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computerized Classification of Neurologic Injury Based on the International Standards for Classification of Spinal Cord Injury

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JOURNAL OF SPINAL CORD MEDICINE 2009年第5期32卷 532-537页

作者： Chafetz, Ross S. Prak, Seyla Mulcahey, M. J. Shriners Hosp Children Philadelphia PA 19140 USA

Background/Objective: To develop and test a computer program to accurately score International Standards for Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISCSCI) examinations. Methods: A computer program was written following the algorithm published in the ISCSCI 2003 manual. Two methods were used to test the computer program's accuracy. First, 94 hand-scored examinations representing 25 different patients were entered into the program. Differences between hand-scored examinations and computer-scored examinations were evaluated for accuracy. Second, all case examples from the ISCSCI manual were entered into the computer program to verify its accuracy. Results: Of the 94 hand-scored examinations, the computer detected all incorrectly scored examinations. Furthermore, the computer scoring agreed with every examination's scores that were correctly calculated by hand. Of the hand-scored examinations, 10% of sensory total scores and 4% of motor scores were incorrect. For sensory level and motor level, there were errors in 9% and 26% of hand-scored examinations, respectively;13% of hand-scored examinations had incorrectly assigned ASIA Impairment Scale classification. Conclusion: This study showed that the computer program we developed was effective in correctly scoring ISCSCI examinations and was able to detect errors in hand-scored examinations.

关键词： Spinal cord injuries Children Classification International Standards for Classification of Spinal Cord Injury Validity Reliability computer algorithm Physical examination

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IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF DOMAINS IN PROTEINS

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PROTEIN ENGINEERING 1995年第6期8卷 513-525页

作者： ISLAM, SA LUO, JC STERNBERG, MJE IMPERIAL CANC RES FUND BIOMOLEC MODELLING LABLONDON WC2A 3PXENGLAND

An automatic algorithm based on inter-residue contacts is presented to identify domains in proteins. The results of the algorithm are compared to an assignment performed by inspection that was guided by the authors' description in the literature. The authors) and the algorithm's assignments for a chain were considered to agree if the same number of domains were identified and if the assignments were the same for at least 95% of the residues. With this criterion, the algorithm agreed with the authors' assignment for 78% of the 284 non-redundant chains considered, When some of the authors' assignments were re-evaluated based on the results of the algorithm, an agreement of 84% was obtained. The algorithm is therefore a useful tool for data validation in domain assignment. The authors assignments of domains were analysed for structural principles of domains. The number of chains forming one, two, three, four and five domains are 197, 67, 13, 6 and 1 respectively. Most domains in multidomain proteins are formed from continuous segments and adopt the same structural class. Distributions of the number of residues and the ellipticity of domains and chains are presented. The relationship between accessible surface area and molecular weight for domains and chains is examined.

关键词： computer algorithm DATABASE FOLDING UNITS PROTEIN STRUCTURE

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AN ANALYTICAL METHOD OF PREDICTING LEE-KESLER-PLOCKER EQUATION-OF-STATE BINARY INTERACTION COEFFICIENTS

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS 1995年第6期16卷 1393-1411页

作者： LABINOV, SD SAND, JR OAK RIDGE NATL LAB DIV ENERGYOAK RIDGETN 37831 THERMODYNAM CTR KIEVUKRAINE

An analytical method is proposed for finding numerical values of binary interaction coefficients for the Lee-Kesler-Plocker (LKP) equation of state. The method is based on solving simultaneous equations from Plocker's mixing rules for pseudocritical parameters of a mixture and the Lee-Kesler equation for the saturation line. For mixtures of hydrocarbons containing from two to nine carbon atoms, the divergence between calculated and experimentally based interaction coefficients (ICs) is no more than +/-0.4%. The method is extended to mixtures of polar substances. For polar mixtures, an effective molar composition concept is introduced which takes into account the impact of dipole moments on the process of molecular associations. Formulas for finding the effective molar composition of mixtures containing polar and/or nonpolar constituents and the binary interaction coefficient (kappa(ij)) based on this effective composition and pure component properties are shown. Calculated kappa(ij) values for 12 binary mixtures of polar substances differ by 0.4% or less from corresponding kappa(ij) values obtained by processing experimental data on saturated pressure (P-s) and saturated temperature (T-s) lines for these same mixtures. A simplified alternative kappa(ij) approximation method with an error (2-5%) is also given for mixtures of polar substances.

