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Do Algorithms Do It Better? Analysing Occupational Ideology in the Age of computational journalism

journalism STUDIES 2024年第13期25卷 1573-1597页

作者： Spyridou, Paschalia (Lia) Danezis, Christos Cyprus Univ Technol Ringgold Stand Inst Dept Commun & Internet Studies Lemesos Cyprus

journalism is increasingly discussed through the lens of a quantitative and material turn associated with data and computational journalism, implying that important aspects of news production are mediated by technological actants. The implications of these developments may be understood as part of journalism's reconfiguration, calling for continuous monitoring and reconsideration of what journalism is, how it is done, and why. Using the framework of occupational ideology and drawing on qualitative research, this study offers empirical knowledge on the changing constituents of occupational ideology in reference to evaluating a computational News Discovery tool. The findings add new insights to an emerging trend suggesting that journalists compromise their civic duties in the name of traffic-building and algorithmic judgment. While the results speak to the idiosyncrasy of the case study, they add nuance to the increasing marketisation and technologisation of news production by acknowledging their intensity and the subsequent formalisation of "good performance" over professional judgement. We also find that for newcomers, performance and productivity are becoming "organic elements" of their occupational ideology, while older journalists succumb to organisational pressures. Overall, assigned possibilities of computational tools, although quite detached from the reality of the technology, tend to influence fundamental values and norms of journalism.

关键词： computational journalism occupational ideology algorithmic journalism computational news discovery legitimacy autonomy

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The Grey Area: How Regulations Impact Autonomy in computational journalism

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DIGITAL journalism 2023年第6期11卷 889-905页

作者： Wiley, Sarah K. Univ Minnesota Hubbard Sch Journalism & Mass Commun Minneapolis MN 55455 USA

computational journalists who use new technological methods in news production face an uncertain legal and policy landscape. Through data collected from eighteen in-depth interviews with journalists and editors, this article analyzes the legal issues surrounding computational journalism and provides insight into how journalists who use such methods negotiate their autonomy and independence. By utilizing a theoretical framework based in practice theory, this article illustrates how computational journalists perceive their autonomy as both constrained and enabled by legal regulation, organizational policy, and professional journalism norms and values.

关键词： Autonomy computational journalism policy practice theory emergent routines press freedom

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Editorial Technologists as Engineers of journalism's Future: Exploring the Professional Community of computational journalism

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DIGITAL journalism 2023年第6期11卷 1026-1044页

作者： Lischka, Juliane A. Schaetz, Nadja Oltersdorf, Anna-Lena Univ Hamburg Journalism & Commun Studies Hamburg Germany

Editorial technologists, such as developers, designers, or data specialists represent novel interdisciplinary computational journalism positions in newsrooms. Drawing on field theory, this explorative study evaluates the character of the professional community of editorial technologists by analyzing their discussions in the peer conference "SRCCON" over four years (2016-2019). Findings indicate that editorial technologists are united by the goal to improve journalism. They critically reflect on their roles and strive to augment their agency in the field through normalizing their computational skills, accumulating social capital, e.g., by building enduring relationships in newsrooms, and gaining symbolic capital. Instead of pressing to enforce technological adoption at all costs, editorial technologists acknowledge their responsibility towards the editorial office, news organizations, audiences, and society at large. These responsibilities form the core of their doxa, which is why we conceive of editorial technologists as a community of accountable engineers of sociotechnical change in journalism. Editorial technologists' collective professional imagination aims at overcoming the inert processes, hegemonic structures, and restrictive culture of journalism.

