Investigations on the respiratory transport and deposition of airborne asbestos, man-made vitreous fibers (MMVFs), and carbon nanofiber/carbon nanotubes have been actively conducted in the past few decades. The elonga...
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Investigations on the respiratory transport and deposition of airborne asbestos, man-made vitreous fibers (MMVFs), and carbon nanofiber/carbon nanotubes have been actively conducted in the past few decades. The elongated particles' distinctive needle-like geometry has been identified as the main cause of extreme carcinogenicity when compared to inhaled spherical particles. Consequently, uncovering the intrinsic relationship between the particle's unique elongated shape and its transport characteristics in human respiratory systems is crucial for understanding fiber inhalation toxicity. Currently, such information can only be provided by computational modeling. This review summarized the current state of the art of computational modeling of fiber transport in the human respiratory tract. The needed future researches were also discussed.
Designing venous stents with desired properties is challenging due to the partly conflicting performance criteria, e.g., enhancing flexibility may be at odds with increasing patency. To evaluate the effect of design p...
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Designing venous stents with desired properties is challenging due to the partly conflicting performance criteria, e.g., enhancing flexibility may be at odds with increasing patency. To evaluate the effect of design parameters on the mechanical performance of braided stents, computational simulations are performed using finite element analysis. Model validation is performed through comparison with measurements. Considered design features are stent length, wire diameter, pick rate, number of wires, and stent end-type, being either open-ended or closed looped. Based on the requirements of venous stents, tests are defined to study the effect of design variations with respect to the following key performance criteria: chronic outward force, crush resistance, conformability, and foreshortening. computational modeling is demonstrated to be a valuable tool in the design process through its ability of assessing sensitivities of various performance metrics to the design parameters. Additionally, it is shown, using computational modeling, that the interaction between a braided stent and its surrounding anatomy has a significant impact on its performance. Therefore, taking into account device-tissue interaction is crucial for the proper assessment of stent performance.
Organ-on-chip or micro-engineered three-dimensional cellular or tissue models are increasingly implemented in the study of cardiovascular pathophysiology as alternatives to traditional in vitro cell culture. Drug indu...
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Organ-on-chip or micro-engineered three-dimensional cellular or tissue models are increasingly implemented in the study of cardiovascular pathophysiology as alternatives to traditional in vitro cell culture. Drug induced cardiotoxicity is a key issue in drug development pipelines, but the current in vitro and in vivo studies suffer from inter-species differences, high costs, and lack of reliability and accuracy in predicting cardiotoxicity. Microfluidic heart-on-chip devices can impose a paradigm shift to the current tools. They can not only recapitulate cardiac tissue level functionality and the communication between cells and extracellular matrices but also allow higher throughput studies conducive to drug screening especially with their added functionalities or sensors that extract disease-specific phenotypic, genotypic, and electrophysiological information in real-time. Such electrical and mechanical components can tailor the electrophysiology and mechanobiology of the experiment to better mimic the in vivo condition as well. Recent advancements and challenges are reviewed in the fabrication, functionalization and sensor assisted mechanical and electrophysiological measurements, numerical and computational modeling of cardiomyocytes' behavior, and the clinical applications in drug screening and disease modeling. This review concludes with the current challenges and perspectives on the future of such organ-on-chip platforms.
In recent years, the triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS)-based scaffolds have been served as one of the crucial types of structures for biological replacements, the energy absorber, etc. Meanwhile, the development ...
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In recent years, the triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS)-based scaffolds have been served as one of the crucial types of structures for biological replacements, the energy absorber, etc. Meanwhile, the development of additive manufacturing (AM) has facilitated the production of TPMS scaffolds with complex microstructures. However, the design maps of TPMS scaffolds, especially considering the AM constraints, remain unclear, which has hindered the design and application of TPMS scaffolds. The aims of the present study were to develop an efficient computational modeling framework for investigating the design maps of TPMS scaffolds simultaneously considering the AM constraints, the biological requirements, and the structural anisotropy. To demonstrate the computational framework, five widely-used topologies of the TPMS-based scaffolds (i.e. the Diamond, the Gyroid, the Fischer-Koch S, the F-RD, and the Schwarz P) were used, whose design maps for the surface-to-volume ratio and the effective elastic modulus were also investigated. The results showed that as the porosities increase, the design ranges of the surface-to-volume ratios decreases for all the structures. Compared with the effect of the constraint for the pore size, the minimal structural thickness for AM constraint has a greater effect on the surface-to-volume ratio. Regarding the elastic modulus, in the region of low porosity (approximately 0.5-0.7), the range for the effective elastic modulus of Schwarz P is the widest (approximately 2.24-32.6 GPa), but the Gyroid can achieve both high porosity and low effective elastic modulus (e.g. 0.61 GPa at the porosity of 0.90). These results and the method developed in the present study provided important basis and guidance for the design and application of the TPMS-based porous structures.