关键词： computer algorithm BINARY INTERACTION COEFFICIENT EQUATION OF STATE MIXTURE NONPOLAR AND POLAR SUBSTANCES THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES REDUCED PROPERTIES

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Toward an algorithmic Control Theory

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JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS 2017年第2期40卷 194-196页

作者： Tsiotras, Panagiotis Mesbahi, Mehran Georgia Inst Technol Daniel Guggenheim Sch Aerosp Engn Atlanta GA 30332 USA Univ Washington William M Boeing Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Seattle WA 98195 USA

The February 2017 Special Issue of Journal of Guidance, Control and Dynamics discusses papers that reflect some of the current trends in control community that best represent novel intersections of aerospace guidance and control and computation. the paper by AcAÇikmesAÇe and colleagues and the paper by Scharf and colleagues aim to explore the adoption of convex optimization and custom solvers based on interior point algorithms for powered descent guidance. In the same vein, the paper by Nicotra and colleagues examines the adoption of convex optimization for fast reference governors. Real-time nonlinear optimal control provides the backbone of the contributions by Lu and colleagues, Adurthi and colleagues, Sagliano and colleagues, Ferranti and Keviczky, De La Torre and colleagues, Zidek and Kolmanovsky, and finally by Liu and colleagues. All these papers examine topics ranging from entry guidance, onboard trajectory generation, predictive flight control, trajectory optimization for autonomous suspended load operations, computational optimal control with disturbance, and guidance for constrained impact. Approximate dynamic programming in the context of nonlinear adaptive control is discussed in the paper by Zhou and colleagues, whereas MPC-based approaches with embedded convex optimization solvers are the subject of the contributions by Lee and Mesbahi, Lee and colleagues, and Petersen and colleagues, with applications in constrained landing, underactuated spacecraft, and constrained attitude control with reaction wheels, respectively. The extension of MPC in the context of model predictive path integral control is explored in the paper byWilliams and colleagues, which also examines parallel implementations. Finally, a semi-analytic approach is examined in the paper by Gerlach and Doman for ballistic airdrops.

关键词： Nonlinear Adaptive Control Feedback Control Convex Optimization Powered Descent Guidance computer algorithm Trajectory Optimization Information Processing Computational Fluid Dynamics Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Numerical algorithms

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ELIMINATION OF INTERFERENCES IN SPECTRAL DATA

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APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 1989年第7期43卷 1135-1139页

作者： LACEY, RF Hewlett-Packard Laboratories P.O. Box 10490 Palo Alto California 94303-0971

A general-purpose method for eliminating one or more interferences from spectra in a completely objective way is described. The method, called least-squares subtraction, depends only on the linearity of the spectra and the linear independence of the analyte's spectrum from those of the interferences. The spectrum that results after correction is modified from the spectrum of the pure analyte, but it can still be used for quantitation and identification. Because of this modification, the method is best applied to problems where the presence of the analyte is obscured by the interferences, or when fast, automatic removal of one or more time-varying interferences from a series of spectra is required. The method is illustrated by the removal of a strong interference from the ATR measurement of the infrared spectrum of an enzyme-substrate complex and the removal of a changing chromatographic baseline from the output of a liquid chromatograph's diode array detector.

关键词： Spectral subtraction Baseline correction computer algorithm Automatic correction

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COLLABORATIVE TECHNIQUES IN MODAL-ANALYSIS

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JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS 1985年第6期8卷 782-785页

作者： AMIROUCHE, ML HUSTON, RL UNIV CINCINNATI DEPT MECH & IND ENGNCINCINNATIOH 45221

This note presents a new hybrid procedure for determining vibration characteristics of a large structure. The procedure combines modal analysis techniques with recently developed techniques of finite-segment modeling. Kane's equations are used to obtain the governing equations of motion. The procedure is applicable with structures having either linear or nonlinear flexibility and damping characteristics.

关键词： Modal Analysis Finite Element Analysis Damping Coefficient Six Degree of Freedom Structural Dynamics Bending Moment Flexible Structures Structural System computer algorithm Closed Loop System

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DEPLETION-REGION WIDTH OF P-N-JUNCTION UNDER HIGH FORWARD-BIAS CONDITIONS

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS-LONDON 1979年第5期126卷 361-364页

作者： JAIN, LC GARUD, GN Department of Electrical Engineering Visvesvaraya Regional College of Engineering Nagpur India

A new technique is used for the accurate analysis of linearly graded and Gaussian-gradedp-njunctions, which permits calculation of the depletion-region width under high forward-bias conditions. Such an analysis is very useful for applications in which one wishes to analyse a complete junction-device structure (such as a bipolar transistor). The results obtained represent a considerable improvement in space-charge modelling over previous approaches to approximate linear analysis. The computer algorithm is discussed as a solution process for implementing the scheme.

