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Plant tropisms as a window on plant computational processes

NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021年第4期229卷 1911-1916页

作者： Meroz, Yasmine Tel Aviv Univ Sch Plant Sci & Food Secur IL-6997801 Tel Aviv Israel

Plants are living information-processing organisms with highly adaptive behavior, allowing them to prosper in a harsh and fluctuating environment in spite of being sessile. Lacking a central nervous system, plants are distributed systems orchestrating complex computational processes performed at the tissue level. Here I consider plant tropisms as a useful input-output system boasting a robust mathematical description, naturally permitting a dialogue between mathematical modeling and biological observations. I propose tropisms as an ideal framework for the study of plant computational processes, allowing us to infer the relationship between observed tropic responses and known stimuli. I concentrate on macroscopic models, and elucidate this approach by presenting recent examples focusing on computational processes involved at different hierarchical levels of interactions: a plant's interaction with itself and its internal state, with the abiotic environment, and with neighboring plants.

关键词： computational processes distributed systems information‐ processing mathematical models plant tropisms

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Method and Algorithm of Successive Approximation Analog-to-Digital Conversion of Information in Management Systems 14

Method and Algorithm of Successive Approximation Analog-to-D...

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14th International Conference on Advanced Computer Information Technologies, ACIT 2024

作者： Petryshyn, Lubomyr Petryshyn, Mykhailo Agh University of Krakow Dept. of Enterprise Management Krakow Poland Precarpathian National University Dept. of Computer Science and Information Systems Ivano-Frankivsk Ukraine

ISBN: (纸本)9798350350036

Modeling methods and algorithms for analog-to-digital conversion of information in control systems are significant components in the development and design of devices for analog signals digitizing. This process involves several steps, including sampling, quantization, and encoding, to convert continuous signals into a digital format that can be easily manipulated and analyzed by digital *** quest to enhance the speed of converters is driven by the ever-increasing demand for rapid and efficient data processing. The research into additive successive approximation methods has yielded a novel approach: bitwise balancing. This innovative method, supported by a robust mathematical model, promises to revolutionize analog-to-digital conversion by significantly reducing the conversion time. The empirical analysis suggests that this reduction could range from 6 to 25 %, marking a substantial improvement over existing methods. This breakthrough shows not only the potential for faster data processing but also sets a new direction for the development of technical apparatuses designed for swift information form conversion. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： additive method algorithm analog-to-digital conversion computational processes management information systems mathematical representations successive approximation

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How semantic knowledge enhances word recognition? New evidence from struggling readers performances

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APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-CHILD 2022年第4期11卷 734-739页

作者： Taha, Haitham Acad Coll Western Galilee Dept Educ & Learning Disabil IL-2412101 Akko Israel Sakhnin Coll Teacher Educ Learning Disabil Dept Sakhnin Israel Univ Haifa Edmond J Safra Brain Res Ctr Learning Disabil Haifa Israel

The current study examined the contribution of semantic knowledge to the process of reading aloud unfamiliar words among thirty non-typical readers from third grade. The performances of reading aloud were tested by using three lists of pseudowords: semantic, phonological, and un-trained. For each pseudoword in the list of semantic condition, an invented meaning was matched, and the participants orally trained to learn such invented meaning. For the list of the phonological condition, the participants were orally taught the pronunciation of the pseudowords only, while the third list of pseudowords was not trained at all. After the training phase, the subjects were examined by reading aloud the pseudowords which were presented randomly. For all lists of the pseudowords, there was no orthographic exposure before the reading trial. The findings showed that the higher levels of accuracy were significantly recorded for the semantic condition as compared to the other conditions, without a significant difference in the reading rate between all the conditions. The current findings were discussed in the context of the contribution of semantic activation to reading aloud of written words.

