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Leveraging Semantics in WordNet to Facilitate the computer-assisted coding of ICD-11

IEEE JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL AND HEALTH INFORMATICS 2020年第5期24卷 1469-1476页

作者： Chen, Donghua Zhang, Runtong Qiu, Robin G. Beijing Jiaotong Univ Sch Econ & Management Dept Informat Management Beijing 100044 Peoples R China Penn State Univ Div Engn & Informat Sci Malvern PA 19355 USA

The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) not only serves as the bedrock for health statistics but also provides a holistic overview of every health aspect of life. This study aims to facilitate the computer-assisted coding of the 11th revision of the ICD (ICD-11) by leveraging the data structures of ICD-11 and semantics in WordNet. First, a computer-assisted coding framework using WordNet and ICD-11 application programming interface (API) is proposed. Secondly, a network based on entity relations in ICD-11 and synonym sets in WordNet, called CodeNet, is developed. Thirdly, an algorithm for generating ICD-11 code candidates from CodeNet with two tuning parameters on the basis of the input of disease-related text is illustrated. Finally, the discharge summaries in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III database and textual information from ICD-11 entities are used to evaluate the proposed method. Experimental results indicate that the proposed coding method achieves a precision of 84% and a recall of 89% relative to a precision of 65% and a recall of 81% achieved with the existing ICD-11 API. The proposed method also outperforms other methods in the literature by reducing a failure rate of up to 8% in ICD-11 coding. The proposed thresholds of similarity and percentage can be applied to tuning the performance of our method to meet different coding needs. In sum, improving the new structures of ICD-11 with the use of semantics in WordNet can help develop more reliable computer-aided coding systems for ICD-11 coders.

关键词： ICD-11 diagnostic information computer-assisted coding semantics WordNet

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computer-assisted clinical coding: A narrative review of the literature on its benefits, limitations, implementation and impact on clinical coding professionals

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HEALTH INFORMATION MANAGEMENT JOURNAL 2020年第1期49卷 5-18页

作者： Campbell, Sharon Giadresco, Katrina La Trobe Univ Bundoora Vic Australia Curtin Univ Perth WA Australia

Background: Information technology has the potential to streamline processes in healthcare for improved efficiency, quality and safety, while reducing costs. computer-assisted clinical coding (CAC) has made it possible to automate the clinical coding process by assigning diagnoses and procedures from electronic sources of clinical documentation. Implementation of CAC requires both investigation of the clinical coding workflow and exploration of how the clinical coding professional's role might change and evolve as a result of this technology. Objective: To examine the benefits and limitations of CAC technology;best practices for CAC adoption;the impact of CAC on traditional coding practices and roles in the inpatient setting. Method: This narrative review explores the current literature available on CAC. Literature indexed in ProQuest, Medline and other relevant sources between January 2006 and June 2017 was considered. Results: A total of 38 journal articles, published dissertations and case studies revealed that CAC has demonstrated value in improving clinical coding accuracy and quality, which can be missed during the manual clinical coding process. Conclusion: Clinical coding professionals should view CAC as an opportunity not a threat. CAC will allow clinical coding professionals to further develop their clinical coding skills and knowledge for future career progression into new roles such as clinical coding editors and clinical coding analysts. Sound change management strategies are essential for successful restructuring of the clinical coding workflows during the implementation of CAC.

关键词： clinical coding health information management knowledge representation (computer) documentation international classification of diseases hospitals health information technology health information management workforce computer-assisted coding automated clinical coding automated medical coding

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Development of Structured ICD-10 and its Application to computer-assisted ICD coding 13

Development of Structured ICD-10 and its Application to Comp...

