycle substitution, Based on the principles of the algorithmic family and this transformation method, an electrocardiogram (ECG)-oriented algorithm is implemented and thoroughly tested. The performance of this implementation is examined theoretically and deductions about the optimal algorithm settings are made, The ECG compression algorithm is superior to the average beat subtraction algorithm as proposed by Hamilton and Tompkins in cases where high compression ratios are required.

关键词： compression algorithms Electrocardiography Signal processing Signal analysis Computer science Signal design Algorithm design and analysis Pattern matching Testing Parameter extraction

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compression of multichannel ECG through multichannel long-term prediction

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IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY MAGAZINE 1998年第1期17卷 109-115页

作者： Cohen, A Zigel, Y Ben Gurion Univ Negev Dept Elect & Comp Engn IL-84105 Beer Sheva Israel

The need for efficient coding of ECG signals is continually increasing with modern use of long-term monitoring and telemedicine. Here, the authors present an algorithm based on long-term prediction (LTP) compression. The single-channel LTP algorithm has been generalized to the multichannel case and is called the MC-LTP algorithm. This algorithm compresses PQRST beats using a pattern codebook with "typical" beats.

关键词： Electrocardiography Distortion measurement Predictive models Vectors Biomedical engineering Autocorrelation Modems Monitoring Telemedicine compression algorithms

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compression of skin tumor images

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IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY MAGAZINE 1998年第3期17卷 73-80页

作者： Kjoelen, A Umbaugh, SE Zuke, M So Illinois Univ Dept Elect Engn Comp Vis & Image Proc Lab Edwardsville IL 62026 USA

The following topics are dealt with: error measures; transform-domain processing; preprocessing of color images; the principal components transform; the discrete wavelet transform; wavelet decomposition and reconstruction; vector quantization; distortion measures; a codebook design algorithm; design and implementation of compression algorithms; preprocessing effects; quality assessment of the compressed images.

关键词： Image coding Skin neoplasms Discrete wavelet transforms Distortion measurement Algorithm design and analysis Color Image reconstruction Vector quantization compression algorithms Quality assessment

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Scalable lossless compression algorithm for motion pictures

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 1998年第2期44卷 333-336页

作者： Wakatani, A Matsushita Elect Ind Co Ltd Corp Res Div Osaka Japan

Lossless JPEG is inherently a sequential algorithm. In order to achieve realtime encode/decode of lossless JPEG for motion pictures, it should be parallelized. We show the parallelized version of lossless JPEG and the allocation of virtual processors. We also describe the preliminary performance prediction of the algorithm to confirm the possibility of the realtime processing.

关键词： compression algorithms Motion pictures Transform coding Image coding Concurrent computing Decoding Biomedical imaging Image segmentation Discrete cosine transforms Motion estimation

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Neural-network-based compression algorithm for gray scale images

Neural-network-based compression algorithm for gray scale im...

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IEEE International Joint Symposia on Intelligence and Systems

作者： Valova, I Kosugi, Y Tokyo Inst Technol Precis Machinery Syst Dept Midori Ku Yokohama Kanagawa 2268502 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)0818685484

This paper presents an image compression algorithm for gray scale images, based on neural networks. According to this algorithm the image will be first decomposed into Hadamard set of functions and second, the coefficients from the decomposition will be dynamically clustered by a newly proposed Dynamic Adaptive Clustering Method (DACM). We show that DACM converges to approximate the optimum solution based an the least sum of squares criterion theoretically and experimentally. We applied the compression method to various gray scale images and show its efficiency in providing high compression rates. In order to show some comparative results for the proposed method, we have chosen the well-known JPEG. its algorithm has similar structure and therefore is a good basis for comparison. The results from the gray scale images experiments are in favor of the proposed method.

关键词： grayscale images compression algorithms image compression algorithm compression ratio

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Design of context-free grammars for lossless data compression

Design of context-free grammars for lossless data compressio...

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IEEE Information Theory Workshop

作者： Kieffer, JC Yang, E Univ Minnesota Dept Elect & Comp Engn Minneapolis MN 55455 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780344081

Any context-free grammar G generates a language L(G). We are interested in context-free grammars G in which L(G) consists of exactly one string. Given a data string a: over a finite alphabet and a context-free grammar G such that L(G) = {x}, one call reduce G to a simpler grammar G' for which L(G') = {x} and for which certain constraints are satisfied. One then losslessly compresses x by losslessly compressing the grammar G'. The redundancy performance of this compression algorithm based upon reduced grammars is discussed.