关键词： computational processes phonological activation reading struggling readers semantic activation

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Plants sum and subtract stimuli over different timescales

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2023年第42期120卷 e2306655120-e2306655120页

作者： Riviere, Mathieu Meroz, Yasmine Tel Aviv Univ Fac Life Sci Sch Plant Sci & Food Secur IL-6997801 Tel Aviv Israel

Mounting evidence suggests that plants engage complex computational processes to quantify and integrate sensory information over time, enabling remarkable adaptive growth strategies. However, quantitative understanding of these computational processes is limited. We report experiments probing the dependence of gravitropic responses of wheat coleoptiles on previous stimuli. First, building on a mathematical model that identifies this dependence as a form of memory, or a filter, we use experimental observations to reveal the mathematical principles of how coleoptiles integrate multiple stimuli over time. Next, we perform two-stimulus experiments, informed by model predictions, to reveal fundamental computational processes. We quantitatively show that coleoptiles respond not only to sums but also to differences between stimuli over different timescales, constituting evidence that plants can compare stimuli-crucial for search and regulation processes. These timescales also coincide with oscillations observed in gravitropic responses of wheat coleoptiles, suggesting shoots may combine memory and movement in order to enhance posture control and sensing capabilities.

关键词： plant tropism mathematical model memory computational processes control theory

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Simplified hybrid space vector modulation for multilevel diode clamped converter

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IET POWER ELECTRONICS 2020年第17期13卷 3861-3870页

作者： Bouzidi, Mansour Barkat, Said Krama, Abdelbasset Univ Kasdi Merbah Dept Elect & Commun Ouargla 30000 Algeria Univ Msila Elect Engn Lab Msila 28000 Algeria El Oued Univ Elect Engn Dept LEVRES Lab El Oued 39000 Algeria Texas A&M Univ Qatar Elect & Comp Engn Dept POB 23874 Doha 77874 Qatar

This study proposes a new simplified hybrid space vector modulation (HSVM) algorithm for multilevel diode clamped converter (DCC). The main idea consists in combining the advantages of both space vector modulation (SVM) algorithms synthesised in abc and alpha beta coordinates to establish a new hybrid, simplified and generalised SVM algorithm. The HSVM algorithm offers a simple method to compute the duration time, automatic generation of all redundant states of the adjacent switching vectors without triangles identification stage and switching sequence definition for any DCC level. Moreover, all the computational processes are performed in one unique sector thanks to the proposed new reference voltage vector defined in abc-coordinates. The proposed algorithm does not require any coordinates transformation or lookup tables. Also, it can be implemented with minimum computational burden using a low resources digital platform. The proposed HSVM is verified through MATLAB simulation and validated experimentally using three-level DCC laboratory prototype. For high-level DDC, the HSVM is tested in real time using hardware-in-the loop testing technology. Different case studies are performed to demonstrate the high performance of the proposed HSVM and its ability in lowering the computational resources requirement.

关键词： support vector machines table lookup torque control field programmable gate arrays matrix algebra PWM power convertors Matlab multilevel diode simplified hybrid space vector modulation algorithm space vector modulation algorithms abc coordinates alpha beta coordinates simplified SVM algorithm generalised SVM algorithm HSVM algorithm adjacent switching vectors triangles identification stage switching sequence definition DCC level computational processes reference voltage vector abc-coordinates coordinates transformation minimum computational burden three-level DCC laboratory prototype computational resources requirement

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Visible Thinking: A Distributed Cognitive Process to Self-Manage Cognitive Load

Visible Thinking: A Distributed Cognitive Process to Self-Ma...

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作者： Peterson, J. J CONSORTIUM OF UNIVERSITIES WASHINGTON ALEXANDRIA VA ARMY RESEARCH INST FOR THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES FORT BELVOIR VA Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences FORT BELVOIR VA

To make informed decisions, U.S. Army leaders must process large amounts of information, filtering it for relevance, and then synthesizing it to understand the operational environment. Identifying relevant information and processing the interdependences of that information can be cognitively challenging. This report summarizes recent literature related to reducing cognitive demand and increasing understanding of complicated information. The construct of visible thinking is introduced as a distributed cognitive process that reduces cognitive demand by externally representing thoughts in an observable manner to support further thought and communication. Visible thinking helps disperse information through underutilized processing channels to integrate information and develop new insights. The goal of engaging in visible thinking is to make more informed decisions by better understanding complicated information.

关键词： Psychology Cognition Cognitive science Information processing Information science Educational psychology Social sciences Thinking Systems engineering Accuracy Behavioral sciences computational processes Data analysis Education Human behavior Instructions Military research New york Perception Reliability

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Simulation, Signal Extraction, and Augmented Visualization for 3D BOSS Data: APL -UW Buried Object Scanning sonar (BOSS) Data Processing Framework Overview

Simulation, Signal Extraction, and Augmented Visualization f...

