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computational wind engineering and its application in civil engineering. Aerodynamic and aeroelastic analysis

REVISTA INTERNACIONAL DE METODOS NUMERICOS PARA CALCULO Y DISENO EN INGENIERIA 2015年第1期31卷 55-64页

作者： Awruch, A. M. Braun, A. L. Greco, M. Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul PPGEC Porto Alegre RS Brazil Univ Fed Minas Gerais Programa Posgrad Engn Estruturas Belo Horizonte MG Brazil

Experimental tests in wind tunnels have been traditionally employed as a fundamental tool to evaluate aerodynamic and aeroelastic effects due to wind action on civil engineering structures, such as bridges and slender buildings. In the last decades, due to the versatility presented by numerical methods to change physical as well as geometrical parameters, numerical simulation has become a very attractive tool. computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), computational Structural Dynamics (CSD) together with Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) techniques are employed in aerodynamic and aeroelastic analysis in several engineering fields. Aerodynamic and aeroelastic behavior due to wind action on the Guama River Bridge, located at Para State, Brazil, is first studied, taking into account experimental tests performed in the wind Tunnel Joaquim Blessman of the Building Aerodynamic Laboratory, UFRGS. Numerical procedures are used to simulate experimental tests in order to determine aerodynamic and aeroelastic characteristics of the bridge, which is idealized by sectional models. Finally, an aeroelastic analysis of a flexible slender building is presented. Good results are obtained using numerical simulation, when compared with experimental tests. (C) 2013 CIMNE (Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya). Published by Elsevier Espa (n) over tildea, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

关键词： computational wind engineering computational fluid dynamics computational structural dynamics Aerodynamics Aeroelasticity

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Appropriate boundary conditions for computational wind engineering: Still an issue after 25 years

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JOURNAL OF wind engineering AND INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS 2019年 190卷 245-255页

作者： Richards, Peter J. Norris, Stuart E. Univ Auckland Dept Mech Engn Auckland New Zealand

The problems associated with creating a Horizontally Homogeneous Atmospheric Boundary Layer (HHABL) model in computational wind engineering (CWE) are discussed. In order to achieve this it is important that ALL the conservation equations are in equilibrium. Previous papers have often focussed more on the turbulence property conservation equations, whereas the most common mistake is in not balancing the streamwise momentum equation. This paper primarily focuses on the required balance between the shear stress and the pressure gradient in a HHABL and the consequential impact on the turbulence profiles. The complex nature of the balance of forces and accelerations in the real atmosphere is discussed and it is shown that the surface layer can be modelled as a planar flow, partially driven by the pressure gradient and partially by the shear stress. It is also noted that in the surface layer, where diffusion of Turbulence Kinetic Energy (TKE) is relatively weak, the TKE profile is strongly related to the shear stress profile. The errors associated with basing inlet conditions on a subset of the conservation equations is investigated by analysing one set of profiles which are derived from the TKE conservation equation in isolation. The use of experimental data as inlet conditions is discussed, particularly in relation to the higher levels of TKE in the atmosphere compared to that suggested by the standard turbulence model constants.

关键词： computational wind engineering Appropriate boundary conditions Atmospheric boundary layer

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Review of OpenFOAM applications in the computational wind engineering: from wind environment to wind structural engineering

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MECCANICA 2024年 1-41页

作者： Ricci, Alessio Univ Sch Adv Studies IUSS Dept Sci Technol & Soc Pavia Italy Eindhoven Univ Technol Dept Built Environm Bldg Phys & Serv Eindhoven Netherlands

The use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in the wind engineering (WE) is generally defined as computational wind engineering (CWE). Since its foundation in 2004, the use of OpenFOAM in CWE has been increasing progressively and covers nowadays a wide range of topics, from wind environment to wind structural engineering. This paper was drafted in response to the invitation from the organizers of the 18th OpenFOAM workshop held in Genoa (Italy) on 11-14 July 2023, when a technical session on Civil engineering and wind engineering was organized. In this paper the author briefly reviews the history of WE and surveys the evolution, methods, and future challenges of OpenFOAM in the CWE. Topics are here regrouped into three main research areas and discussed from a physical, engineering and purely computational perspective. The study does not cover the wind Energy and related topics, since this can be considered nowadays as a stand-alone subfield of the WE. This review confirms that OpenFOAM is a versatile tool widely used for WE applications that often require new models to be developed ad hoc by CFD users. It can be coupled easily with numerical weather prediction models for mesoscale-microscale wind and thermal studies, with building energy simulation models to determine the energy demand, with finite element method for structural engineering design. OpenFOAM represents an extraordinary opportunity for all CFD users worldwide to share codes and case studies, to explore the potential of new functionalities and strengthen the network within the CFD community.