关键词： computational journalism digital journalism professional community professional culture role conception sociotechnical perspective technology transformation

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Table Scraps: An Actionable Framework for Multi-Table Data Wrangling From An Artifact Study of computational journalism

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2021年第2期27卷 957-966页

作者： Kasica, Stephen Berret, Charles Munzner, Tamara Univ British Columbia Dept Comp Sci Vancouver BC Canada Univ British Columbia Sch Journalism Writing & Media Vancouver BC Canada

For the many journalists who use data and computation to report the news, data wrangling is an integral part of their work. Despite an abundance of literature on data wrangling in the context of enterprise data analysis, little is known about the specific operations, processes, and pain points journalists encounter while performing this tedious, time-consuming task. To better understand the needs of this user group, we conduct a technical observation study of 50 public repositories of data and analysis code authored by 33 professional journalists at 26 news organizations. We develop two detailed and cross-cutting taxonomies of data wrangling in computational journalism, for actions and for processes. We observe the extensive use of multiple tables, a notable gap in previous wrangling analyses. We develop a concise, actionable framework for general multi-table data wrangling that includes wrangling operations documented in our taxonomy that are without clear parallels in other work. This framework, the first to incorporate tables as first-class objects, will support future interactive wrangling tools for both computational journalism and general-purpose use. We assess the generative and descriptive power of our framework through discussion of its relationship to our set of taxonomies.

关键词： journalism Taxonomy Tools Data analysis Encoding Task analysis Cleaning computational journalism Data journalism Data wrangling

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Discovering Newsworthy Themes from Sequenced Data: A Step Towards computational journalism

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING 2017年第7期29卷 1398-1411页

作者： Fan, Qi Li, Yuchen Zhang, Dongxiang Tan, Kian-Lee NUS NUS Grad Sch Integrat Sci & Engn NGS Singapore 119077 Singapore Natl Univ Singapore Sch Comp Singapore 119077 Singapore Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Chengdu 610051 Sichuan Sheng Peoples R China Natl Univ Singapore NGS Sch Comp Singapore 119077 Singapore

Automatic discovery of newsworthy themes from sequenced data can relieve journalists from manually poring over a large amount of data in order to find interesting news. In this paper, we propose a novel k-Sketch query that aims to find k striking streaks to best summarize a subject. Our scoring function takes into account streak strikingness and streak coverage at the same time. We study the k-Sketch query processing in both offline and online scenarios, and propose various streak-level pruning techniques to find striking candidates. Among those candidates, we then develop approximate methods to discover the k most representative streaks with theoretical bounds. We conduct experiments on four real datasets, and the results demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our proposed algorithms: the running time achieves up to 500 times speedup and the quality of the generated summaries is endorsed by the anonymous users from Amazon Mechanical Turk.

关键词： computational journalism news theme discovery sequenced data approximate algorithms

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FINDING THE DATA UNICORN A hierarchy of hybridity in data and computational journalism

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DIGITAL journalism 2017年第2期5卷 159-176页

作者： Hermida, Alfred Young, Mary Lynn Univ British Columbia Sch Journalism Vancouver BC V5Z 1M9 Canada

Understanding how data and computational journalism are affecting news norms, practices and organizations is essential for journalists and researchers. We explore the development of data journalism in Canada through interviews with 17 data journalists and freelancers at six of the country's largest legacy news organizations. Our central question is how these journalistic identities are both shaping intra- and inter-organizational and professional boundaries and being shaped by them. We draw from systems thinking approach to understanding media hybridity across time and place as well as the traditional sociology of news to assess technological adaptation and agency in this emerging domain. Findings suggest that encounters between emergent and legacy logics have created a hierarchy of hybrid cultures. Two organizations-the public broadcaster and a legacy print organization-showed early stage evidence of blended techno cultures similar to some in the United States. In others there were tensions with professional labeling, resourcing, protective economic strategies and labor policies, limiting options to mobilize power and experiment with technological adaptation in more generative ways. These shifts were occurring within a context of increased cooperation within, across and beyond traditional organizations, pointing to a new degree of networked collaboration in Canadian journalism.