关键词： context-free grammars compression algorithms lossless compression syntax Cosmic strings

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An OFDM all digital in-band-on-channel (IBOC) AM and FM radio solution using the PAC encoder

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BROADCASTING 1998年第1期44卷 22-27页

作者： Cupo, RL Sarraf, M Shariat, M Zarrabizadeh, M AT&T Bell Labs Lucent Technol Holmdel NJ 07733 USA

Recent advances in digital communications and compression algorithms have made more efficient and more robust transmission schemes possible. Radio broadcast systems have not fully utilized these advances to their benefit. All digital robust radio broadcast systems for the AM and the FM band are proposed in this paper. The proposed systems are based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technology in conjunction with PAC for both the AM and the FM bands. The Perceptual Audio Coder (PEG) developed by Bell Laboratories compresses audio signals very efficiently with CD-like quality at 96 kbps and stereo FM-like quality at 48 kbps. These are rates achievable with 200 kHz and 30 kHz bandwidths available per FM and AM station respectively, No new spectrum is required since the digital signals are transmitted within the current allocated FCC masks. Tn an FM channel, a wide-band data subchannel can be provided in addition to the 96 kbps error protected PAC audio information.

关键词： OFDM Robustness Radio broadcasting Digital communication compression algorithms Digital audio broadcasting Bandwidth FCC Wideband Protection

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Low-power wireless video systems

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IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE 1998年第6期36卷 130-136页

作者： Meng, TH University of Stanford USA

This article presents the design principles for implementing low-power wireless video systems through the use of two examples, a single-chip digital video camera and a wireless video-on-demand system. The discussion will focus on the architectural and circuit techniques developed specifically for silicon integration of high-performance low-power wireless video systems. The proposed single-chip digital camera incorporates a parallel architecture to perform MPEG-2 encoding in real time, while the video-on-demand system employs an error-resilient compression algorithm to guard against the transmission errors often encountered in wireless communication. Both wireless video systems, one for encoding and the other for decoding, dissipate only tens of milliwatts of power, achieving a power reduction two orders of magnitude below standard solutions.

关键词： Video compression Digital cameras Encoding Wireless communication Circuits Silicon Parallel architectures Transform coding Real time systems compression algorithms

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Interactive optimization and massively parallel implementations of video compression algorithms

Interactive optimization and massively parallel implementati...

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： H. Nicolas F. Jordan CRAY Research EPF Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland Signal Processing Laboratory EPF Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland

This paper presents a new technique which allows interactive optimization of video compression algorithms using massively parallel computers such as the CRAY T3D. This work aims to exploit as much as possible the parallel nature of digital image processing algorithms to obtain almost real-time computing with the flexibility of a software implementation. Thanks to this low computation time, interactive tools have been developed which allow easy and fast visual evaluation of image quality. This leads to significant productivity gain when developing new video compression techniques. Our approach has been validated on advanced region-based video compression algorithms. The interactive facilities offered by the proposed technique permit the accurate optimization of the algorithm parameters in few minutes, where several days were previously needed. Depending on the complexity of the compression algorithms, 8-12 images are compressed, decompressed and visualized per second.

关键词： Video compression Signal processing algorithms compression algorithms Image coding Concurrent computing Visualization PSNR Image sequences Workstations Digital images

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Performance of lossless compression algorithms on voiceband data

Performance of lossless compression algorithms on voiceband ...

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Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE)

作者： K.W. Ng A.J. Pollard L.R. Dacombe R.D. McLeod H.C. Card University of Manitoba Winnipeg MAN Canada Telecommunications Research Laboratory Winnipeg MAN Canada

Today's public switched telephone networks are being upgraded to use digital transmission and switching. The main disadvantage of digital transmission is the higher bandwidth required. To alleviate this problem, much research has been devoted into the compression of digitized voice signals. However, such compression techniques tend to have adverse effects on non-voice signals such as modems and faxes. This paper covers the performance of standard lossless compression algorithms on voiceband data signals.

关键词： Performance loss compression algorithms Modems Telephony Bandwidth Telecommunication switching Pulse modulation Phase change materials Testing ISDN

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