关键词： linearly graded semiconductor device models Semiconductor device modelling, equivalent circuits, design and testing approximate linear analysis Electronic engineering computing computer algorithm depletion region width under high forward bias conditions electronic engineering computing p-n junctions Semiconductor junctions space charge modelling Gaussian graded

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Evaluation of an algorithm for interpreting atomic absorption data

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SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY 1999年第3-4期54卷 571-580页

作者： Prewett, W Promphutha, M Chiang Mai Univ Dept Geol Sci Fac Sci Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand

Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry has been used for testing the algorithm of a computer program used for interpreting photoabsorptiometric data. Four attributes namely: maximum permissible range of calibration;maximum permissible spacing between calibration points;accuracy of standard additions extrapolation;and speed of computation were tested. The calibration range for copper, can extend to 500 times the characteristic concentration while keeping biases less than +/- 1 S.D. unit. For nickel and lead, the limit is 100 units of characteristic concentration. This permits measurement within the range of minimum cv. An Intel 80486DX microprocessor calculates all coefficients on a 255-point data set within 0.12 s. The algorithm gives an accurate regression fit and it is suggested that it might usefully be incorporated into modern AAS equipment. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： characteristic concentration calibration Beer-Lambert law computer algorithm

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Special classes of snarks

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ACTA APPLICANDAE MATHEMATICAE 2003年第1期76卷 57-88页

作者： Cavicchioli, A Murgolo, TE Ruini, B Spaggiari, F Univ Modena Dipartimento Matemat Pura & Applicata I-41100 Modena Italy

We report the most relevant results on the classification, up to isomorphism, of nontrivial simple uncolorable (i.e., the chromatic index equals 4) cubic graphs, called snarks in the literature. Then we study many classes of snarks satisfying certain additional conditions, and investigate the relationships among them. Finally, we discuss connections between the snark family and some significant conjectures of graph theory, and list some problems and open questions which arise naturally in this research.

关键词： simple cubic graphs chromatic index girth cyclic edge-connectivity snarks almost-Hamiltonian snarks hypo-Hamiltonian snarks critical snarks irreducible snarks total colorings total chromatic number flows computer algorithm

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Degradation of sulfadiazine by UV/Oxone: roles of reactive oxidative species and the formation of disinfection byproducts

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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022年第36期29卷 54407-54420页

作者： Chen, Juxiang Dai, Caiqiong Zhu, Yanping Gao, Yuqiong Chu, Wenhai Gao, Naiyun Wang, Qiongfang Xinjiang Univ Coll Architecture & Civil Engn Urumqi 830017 Peoples R China Donghua Univ Coll Environm Sci & Engn Shanghai 201620 Peoples R China Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Sch Environm & Architecture Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Tongji Univ Coll Environm Sci & Engn State Key Lab Pollut Control & Resource Reuse Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China Shanghai Univ Engn Sci Coll Chem & Chem Engn Shanghai 201600 Peoples R China

Sulfadiazine (SDZ) is a typical persistent sulfonamide antibiotic, which has been widely detected in natural drinking water sources. The degradation of SDZ by UV/Oxone (potassium monopersulfate compound) was explored in this study. The results showed that Cl- can effectively activate PMS to promote rapid degradation of SDZ in the Oxone process by forming chlorine in the system. Radical quenching tests suggested that radical oxidation, including HO center dot, SO4 center dot-, and reactive chlorine species (RCS), played an important role by UV/Oxone. It further verified that concentration and distribution of HO center dot, SO4 center dot-, and RCS were pH-dependent;RCS act as a major contributor at pH 6.0 and pH 7.0 to degrade SDZ in this process. The SDZ degradation rate was firstly increased and then decreased by Cl- and HCO3- (0-10 mM);HA (0-10 mg L-1) exhibited insignificant influence on SDZ degradation. The degradation pathways of SDZ during UV/Oxone and formation pathways of five disinfection byproducts during subsequent chlorination were proposed. The possible DBP precursors formed by SO2 extrusion, hydroxylation, and chlorination of SDZ during UV/Oxone pre-oxidation.

关键词： Sulfadiazine (SDZ) Advanced oxidation process (AOP) Reactive Chlorine species (RCS) Contribution rate computer algorithm

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