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Monostatic imaging of an embedded object using a confocal algorithm

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL MODELLING-ELECTRONIC NETWORKS DEVICES AND FIELDS 2018年第5期31卷 e2338-e2338页

作者： Chouiti, Sidi Mohammed Merad, Lotfi Meriah, Sidi Mohammed Derraz, Foued Raimundo, Xavier Univ Tlemcen LTT Tilimsen Algeria Univ Durham Sch Engn & Comp Sci Ctr Commun Syst Durham England

In this paper, we present simulation results of monostatic configuration for microwave imaging system by using confocal algorithm to detect and localize metallic bars inserted in a concrete pillar. An ultra-wideband antenna has been used. The dielectric property values of the model were chosen near those of the realities. However, we have changed the permittivity of the concrete pillar to study the effectiveness of the algorithm despite the introduction of different kind of concrete. Successful detection and localization of different shapes and positions of metallic bars of diameter as small as 4 mm are presented. The efficacy of the proposed algorithm was also demonstrated by adding noise to the backscattered signals before creating the image.

关键词： confocal algorithm embedded object detection microwave imaging signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) ultra-wideband (UWB) radar

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Portable Electromagnetic Knee Imaging System

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION 2021年第10期69卷 6824-6837页

作者： Sultan, Kamel S. Mohammed, Beadaa Manoufali, Mohamed Abbosh, Amin M. Univ Queensland Sch Informat Technol & Elect Engn Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia

The high rate of knee injuries among athletes and other people and the need for early onsite detection to avoid severe ligament tear highlight the necessity of a portable knee imaging tool. Thus, an electromagnetic system based on a multistatic radar to image knee injuries is introduced. The system includes an antenna array of eight printed biconical elements, which have wide operational bandwidth of 103.4%, covering the band 0.7-2.2 GHz, and unidirectional radiation with a high front-to-back ratio for improved imaging. The antenna array is placed on movable holders around the knee to ensure equal distances from its boundaries. The antenna is assessed in terms of simulated and measured near- and far-fields, along with electromagnetic wave penetration into the knee. The complete system is built and experimentally validated on in-house built durable, realistic knee phantoms, which emulate normal and injured cases. To reconstruct knee images, a modified multistatic confocal algorithm is used. Since the left and right knees of humans are mirror-symmetrical, the modified algorithm uses a differential approach to remove signal clutters, multistatic coherence factor to improve the quality of channels, and applies dielectric mapping to reduce detection error. The images indicate the ability of the system to detect different types of ligament tears with an accurate localization.

关键词： Antenna arrays Ligaments Imaging Electromagnetic interference Dipole antennas Broadband antennas Antennas Biconical antenna confocal algorithm electromagnetic imaging (EMI) knee injuries wideband antenna

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confocal microwave imaging algorithm for breast cancer detection based on a high directive corrugated vivaldi antenna pulses 5

Confocal microwave imaging algorithm for breast cancer detec...

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International Conference on Wireless Technologies, Embedded and Intelligent Systems (WITS)

作者： Amdaouch, Ibtisam Aghzout, Otman Vazquez Alejos, Ana Univ Abdelmalek Essaadi Dept Comp Sci Engn ENSA Tetouan Morocco Univ Vigo Dept Teoria Senal & Comunicac Vigo Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781538678503

In this paper, a high directive corrugated vivaldi antenna is presented for breast cancer detection. The corrugated structure of the proposed antenna is based on a modified conventional tapered slot Vivaldi antenna, which consists of introducing duplicating slots on its edges. The proposed design approach is simple with low manufacturing cost. It has an overall size of 53x90x0.6, made of FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.3. Results indicate that due to the addition of these slots, significant improvement in antenna directivity has been achieved along with relative increase in gain. In order to test the efficacy of this antenna in detecting tumor and reconstructing its image, we integrate the confocal microwave imaging (CMI) algorithm with our proposed antenna to detect the breast tumor. For that, a breast model with embedded tumor is numerically carried out by the FDTD method. The breast was illuminated with a Gaussian pulse from a number of antenna locations, and the backscattered data are processed to obtain the image of tumor. Numerical simulations and modeling shows that the proposed antenna is capable of detecting tumor with high resolution, fulfilling the design requirements and the performance goals.

