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Compressed data-stream protocol: an energy-efficient compressed data-stream protocol for wireless sensor networks

IET COMMUNICATIONS 2011年第18期5卷 2673-2683页

作者： Erratt, N. Liang, Y. Purdue Univ Indiana Univ Dept Comp & Informat Sci Indianapolis IN 46202 USA

In this study, the authors present an energy-efficient data compression protocol for data collection in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). WSNs are essentially constrained by motes' limited battery power and networks bandwidth. The authors focus on data compression algorithms and protocol development to effectively support data compression for data gathering in WSNs. Their design of compressed data-stream protocol (CDP) is generic in the sense that other lossless or lossy compression algorithms can be easily 'plugged' into the proposed protocol system without any changes to the rest of the CDP. This design intends to support various different WSN applications where users may prefer more specific compression algorithms, tailored to the sensing data characteristics in question, to their general algorithm. CDP is not only able to significantly reduce energy consumptions of data gathering in multi-hop WSNs, but also able to reduce sensor network traffic and thus avoid congestion accordingly. The proposed CDP is implemented on the tinyOS platform using the nesC programming language. To evaluate their work, the authors conduct simulations via TOSSIM and PowerTOSSIM-z with real-world sensor data. The results demonstrate the significance of CDP.

关键词： compression algorithms Battery power supply streaming protocol Energy efficiency Data compression COMPRESSED data flow energy consumption

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Dynamic data compression in wireless networks

Dynamic data compression in wireless networks

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International Symposium on Advanced Networks and Telecommunication Systems (ANTS)

作者： Saket Chawla B. S. Manoj Department of Avionics Indian Institute of Space science and Technology Trivandrum India

Techniques for saving bandwidth are very important in bandwidth constrained wireless networks. One of the key concepts that save bandwidth is compression of data packets. While it has been employed over low bandwidth point-to-point wired or wireless links, multiuser communication networks such as WLANs and WMNs do not use packet compression. In this work, we designed and implemented the data packet compression mechanism for IEEE 802.11 networks and study its impact on the compression efficiency and throughput. We observed that with 1450Byte sized packets, a compression ratio of 57% is achieved with a throughput degradation of less than 10%. Further, we also propose a dynamic packet compression mechanism where the data packet compression is employed selectively. Results from a prototype implementation are presented.

关键词： compression algorithms Throughput Wireless networks Bandwidth Heuristic algorithms Data compression Software

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An ECG Data compression Method via Standard Deviation and ASCII Character Encoding

An ECG Data Compression Method via Standard Deviation and AS...

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International Conference on Emerging Applications of Information Technology (EAIT)

作者： S.K. Mukhopadhyay M. Mitra S. Mitra Department of Applied Physics University of Calcutta Kolkata India Department of Electronics Netaji Nagar Day College University of Calcutta Kolkata India

In the present paper, a software based effective ECG data compression algorithm is proposed. The whole algorithm is written in C- platform. The algorithm is tested on various ECG data of all the 12 leads taken from PTB Diagnostic ECG Database (PTB-DB). In this compression methodology, individual standard deviation of each part of the signal is calculated at first. To achieve a strict loss less compression in regions of high standard deviation and a tolerable lossy compression in rest of the signal, two different compression algorithms have developed. It is observed that this proposed algorithm can reduce the file size significantly. The data reconstruction algorithm has also been developed using the reversed logic and it is seen that data is reconstructed preserving the significant ECG signal morphology.

关键词： Arrays Electrocardiography Encoding Data compression compression algorithms Decoding Wavelet transforms

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Combining Non-stationary Prediction, Optimization and Mixing for Data compression

Combining Non-stationary Prediction, Optimization and Mixing...

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International Conference on Data compression, Communications and Processing

作者： Christopher Mattern Fakultät für Informatik und Automatisierung Technische Universität Ilmenau Ilmenau Germany

In this paper an approach to modelling nonstationary binary sequences, i.e., predicting the probability of upcoming symbols, is presented. After studying the prediction model we evaluate its performance in two non-artificial test cases. First the model is compared to the Laplace and Krichevsky-Trofimov estimators. Secondly a statistical ensemble model for compressing Burrows-Wheeler-Transform output is worked out and evaluated. A systematic approach to the parameter optimization of an individual model and the ensemble model is stated.

关键词： Optimization Context Predictive models Numerical models compression algorithms Switches Approximation methods

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The choice of wavelet bases in electrocardiogram compression algorithm

The choice of wavelet bases in electrocardiogram compression...

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International Conference on Multimedia Technology

作者： Xiurong-Bao Physical and Electronic Information College Inner Mongolia Normal University Hohhot China

ISBN: (纸本)9781612847719

This paper is associated with the choice of wavelet bases in electrocardiogram compression. The integer-to-integer wavelet transform in the algorithm, the zero-tree coding and the adaptive arithmetic coding in electrocardiogram is used. The wavelet library is composed of nine wavelets. The MIT-BIH arrhythmia database is used to test the algorithm. The experiment results show that it can significantly reduce the signal distortion by selecting optimal wavelet bases for each segment electrocardiogram in compression algorithm.