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13th World Congress on Medical and Health Informatics of International-Medical-Informatics-Association (Medinfo)

作者： Imai, Takeshi Kajino, Masayuki Sato, Megumi Ohe, Kazuhiko Univ Tokyo Grad Sch Med Ctr Dis Biol & Integrat Med Tokyo 1138654 Japan Tokyo Univ Hosp Dept Planning Informat & Management Tokyo Japan Univ Tokyo Grad Sch Med Dept Med Informat Tokyo 1138654 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781607505884

This paper presents: (1) a framework of formal representation of ICD10, which functions as a bridge between ontological information and natural language expressions;and (2) a methodology to use formally described ICD10 for computerassisted ICD coding. First, we analyzed and structurized the meanings of categories in 15 chapters of ICD10. Then we expanded the structured ICD10 (S-ICD10) by adding subordinate concepts and labels derived from Japanese Standard Disease Names. The information model to describe formal representation was refined repeatedly. The resultant model includes 74 types of semantic links. We also developed an ICD coding module based on S-ICD10 and a 'coding Principle,' which achieved high accuracy (> 70%) for four chapters. These results not only demonstrate the basic feasibility of our coding framework but might also inform the development of the information model for formal description framework in the ICD11 revision.

关键词： ICD10 Ontology Knowledge bases Natural language processing computer-assisted coding

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Simple and valid ICD-9/-10- and ICPM-coding with the computer-assisted system "do it" - Experiences after one years practice

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ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ORTHOPADIE UND IHRE GRENZGEBIETE 1997年第6期135卷 528-534页

作者： Deimel, D Hesselschwerdt, HJ Heisel, J Univ Homburg Orthopad Klin D-6650 Homburg Germany

Question by introducing "Fallpauschalen" and "Sonderentgelte" in German healthsystem the coding of diagnoses and therapies gains a new momentum. Therefore, a new computer based coding-system for ICD-and ICPM-digits is presented. The physician gets enabled for simple and valid classification within his documentation routine. Methods: Development of a hierarchic menue system, whose first part represents the anatomic region. The second part is reserved for the most common diagnosis rsp. therapies within its special anatomic region. By further sub-menues all other ICD numbers in the orthopedic and traumatologic field may be coded (selection related by frequency). This coding-system has been in clinical use since jan. Ist. 1995. Results: Control of the efficiency of this coding-systems by 1316 patients with 1551 operations within one year. By using ICD-10, the representation of orthopedic-traumatologic diagnosis inhanced by factor 1,8 versus ICD-9. According to ICPM, 3560 therapies were coded, making it 2-3 actions per operation. "Fallpauschalen" were found in 21,9%, in 27,7% there were "Sonderentgelte" Within one year the coding error rate was reduced from 25% to 5%. Conclusions: Because of its easy handling the coding system "do it" represents a good alternative to conventional coding rsp. clear text analysis.

关键词： documentation computer-assisted coding ICD-ICPM-classification statistics

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Management of case fees and special charges with aid of the coding system "do it"

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ORTHOPADE 1999年第3期28卷 270-276页

作者： Schütz, P Deimel, D Dusberger, T Univ Klin Mannheim Orthopad Klin D-68167 Mannheim Germany

Introduction: With the German health care restructuring legislation ("Gesundheitsstrukturgesetz") the coding of diagnoses and operations according to ICD-9 and ICPM (OPS-301) was introduced for budget assignment ("Fallpauschalen/Sonderentgelte"). Methods: Application of the structured coding system "do it" in orthopeadics and traumatology in combination with a surgical documentation system. Results of 8,664 documented operative cases within three years. Results: In total, 11,854 ICD-9 or ICD-10 and 20,178 ICPM (OPS-301) were coded. 2,914 "Fallpauschalen" and/or 3,456 "Sonderentgelte" were found. The System achieved high acceptance due to its userfriendliness and simple functionality. Discussion: In comparison with textor thesaurus-based coding systems the "do it" coding system does not require any knowledge of the ICD or ICPM (OPS-301). It can be adapted to individual clinical requirements by implementing frequent diagnoses and individual therapy concepts. In combination with a medical information system the coding system can be integrated seamlessly into routine documentation.