关键词： algorithms computational journalism Canada data journalism hybridity journalism media

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BIG DATA IN PRACTICE Enabling computational journalism through code-sharing and reproducible research methods

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DIGITAL journalism 2016年第2期4卷 266-279页

作者： Broussard, Meredith NYU Arthur L Carter Journalism Inst New York NY 10003 USA

Applied research in computational journalism offers opportunities for scholars to engage with data and platforms by developing original code-based scholarship and research methods. However, scholars who write code need a place to publish about it. This paper suggests new article forms and academic publishing conventions that will allow the field of computational journalism to expand. It explores logistical details associated with sharing and publishing code, and describes reproducible research methods in use in other disciplines.

关键词： big data code sharing computational journalism data journalism publishing reproducible research transparency

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"Machines don't have instincts': Articulating the computational in journalism

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NEW MEDIA & SOCIETY 2017年第6期19卷 918-933页

作者： Bucher, Taina Univ Copenhagen Commun & Informat Technol Copenhagen Denmark

This article examines the articulation of computational journalism, focusing on how the meaning of the computational is discursively constructed and mobilized as a specific constellation of intelligibility within news organizations. Relying on the concept of articulation developed in cultural studies, the article asks what, exactly, is meant by the computational in the context of journalism? Drawing on interviews with key managerial staff, editors and developers at Scandinavian news organizations, three broad claims about the linkage between the computational and journalism emerged. These articulations include the notion that machines don't have instincts, that democracy can never be personalized and finally that the computational is something to think with, rather than simulate. The argument is made that what can and cannot be calculated is not merely a technical question, it is also a deeply social, cultural, political and economic one. Thus, the computational emerges as an important organising framework and discursive order for thinking and talking about journalism in the digital age.

关键词： Algorithm articulation computational journalism computational thinking discourse journalism meaning power software

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FROM MR. AND MRS. OUTLIER TO CENTRAL TENDENCIES computational journalism and crime reporting at the Los Angeles Times

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DIGITAL journalism 2015年第3期3卷 381-397页

作者： Young, Mary Lynn Hermida, Alfred Univ British Columbia Sch Journalism Vancouver BC Canada

This study examines the impact of computational journalism on the creation and dissemination of crime news. computational journalism refers to forms of algorithmic, social scientific, and mathematical processes and systems for the production of news. It is one of a series of technological developments that have shaped journalistic work and builds on techniques of computer-assisted reporting and the use of social science tools in journalism. This paper uses the Los Angeles Times' Homicide Report and its Data Desk as a case study to explore how technological adaptation occurred in this newsroom in the early twenty-first century. Our findings suggest that computational thinking and techniques emerged in a (dis) continuous evolution of organizational norms, practices, content, identities, and technologies that interdependently led to new products. computational journalism emerges from an earlier and still ongoing turn to digital within broader organizational, technological, and social contexts. We place this finding in the local, situated context of the Homicide Report, one of the first crime news blogs to adopt computational journalism in North America.

关键词： algorithm computational journalism crime reporting data homicide journalism Los Angeles Times

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CLARIFYING journalism'S QUANTITATIVE TURN A typology for evaluating data journalism, computational journalism, and computer-assisted reporting

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DIGITAL journalism 2015年第3期3卷 331-348页

作者： Coddington, Mark Univ Texas Austin Sch Journalism Austin TX 78712 USA

As quantitative forms have become more prevalent in professional journalism, it has become increasingly important to distinguish between them and examine their roles in contemporary journalistic practice. This study defines and compares three quantitative forms of journalism-computer-assisted reporting, data journalism, and computational journalism-examining the points of overlap and divergence among their journalistic values and practices. After setting the three forms against the cultural backdrop of the convergence between the open-source movement and professional journalistic norms, the study introduces a four-part typology to evaluate their epistemological and professional dimensions. In it, the three forms are classified according to their orientation toward professional expertise or networked participation, transparency or opacity, big data or targeted sampling, and a vision of an active or passive public. These three quantitative journalistic forms are ultimately characterized as related but distinct approaches to integrating the values of open-source culture and social science with those of professional journalism, each with its own flaws but also its own distinct contribution to democratically robust journalistic practice.

关键词： big data computational journalism computer-assisted reporting data journalism expertise open source professional journalism public transparency

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