关键词： Review OpenFOAM computational wind engineering Mesoscale Built environment Structural engineering

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Multiscale finite element method applied to detached-eddy simulation for computational wind engineering

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wind AND STRUCTURES 2013年第1期17卷 1-19页

作者： Zhang, Yue Khurram, Rooh A. Habashi, Wagdi G. McGill Univ Dept Mech Engn NSERC J Armand Bombardier Ind Res Chair Multi Dis CFD Lab Montreal PQ H3A 2S6 Canada

A multiscale finite element method is applied to the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model based detached-eddy simulation (DES). The multiscale arises from a decomposition of the scalar field into coarse (resolved) and fine (unresolved) scales. It corrects the lack of stability of the standard Galerkin formulation by modeling the scales that cannot be resolved by a given spatial discretization. The stabilization terms appear naturally and the resulting formulation provides effective stabilization in turbulent computations, where reaction-dominated effects strongly influence near-wall predictions. The multiscale DES is applied in the context of high-Reynolds flow over the Commonwealth Advisory Aeronautical Council (CAARC) standard tall building model, for both uniform and turbulent inflows. Time-averaged pressure coefficients on the exterior walls are compared with experiments and it is demonstrated that DES is able to resolve the turbulent features of the flow and accurately predict the surface pressure distributions under atmospheric boundary layer flows.

关键词： multiscale method detached-eddy simulation computational wind engineering inflow turbulence generation CAARC model

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Codes and standards on computational wind engineering for structural design: State of art and recent trends

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wind AND STRUCTURES 2023年第2期37卷 133-151页

作者： Bruno, Luca Coste, Nicolas Mannini, Claudio Mariotti, Alessandro Patruno, Luca Schito, Paolo Vairo, Giuseppe Politecn Torino Dept Architecture & Design Viale Mattioli 39 I-10131 Turin Italy Optiflow Co 160 Chem De La Madrague Ville F-13015 Marseille France Univ Florence Dept Civil & Environm Engn Via Santa Marta 3 I-50139 Florence Italy Univ Pisa Dept Civil & Ind Engn Largo Lucio Lazzarino 2 I-56122 Pisa Italy Dept Civil Chem Environm & Mat Engn Viale Risorgimento 2 I-40136 Bologna Italy Politecn Milan Dept Mech Engn Via La Masa 1 I-20156 Milan Italy Univ Roma Tor Vergata Dept Civil Engn & Comp Sci Via Politecn 1 I-00133 Rome Italy

This paper first provides a wide overview about the design codes and standards covering the use of computational wind engineering / computational Fluid Dynamics (CWE/CFD) for wind-sensitive structures and built environment. Second, the paper sets out the basic assumptions and underlying concepts of the new Annex T "Simulations by computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD/CWE)" of the revised version "Guide for the assessment of wind actions and effects on structures" issued by the Advisory Committee on Technical Recommendations for Constructions of the Italian National Research Council in February 2019 and drafted by the members of the Special Interest Group on computational wind engineering of the Italian Association for wind engineering (ANIV-CWE). The same group is currently advising UNI CT021/SC1 in supporting the drafting of the new Annex K - "Derivation of design parameters from wind tunnel tests and numerical simulations" of the revised Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-4: General actions - wind actions. Finally, the paper outlines the subjects most open to development at the technical and applicative level.

关键词： best practices codes and standards computational wind engineering Eurocode PrEN 1991-1-4 2021-Annex K Guide CNR-DT 207-R1/2018-Annex T

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On the impact of anisotropic mesh adaptation on computational wind engineering

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS 2010年第7期63卷 877-886页

作者： Aube, Martin S. Habashi, Wagdi G. Wang, Hongzhi Torok, Dennis Newmer Technol Int Montreal PQ H3A 2M7 Canada McGill Univ CFD Lab Montreal PQ H3A 2S6 Canada Newmer Technol Int Minneapolis MN 55416 USA

This paper addresses the critical issue of the accuracy of CFD predictions for wind engineering. Flows around the Silsoe Cube, a high-rise building (the Jin Mao Tower), and a low-rise large-span building (the Pudong International Airport) are computed with the Navier Stokes solver FENSAP and compared with measurements. Computations are carried out for two wind directions, by solving the steady-state ensemble-averaged Navier Stokes equations with the Spalart Allmaras one-equation turbulence model. Pressure coefficients compare well with wind tunnel experiments and the accuracy of the flow solutions is further improved via an automatic mesh adaptation that dynamically places grid points where the flow physics require them, while keeping the number of unknowns and solution time substantially at the same level. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： computational wind engineering finite element method mesh adaptation high-rise building low-rise building boundary layer wind tunnel

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New inflow boundary conditions for modelling the neutral equilibrium atmospheric boundary layer in computational wind engineering

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JOURNAL OF wind engineering AND INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS 2009年第2期97卷 88-95页

作者： Yang, Yi Gu, Ming Chen, Suqin Jin, Xinyang Tongji Univ State Key Lab Disaster Reduct Civil Engn Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China Shantou Univ Dept Civil Engn Shantou 515063 Peoples R China Tongji Univ Dept Math Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Bldg Struct Beijing 100013 Peoples R China