关键词： Vivaldi Antenna Breast cancer detection microwave imaging confocal algorithm image reconstruction

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Low-cost device for breast cancer screening: A dry setup IR-UWB proposal

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BIOMEDICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING AND CONTROL 2023年第Part1期79卷 000-000页

作者： Aragao, Alexandre de Jesus Carvalho, Dionisio Sanches, Bruno Noije, Wilhelmus A. M. Van IFSP Dept Elect Engn Fed Inst Educ Sci & Technol Sao Paulo SP Brazil Univ Sao Paulo Dept Elect Syst Engn Escola Politecn Sao Paulo SP Brazil Rua Pedro Vicente 625Caninde BR-01109010 Sao Paulo SP Brazil

This paper presents a dry-setup microwave imaging apparatus proposal aiming at breast cancer detection, seeking low-cost and portability. In 2020, breast cancer overtook lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed worldwide, and its impact on low-income countries has encouraged the development of non-invasive and affordable screening equipment;its use could reduce mortality rates by scaling up early detection reach. A US$ 150.00 microwave transceiver platform with embedded antennas was employed to maintain costs down, while a dry-coupling silicone rubber bra was used to keep the device portable. Firstly, a front-end power loss study and simulations by utilizing a finite integration technique software were carried out to analyse the proposed hardware power ability to detect tumours depth in the breast. Secondly, microwave signals were transmitted, illuminating a developed phantom that mimics the dielectric properties of breast tissues. The resulting images were generated by applying collected backscattered signals to a delay and sum algorithm whereby improvements were implemented aiming at enhancing tumour contrast. Simulated and experimental results employing the system proposed and the phantom presented signal to clutter and signal to mean ratio above 6.0 dB and 22.0 dB, respectively, and average tumour location precision of 0.5 cm. The results demonstrated the proposed apparatus potential to prospect a low-cost and portable system for first approach breast cancer screening. Although more investigations and additional implementations are still necessary for conducting clinical trials, the proposals presented have paved the way to a resource-limited screening equipment development in the future.

关键词： Microwave imaging Breast cancer detection Ultra wideband radar Breast phantom confocal algorithm Dielectric constant

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Assessment of key parameters in a microwave imaging system design for breast cancer detection 12

Assessment of key parameters in a microwave imaging system d...

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12th IEEE Latin America Symposium on Circuits and System (LASCAS)

作者： Ponce, David Aragao, Alexandre de Jesus Sanches, Bruno Van Noije, Wilhelmus A. M. Univ Sao Paulo Dept Elect Syst Engn Escola Politecn Sao Paulo Brazil Inst Fed Educ Ciencia & Tecnol Sao Paulo Dept Elect Engn Sao Paulo Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781728176703

This paper presents an assessment for a breast cancer detection microwave imaging system design, employing a multi-software simulation framework. The work aimed to identify circuits design key parameters to obtain quality images able to reveal malignant tumors. A set of backscattering signals were extracted from a 32 antenna system simulated scenario, and applied to a simulated proposed receiver model, including a Low Noise Amplifier, a Phased Locked Loop and Analog to Digital Converter. The design and implementation constraints arising in the context of event-driven simulation are discussed, targeting the most feasible key parameters for the circuit specifications. The results pointed out that better quality images with Signal to Mean Ratio greater than 11 dB can be obtained by choosing a 12-bit Analog to Digital Converter with 20 GHz of equivalent sampling frequency, a Root Mean Square maximum jitter of 0.1 ps, and implementing a Low Noise Amplifier architecture with a flatter frequency response.