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作者： Marston, T Washington Univ Seattle Applied Physics Lab STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM ALEXANDRIA VA

The goal of this code is to:-Parse binary data files captured by a buried object scanning sonar into a simple Matlab structure containing raw sonar data, pulse and system information.-Perform basic operations like pulse compression and real-aperture beamforming to improve the SNR and detect region's of interest in the data-Geo-locate detected regions in latitude, so that different looks of the some target captured by different scans can be compared-Perform phase-preserving SAS processing on regions of interest so that acoustic color spectra can be observed, allowing feature extraction for machine learning and target classification.

关键词： Machine learning Pulse compression Scanning sonar Target classification Buried objects Feature extraction Classification Compression Scanning Sonar computational processes Computing-related activities Dimensionality reduction Extraction Image processing Latitude

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Intelligent Learning

Intelligent Learning

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作者： Vapnik,Vladimir, THE TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK NEW YORK United States

The report considers general machine learning models, where knowledge transfer is positioned as the main method to improve their convergence properties. Previous research was focused on mechanisms of knowledge transfer in the context of SVM framework the report shows that this mechanism is applicable to neural network framework as well. The report describes several general approaches for knowledge transfer in both SVM and ANN frameworks and illustrates algorithmic implementations and performance of one of these approaches for several synthetic examples.

关键词： Supervised machine learning Data analysis Machine learning Big data Artificial neural networks Distance learning Data mining Artificial intelligence computing Artificial intelligence software Applied computer science Artificial intelligence computational processes Computing-related activities Convergence Data science Digital information Svm(support vector machine) Big data analytics Frame based knowledge representation Distributed learning

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Emergence of Coding and its Specificity as a Physico-Informatic Problem

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ORIGINS OF LIFE AND EVOLUTION OF BIOSPHERES 2015年第1-2期45卷 249-255页

作者： Wills, Peter R. Nieselt, Kay McCaskill, John S. Univ Auckland Dept Phys Auckland 1142 New Zealand Univ Tubingen Ctr Bioinformat Integrat Transcript D-72076 Tubingen Germany Ruhr Univ Bochum Microsyst Chem & BioIT BioMIP Fac Chem & Biochem D-44801 Bochum Germany

We explore the origin-of-life consequences of the view that biological systems are demarcated from inanimate matter by their possession of referential information, which is processed computationally to control choices of specific physico-chemical events. Cells are cybernetic: they use genetic information in processes of communication and control, subjecting physical events to a system of integrated governance. The genetic code is the most obvious example of how cells use information computationally, but the historical origin of the usefulness of molecular information is not well understood. Genetic coding made information useful because it imposed a modular metric on the evolutionary search and thereby offered a general solution to the problem of finding catalysts of any specificity. We use the term "quasispecies symmetry breaking" to describe the iterated process of self-organisation whereby the alphabets of distinguishable codons and amino acids increased, step by step.

关键词： Referential information computational processes Genetic coding General solutions Quasispecies symmetry breaking

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Frontiers in Human Neuroscience: The Golden Triangle and Beyond

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PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2010年第6期5卷 767-771页

作者： Decety, Jean Cacioppo, John Univ Chicago Ctr Cognit & Social Neurosci Dept Psychol Chicago IL 60637 USA

The development and application of neuroimaging methods offers powerful means to study brain functions, but the resulting knowledge is more likely to be beneficial when combined with conceptual analyses that decompose complex psychological constructs into component structures, representations, processes, and computations;converging measures that gauge neural events at different temporal and spatial scales;behavioral measures that permit fine-grain analyses of brain-behavior associations;and experimental (e.g., lesion studies and/or transcranial magnetic stimulation) and nonhuman animal studies that test the putative role of specific brain structures, circuits, or processes. In addition, quantitative meta-analyses are important to move beyond idiosyncrasies of individual studies, and neurodevelopmental investigations can contribute to our understanding of brain-behavior associations.

关键词： social neuroscience functional neuroimaging neurodevelopment meta-analyses lesion studies computational processes

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