Modelling neutral equilibrium atmospheric boundary layers (ABL) in CFD is an important aspect in computational wind engineering (CWE) applications. In this paper, new inflow boundary conditions are introduced from the viewpoint that these boundary conditions should satisfy the turbulence model employed. The new set of inflow turbulence boundary conditions is an approximate solution to the standard k-epsilon model transport equations. The capability of these boundary conditions to produce an equilibrium ABL is demonstrated by performing numerical simulations in an empty domain. The new inflow turbulence boundary conditions in this paper support future practical applications in CWE and future research in modelling equilibrium ABLs. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： computational wind engineering Self-sustainable equilibrium atmospheric boundary layer Boundary conditions Standard k-epsilon model RANS

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Appropriate boundary conditions for computational wind engineering models revisited

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JOURNAL OF wind engineering AND INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS 2011年第4期99卷 257-266页

作者： Richards, P. J. Norris, S. E. Univ Auckland Auckland 1 New Zealand

At the first computational wind engineering conference in 1992 "Appropriate boundary conditions for computational wind engineering models using the kappa-epsilon turbulence model" were proposed. In this paper it is shown that these conditions can be directly derived by treating the onset flow as a horizontally homogeneous turbulent surface layer, with the flow being driven by a shear stress at the top boundary. This approach is extended to provide the inlet profiles and boundary conditions appropriate for modelling the flow using the standard kappa-epsilon., RNG kappa-epsilon, Wilcox kappa-omega and LRR QI turbulence models. Means for their application within the commercial CFD code CFX 12.0 are given. It is shown that within the flow the various turbulence model constants set the effective value of von Karman's constant, which does vary slightly between models. The discrepancy between the turbulence level set by the standard turbulence model constants and that observed in the atmosphere is discussed. Problems with excessive turbulence generation near the ground and the over-prediction of stagnation pressures are discussed and possible solutions proposed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： computational wind engineering Boundary conditions Equilibrium boundary layer RANS models Turbulence models

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computational wind engineering: 30 years of research progress in building structures and environment

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JOURNAL OF wind engineering AND INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS 2023年第1期234卷

作者： Potsis, Theodore Tominaga, Yoshihide Stathopoulos, Ted Concordia Univ Dept Bldg Civil & Environm Engn Montreal PQ H3G 1M8 Canada Niigata Inst Technol Wind & Fluid Engn Res Ctr 1719 Fujihashi Kashiwazaki Japan

The paper reviews the evolution of computational wind engineering from environmental and structural per-spectives, since the inaugural conference of computational wind engineering held in Tokyo 30 years ago (CWE 92). The progress in computational methodologies and important aspects for accurate analysis are discussed. As a groundwork for the application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to various environmental issues, the importance of accurate modeling of atmospheric boundary layer, urban boundary layer, and urban canopy layer is pronounced. Environmental applications refer to urban micro-climate, pedestrian level wind, near-field pollutant dispersion, natural and urban ventilation, urban wind energy and snow/sand erosion and accumula-tion. Structural applications refer to wind loading on low-and high-rise buildings, including wind directionality. The most seminal contributions are examined, and their results are presented. It becomes clear that the engi-neering community has gained more benefits from environmental than structural computational wind engi-neering applications, mainly due to the usually less demanding computational needs for the former. Future challenges in CFD applications are thoroughly discussed and the need to bridge the gap between environmental and structural applications is highlighted.

关键词： CFD wind loads Environmental wind engineering computational wind engineering Structural wind engineering

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computational wind engineering of a Mast-supported Tensile Structure

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PERIODICA POLYTECHNICA-CIVIL engineering 2022年第1期66卷 210-219页

作者： Blanco, Sherly Joanna Pool Hincz, Krisztian Budapest Univ Technol & Econ Dept Struct Mech Fac Civil Engn POB 91 H-1521 Budapest Hungary

The computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis of wind actions on a cube and on the hyperbolic surface of a mast-supported tensile structure is presented. As standard in computational wind engineering (CWE) the models were analyzed in incompressible fluid flow. For the CWE study, the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations were solved with two of the most widely used turbulence models, Realizable k-epsilon and SST k-omega. The validation of the CWE models included the comparison of the numerically determined pressure coefficient fields with existing wind Tunnel test (WT) results. The membrane forces and the displacements of the membrane roof were calculated by the Dynamic Relaxation Method (DRM), corresponding to the different (CWE and WT) pressure coefficient fields of the tensile roof. In addition to the pressure coefficients, the membrane force and the displacement fields and their significant values were also compared. It is presented that both turbulence models provide a suitable solution;the pressure coefficients and the membrane forces are also acceptable approaches to the experimental results.

关键词： tensile membrane structures computational wind engineering wind actions pressure coefficients

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