关键词： Simulation Circuit models Medical imaging confocal algorithm Breast Cancer Detection Ultra-Wideband

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A Novel Approach of a Low-Cost UWB Microwave Imaging System with High Resolution Based on SAR and a New Fast Reconstruction algorithm for Early-Stage Breast Cancer Detection

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JOURNAL OF IMAGING 2022年第10期8卷 264-264页

作者： Amdaouch, Ibtisam Saban, Mohamed El Gueri, Jaouad Chaari, Mohamed Zied Vazquez Alejos, Ana Ruiz Alzola, Juan Rosado Munoz, Alfredo Aghzout, Otman Univ Abdelmalek Essaadi Dept Comp Sci Engn Syst Informat & Genie Logiciel Lab Ecole Natl Sci Appl ENSA Tetouan 93153 Morocco Univ Valencia Dept Elect Engn Escola Tecn Super Engn ETSE Av Univ Burjassot 46100 Spain Fabricat Lab Dept Qatar Sci Club Doha 9769 Qatar Univ Vigo Sistemas Radio AtlanTTic Vigo 36310 Spain Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria Dept Senales & Comunicac Las Palmas Gran Canaria 35001 Spain

In this article, a new efficient and robust approach-the high-resolution microwave imaging system-for early breast cancer diagnosis is presented. The core concept of the proposed approach is to employ a combination of a newly proposed delay-and-sum (DAS) algorithm and the specific absorption rate (SAR) parameter to provide high image quality of breast tumors, along with fast image processing. The new algorithm enhances the tumor response by altering the parameter referring to the distance between the antenna and the tumor in the conventional DAS matrices. This adjustment entails a much clearer reconstructed image with short processing time. To achieve these aims, a high directional Vivaldi antenna is applied around a simulated hemispherical breast model with an embedded tumor. The detection of the tumor is carried out by calculating the maximum value of SAR inside the breast model. Consequently, the antenna position is relocated near the tumor region and is moved to nine positions in a trajectory path, leading to a shorter propagation distance in the image-creation process. At each position, the breast model is illuminated with short pulses of low power waves, and the back-scattered signals are recorded to produce a two-dimensional image of the scanned breast. Several simulations of testing scenarios for reconstruction imaging are investigated. These simulations involve different tumor sizes and materials. The influence of the number of antennas on the reconstructed images is also examined. Compared with the results from the conventional DAS, the proposed technique significantly improves the quality of the reconstructed images, and it detects and localizes the cancer inside the breast with high quality in a fast computing time, employing fewer antennas.

关键词： specific absorption rate microwave imaging breast cancer detection Vivaldi antenna image reconstruction confocal algorithm

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Detection of breast cancer using ultra-wide band beamforming algorithm

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MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS B 2017年第9期31卷

作者： Yang, Ze-Kun Cheng, Cong-Cong Wang, Zhaobin Yang, Hong-Wei Lanzhou Univ Sch Informat Sci & Engn Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China Nanjing Agr Univ Coll Sci Dept Phys Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu Peoples R China

This paper is based on the general principle of beamforming algorithm of array signal processing. It gives a kind of high precision adaptive time-domain beamforming algorithm, uses ultra-wide band (UWB) microwave signal as an emission source applied to the human body in early breast cancer detection. In this paper, we build a two-dimensional, semicircle breast tissue model, use numerical simulation with finite difference time-domain (FDTD) method for detection. The result shows the superiority of beamforming algorithm compared with that of confocal imaging algorithms and beam forming algorithms, especially to the Capon beamforming algorithm.