关键词： medical performance documentation computer-assisted coding ICD-/ICPM-classification

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GALEN based formal representation of ICD10

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS 2007年第2-3期76卷 118-123页

作者： Heja, Gergely Surjan, Gyorgy Lukacsy, Gergely Pallinger, Peter Gergely, Miklos Budapest Univ Technol & Econ Dept Measurement & Informat Syst H-1521 Budapest Hungary Budapest Univ Technol & Econ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Theory Budapest Hungary

Objectives: The main objective is to create a knowledge-intensive coding support tool for the International Classification of Diseases (ICD10), which is based on formal representation of ICD10 categories. Beyond this task the resulting ontology could be reused in various ways. Decidability is an important issue for computer-assisted coding;consequently the ontology should be represented in description logic. Methods: The meaning of the ICD10 categories is represented using the GALEN Core Reference Model. Due to the deficiencies of its representation language (GRAIL) the ontology is transformed to the quasi-standard OWL. A test system which extracts disease concepts and classifies them to ICD10 categories has been implemented in Prolog to verify the feasibility of the approach. Results: The formal representation of the first two chapters of ICD10 (infectious diseases and neoplasms) has been almost completed. The constructed ontology has been converted to OWL DL. The test system successfully identified diseases in medical records from gastrointestinal oncology (84% recall, however precision is only 45%). The classifier module is still under development. Due to the experiences gained during the modelling, in the future work FMA is going to be used as anatomical reference ontology. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

关键词： ontology ICD10 GALEN computer-assisted coding

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Development of a standardised computer-based documentation system for diagnoses and medical performance in orthopaedics/traumatology

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ORTHOPADE 1999年第3期28卷 285-291页

作者： Deimel, D Messer, E Thielemann, HG Picha, G Univ Heidelberg Klinikum Mannheim Orthopad Klin D-68167 Mannheim Germany

Introduction: Increasing demands on quality assurance und medical performance documentation require an immedate and evaluable documentation in the outpatients' department. Presentation of a new computer-based diagnostic system for reporting and medical performance documentation. Methods: Development and initial application of the system in three big orthopeadical or traumatological hospitals. Judegements about the feasibility of immediate documentation in outpatients' departments. Results: Presentation of an outpatients' departments diagnostic system with textblock-oriented anamnesis or anatomy-related diagnosis through pre-structured examination checklists. coding of ICD-9/-10 as well as AO-classification and AIS (abbreviated injury scale). Implementation of scorings. Medical performance documentation through forms including pre-defined billing codes. Presentation of the documentation flow and its transfer into other contexts. Discussion: Pure text-based clinical results do not allow sufficient evalutation for quality assurance and medical performance documentation. However, a computer-based and immediate documentation in outpatients' departments should not mean a significantly increased workload for physicians.

关键词： quality assurance medical performance documentation computer-assisted coding diagnostics abbreviated injury scale

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Advances in volume encoding clinical data

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DRUG INFORMATION JOURNAL 1999年第4期33卷 1079-1092页

作者： Pitts, K Jelliffe, K Benson, L Astra Pharmaceut LP Drug Dev Informat Technol Wayne PA 19087 USA Astra Pharmaceut LP Clin Operat & Prod Safety Wayne PA 19087 USA

In the pharmaceutical industry, there are a variety of organizational and process approaches to coding and classifying patient delta. In any pharmaceutical development structure, automated coding of patient clinical data greatly facilitates data analysis by reducing the amount of time spent on coding review. This paper will describe the clinical data encoding system currently in use at Astra Pharmaceuticals, L.P., and will present a portrait of a successful model for an autoencoding algorithm program. computer-assisted coding cannot entirely substitute for coding and data review by qualified medical personnel;however a volume data autoencoding application can significantly improve the quality, consistency, and pace of the data coding process, thereby allowing for more efficient analysis and reporting in the execution of a clinical trial.