关键词： Wavelet transforms Electrocardiography Image coding Wavelet domain compression algorithms Wavelet analysis

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Selective merging-based reference frame memory compression

Selective merging-based reference frame memory compression

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IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, Computers and Signal Processing

作者： Soongi Hong Dahjung Chung Yoonsik Choe School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Image Information Laboratory Yonsei University Seoul South Korea

Although IBDI, a coding tool that increases internal bit depth to improve compression performance for high quality video, is able to significantly improve the coding efficiency, the internal memory increment problem occurs because of the necessity of storing reference frames. Therefore, memory compression algorithm is proposed to solve the internal memory increment problem while maintaining the coding performance of IBDI. The memory compression methods have successively reduced the reference frame memory while preserving the coding efficiency by dividing a reference frame into the fixed size processing units and using additional information of each unit. However, additional information of each processing unit also has to be stored in internal frame memory; the amount of additional information could be a limitation of the effectiveness of memory compression scheme. Therefore, to relax this limitation of previous method, we propose a selective merging-based reference frame memory compression algorithm, dramatically reducing the amount of additional information. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm provides much smaller overhead than that of the previous algorithm while keeping the coding efficiency of IBDI.

关键词： Merging Encoding Software algorithms compression algorithms Heuristic algorithms Dynamic range Software

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Sketches characterization and compression for nomadic computing

Sketches characterization and compression for nomadic comput...

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International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design

作者： Nelson Baloian Ramón Cruzat Richard Ibarra Javier Bustos-Jiménez Departamento de Ciencias de la Computación Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile ORAND Santiago Chile

Nomadic computing often refers to people using computer support working anywhere, anytime and not necessarily attached to a specific location or time of the day. Mobile computing and wireless ad-hoc networks are important elements in this kind of scenarios. Nowadays it is common to see architects, engineers, geologists and/or designers working on the field and sharing ideas on a collaborative media using sketches and freehand writing. On this scenario, data overflow among the peer applications often happens, since the sketches have to be distributed among all participants in real time. This paper presents a work on characterization and compression algorithms for sketches, with and without loss of information, to be used on mobile devices, in order to reduce the data traffic. We focused our study on three parameters of the algorithms: time required characterizing and compressing the sketch, size of the resulting information and human perceived of lost information. Our results present algorithms with a compression ratio lower than 1% the size of the original image without information loosing under human perception.

关键词： Mobile handsets Performance evaluation Image coding Mobile communication Collaboration Pixel compression algorithms

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3D object compression using enhanced stripification technique

3D object compression using enhanced stripification techniqu...

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IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, Computers and Signal Processing

作者： Fatma Khairy Mohamed H. Mousa Hamed Nassar Mohamed S. Yasein Department of Computer Science Suez Canal University Ismailia Egypt Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Port Said University Port Said Egypt

3D meshes are one of the most common representations of 3D objects that have been used in graphics applications. They often require a huge amount of data for storage and/or transmission. In this paper, we present a new compression algorithm based on stripification of the geometric models that enables us to progressively visualize the 3D models during their transmission. The proposed algorithm encodes the geometry and the connectivity of the input model in an interwoven fashion. The main idea is to store 3D objects as strips files. The algorithm achieves compression ratios above 61 : 1 over ASCII encoded formats resulting in faster transmission and rendering of complex graphical objects.

关键词： Strips Joining processes Three dimensional displays Solid modeling Geometry Rendering (computer graphics) compression algorithms

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Methods of sound data compression — Comparison of different standards

Methods of sound data compression — Comparison of different...

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International Conference on CAD Systems in Microelectronics (CADSM)

作者： Norbert Nowak Wojciech Zabierowski Department of Microelectronics and Computer Science Lodz Poland

The following article is about the methods of sound data compression. The technological progress has facilitated the process of recording audio on different media such as CD-Audio. The development of audio data compression has significantly made our lives easier. In recent years, much has been achieved in the field of audio and speech compression. Many standards have been established. They are characterized by more better sound quality at lower bitrate. It allows to record the same CD-Audio formats using “lossy” or lossless compression algorithms in order to reduce the amount of data surface area at almost noticeable difference in the quality of the recording. In order to compare methods of sound data compression I have used Adobe Audition 3.0 software and computer program of the sound compression system from manufacturers' side. To illustrate the problem, I have used the graphs of the spectrum and musical composition spectrograms. The comparison has been done on the basis of uncompressed music track from the original CD-Audio.

关键词： Data compression Standards compression algorithms Digital audio players Encoding Speech Data models

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compression OF QRS COMPLEXES USING HERMITE EXPANSION

COMPRESSION OF QRS COMPLEXES USING HERMITE EXPANSION

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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing

作者： Aliaksei Sandryhaila Jelena Kovacevic Markus Puschel Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA Biomedical Engineering and Center for Bioimage Informatics Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA Computer Science ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland

We propose an algorithm for the compression of ECG signals, in particular QRS complexes, based on the expansion of signals with compact support into a basis of discrete Hermite functions. These functions are obtained by sampling continuous Hermite functions, previously used for the compression of ECG signals. Our algorithm uses the theory of signal models based on orthogonal polynomials, and achieves higher compression ratios compared with previously reported algorithms, both those using Hermite functions, as well as those using the discrete Fourier and discrete cosine transforms.

关键词： Electrocardiography Polynomials Approximation algorithms compression algorithms Transforms Approximation error

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