关键词： Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) ultra-wide band (UWB) beam forming algorithm confocal algorithm

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A Radar-Based Breast Cancer Detection System Using CMOS Integrated Circuits

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IEEE ACCESS 2015年 3卷 2111-2121页

作者： Song, Hang Kono, Hayato Seo, Yuji Azhari, Afreen Somei, Junichi Suematsu, Eiji Watarai, Yuichi Ota, Toshihiko Watanabe, Hiromasa Hiramatsu, Yoshinori Toya, Akihiro Xiao, Xia Kikkawa, Takamaro Hiroshima Univ Res Inst Nanodevice & Bio Syst Higashihiroshima 7398527 Japan Sharp Co Ltd Fukuyama Hiroshima 7218522 Japan Sharp Takaya Elect Ind Co Ltd Yakage 7141211 Japan Kure Natl Coll Technol Kure 7378506 Japan Tianjin Univ Sch Elect & Informat Engn Tianjin 300072 Peoples R China

An ultrawideband (UWB) radar-based breast cancer detection system, which is composed of complementary metal oxide semiconductor integrated circuits, is presented. This system includes Gaussian monocycle pulse (GMP) generation circuits, switching (SW) matrix circuits, equivalent-time sampling circuits, and a compact UWB antenna array. During the detection process, the GMP signal with the center frequency of 6 GHz is first generated and transmitted with a repetition frequency of 100 MHz. The GMP signal is sent to a selected transmitter antenna by the SW matrix module, and the reflected signal is captured by the receiver antennas. Next, the high-speed equivalent-time sampling circuits are employed to retrieve the reflected GMP signal. A confocal algorithm is used to reconstruct the breast image. The total size for the prototype module is 45 cm x 30 cm x 14.5 cm in length, width, and height, respectively, which is dramatically smaller than the conventional detection systems. Using our proposed system, we demonstrate a successful detection of 1-cm cancer target in the breast phantom.

关键词： Breast cancer CMOS microwave imaging ultrawideband confocal algorithm

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Microwave Stepped Frequency Head Imaging Using Compressive Sensing With Limited Number of Frequency Steps

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IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS 2015年 14卷 1133-1136页

作者： Guo, L. Abbosh, A. M. Univ Queensland Sch ITEE St Lucia Qld 4072 Australia

Compressive sensing (CS) can be used to recover sparse data (signal) from limited measurements by solving a constrained convex optimization problem. If this approach is applied on microwave stepped frequency imaging technique, the required number of frequency steps to get clear images can be significantly reduced resulting in simple systems with fast data acquisition and real time results. To that end, three different CS techniques are applied on head imaging systems aiming at the detection of brain injuries by utilizing the sparse characteristic of the correlated time domain scattered signals. The presented measured results using a head imaging system indicate that the time domain correlation signals are indeed sparse and thus can be recovered using a limited number of frequency steps. Those recovered signals are then used to successfully generate clear images that show brain injuries. A comparison between using the proposed and the traditional approaches using two quality metrics indicates superiority of the presented CS-based approach in not just the limited needed frequency steps, but also in the quality of the obtained images.

关键词： Compressive sensing (CS) confocal algorithm head imaging microwave imaging time domain correlation signal

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Study on the Imaging Resolution of Ultra-Wideband Microwave Imaging for Breast Cancer Detection

Study on the Imaging Resolution of Ultra-Wideband Microwave ...

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3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering

作者： Liu, Xu Xiao, Xia Fan, Zun Yu, Jian Tianjin Univ Sch Elect & Informat Engn Tianjin 300072 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424429011

A study on the Ultra-Wideband (UWB) microwave imaging for detecting the malignant tumor in the human breast is presented. The planer two-dimensional breast model is used to simulate the microwave propagation in the breast by the Finite Difference Time Domain method (FDTD). The confocal algorithm is employed to reconstruct the breast image to show the tumor information involving its size and the location. The influence of the tumor location on the image resolution is investigated in detail. A 6 mm tumor could be detected even when it is located nearby the chest wall. Results show that the UWB imaging is a non-invaded feasible method for the breast cancer detection.

关键词： early breast cancer ultra-wideband microwave confocal algorithm resolution

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