关键词： autoencoder computer-assisted coding data coding adverse events dictionary

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Automated ICD coding for primary diagnosis via clinically interpretable machine learning

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS 2021年 153卷 104543-104543页

作者： Diao, Xiaolin Huo, Yanni Zhao, Shuai Yuan, Jing Cui, Meng Wang, Yuxin Lian, Xiaodan Zhao, Wei Chinese Acad Med Sci & Peking Union Med Coll Fuwai Hosp Dept Informat Ctr Beijing 100037 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Med Sci & Peking Union Med Coll Fuwai Hosp Natl Ctr Cardiovasc Dis Dept Informat Ctr Beijing 100037 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Med Sci & Peking Union Med Coll Fuwai Hosp Med Record Dept Beijing 100037 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Med Sci & Peking Union Med Coll Fuwai Hosp Natl Ctr Cardiovasc Dis Beijing 100037 Peoples R China

Background: computer-assisted clinical coding (CAC) based on automated coding algorithms has been expected to improve the International Classification of Disease, tenth version (ICD-10) coding quality and productivity, whereas studies oriented to primary diagnosis auto-coding are limited in the Chinese context. Objective: This study aims at developing a machine learning (ML) model for automated primary diagnosis ICD-10 coding. Methods: A total of 71,709 admissions in Fuwai hospital were included to carry out this study, corresponding to 168 primary diagnosis ICD-10 codes. Based on clinical implications, two feature engineering methods were used to process discharge diagnosis and procedure texts into sequential features and sequential grouping features respectively by which two kinds of models were built and compared. One baseline model using one-hot encoding features was considered. Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) was adopted as the classifier, and grid search and cross-validation were used to select the optimal hyperparameters. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values were applied to give the interpretability of models. Results: Our best prediction model was developed based on sequential grouping features. It showed good performance in the test phase with accuracy and macro-averaged F1 (Macro-F1) of 95.2% and 88.3% respectively. The comparison of the models demonstrated the effectiveness of the sequential information and the grouping strategy in boosting model performance (P-value < 0.01). Subgroup analysis of the best model on each individual code manifested that 91.1% of the codes achieved the F1 over 70.0%. Conclusions: Our model has been demonstrated its effectiveness for automated primary diagnosis coding in the Chinese context and its results are interpretable. Hence, it has the potential to assist clinical coders to improve coding efficiency and quality in Chinese inpatient settings.

关键词： ICD code Primary diagnosis Machine learning computer-assisted coding

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Afro-Pessimist or Africa Rising? US Newspaper Coverage of Africa, 1994-2018

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JOURNALISM STUDIES 2020年第13期21卷 1775-1794页

作者： Bleich, Erik Chugh, Mira Goldstein, Adrienne Pollard, Amelia Vijayakumar, Varsha van der Veen, A. Maurits Middlebury Coll Middlebury VT 05753 USA Coll William & Mary Williamsburg VA USA

Is media coverage of Africa systematically negative or increasingly positive? Several scholars have argued that too little empirical evidence exists to address the debate between "Afro-pessimist" and "Africa Rising" perspectives. We contribute to this discussion by analyzing 139,012 articles drawn fromThe New York Times,The Washington Post,The Wall Street Journal, andUSA Todayover the 25-year period between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 2018. We find modest support for the Afro-pessimist viewpoint: Articles mentioning Africa are negative on average, are even more negative during peak periods of coverage, and have not become more positive over time. In addition, we examine the thematic coverage most strongly associated with negativity and positivity. Stories that reference conflict, government, and specific African countries account for a significant portion of the negativity in our corpus. Conversely, stories related to culture and education constitute a subset of positive articles. Overall, our analysis not only sheds light on an ongoing debate about the tone of coverage of Africa, it also provides a better understanding of prevalent negative and positive thematic coverage in four major US newspapers.

关键词： Africa big data analysis computer-assisted coding media newspapers United States

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