computational modeling plays an important role in scientific research and education. However, many models do not communicate with the real world, which might limit their learning potential. In this proposal, we introd...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798400701313
computational modeling plays an important role in scientific research and education. However, many models do not communicate with the real world, which might limit their learning potential. In this proposal, we introduce the design of NetLogo AR, an authoring toolkit that transforms NetLogo agent-based computational models into room-scale AR experiences. We are inspired by studies that integrate real-world environments into computational models, including bifocal modeling and participatory simulation, and those that leverage Augmented Reality (AR) to create authoring tools for children. We describe our design goals that focus on raising the ceiling and lowering the threshold for potential AR designers: researchers, educators, and children. For the IDC conference, we propose an example learning activity to demonstrate the capabilities of NetLogo AR. By incorporating dynamic and unpredictable real-world inputs, NetLogo AR has the potential to inspire future designs of AR experiences and enrich the learning experiences of agent-based models for children.
Indonesian has two noun-forming prefixes, PE- and PEN-, that often stand in a paradigmatic relation to verbal base words with the prefixes BER- and MEN-. The central question addressed in the present study is whether ...
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Indonesian has two noun-forming prefixes, PE- and PEN-, that often stand in a paradigmatic relation to verbal base words with the prefixes BER- and MEN-. The central question addressed in the present study is whether the form similarities between PEN- and MEN- make PEN- easier to learn compared to PE-. To address this question, we made use of a computational model, the 'discriminative lexicon' (DL) model. We trained this model on 2,517 word forms that were inflected or derived variants of 99 different base words. Of these word forms, 109 were nouns with PE- and 221 words were nouns with PEN-. Both the production and the comprehension networks of the model performed with high accuracy for both prefixes. However, the model was able to provide more precise predictions for PE- as compared to PEN-, implying that PE- should have a processing advantage compared to PEN-. There are two reasons for why PE- is learned more robustly than PEN-. First, PE- words tend to be longer and hence have more discriminative triphones. Second, due to cue competition with MEN-, the prefixal triphones of PEN- are less effective cues than those of PE-. A measure of functional load is proposed that helps clarify the relative importance of the triphones in the prefixes and those straddling the boundary between prefix and stem. Our results shed further light on the productivity paradox, role of junctural phonotactics, and (dis)functionality of affix substitution.
We present a computational model for random photonic networks consisting of micro-scale optical waveguides. For these networks, we calculate the scattering matrices and internal field distributions. To demonstrate the...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798350383164
ISBN:
(纸本)9798350383171
We present a computational model for random photonic networks consisting of micro-scale optical waveguides. For these networks, we calculate the scattering matrices and internal field distributions. To demonstrate the potential of the networks as sensing devices, we simulate the trajectory of a scattering matrix pole in response to a local network perturbation.
Based on the basic structure of transmission and distribution network, this chapter analyzes the output characteristics of dispatchable resources such as renewable energy, conventional generator set, interruptible loa...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798331523527
ISBN:
(纸本)9798331523534
Based on the basic structure of transmission and distribution network, this chapter analyzes the output characteristics of dispatchable resources such as renewable energy, conventional generator set, interruptible load and energy storage device in detail, and establishes the basic model of each dispatchable resource participating in grid dispatching. A global model for the calculation of power flow of transmission and distribution collaboration is established. When calculating power flow of transmission network, the equivalent load of distribution network is processed as constant value; when power flow calculation of distribution network is required, the power grid is often processed as equivalent voltage source [1]-[2]. After the distributed power is injected into the distribution system, the distributed model is used to describe the transmission and distribution cooperative system, and the global power flow is calculated by alternating iteration between the transmission and distribution system. Finally, two kinds of solving algorithms are analyzed through a numerical example to verify that when the distributed power supply is connected to the distribution network, the appropriate A-node serial number is selected, which makes the power flow calculation convergence performance of the transmission and distribution collaborative system better, effectively meets the power flow calculation requirements of the transmission and distribution network in practical applications, and provides theoretical and model basis for the subsequent research on the collaborative optimization of transmission and distribution network.
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