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A multisymbol context-based arithmetic coding architecture for MPEG-4 shape coding

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 2005年第2期15卷 283-295页

作者： Lee, KB Lin, JY Jen, CW Natl Chiao Tung Univ Dept Elect Engn Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan

MPEG-4 shape coding comprises context-based arithmetic encoding (CAE) as its centerpiece. Since the CAE algorithm has a complicated coding procedure and strong data dependency, it is hard to exploit its pipeline and parallel facilities. Furthermore, to encode multiple symbols within one, clock cycle, it needs to overcome the issues of extracting multiple contexts of these symbols, deriving multiple probabilities from these contexts, and performing multiple multiplicative range update operations. This paper presents an efficient pipelined multisymbol CAE architecture for real-time MPEG-4 shape encoding. The proposed design is based on the inherent characteristics of binary alpha blocks as well as the numerical properties of the probabilities indexed;by the contexts, and it is capable of encoding either a singe symbol, or multiple symbols within each clock cycle. To overcome the aforementioned issues under the consideration of the hardware cost and the critical path delay, only symbols with a particular set of contexts are chosen to be processed simultaneously within the same clock cycle. Theoretical analysis shows that the majority of symbols have contexts belonging to this particular set, and therefore CAE processing can be significantly accelerated. An example VLSI implementation of proposed architecture that encodes two symbols within each clock cycle without sacrificing the clock rate can achieve a speedup of 1.47 in comparison with traditional CAE architectures. This particular two-symbol design can support MPEG-4 Main Profile at levels 3 and 4 under extreme and typical conditions, respectively. When synthesized from Verilog RTL design by using TSMC 0.35-mum 1P4M CMOS technology, the design can run at 90 MHz.

关键词： context-based arithmetic encoding MPEG-4 shape coding

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MPEG-4 standardized methods for the compression of arbitrarily shaped video objects

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 1999年第8期9卷 1170-1189页

作者： Brady, N Integral Design Ltd Dublin 14 Ireland

MPEG-4 is the most recent standard for audio-visual representation to be published by the International Organization for Standardization, One of the many new features of MPEG-4 is its ability to represent two-dimensional video objects of arbitrary shape. For this purpose, MPEG-4 uses the conventional motion-compensated discrete cosine transform syntax for color/texture coding and augments this with an explicit compressed representation of the video object's shape. This paper is intended as a tutorial in the means of encoding and decoding arbitrarily shaped video objects as specified by MPEG-4. The major emphasis of the paper is on explaining the compression technology associated dth the normative shape representation, i.e., block-based context-based arithmetic encoding, but some new aspects associated with arbitrarily shaped texture coding are also highlighted, The MPEG-4 specifications are presented in an informal may, and the motivations underlying the algorithm are clarified. In addition, effective methods are suggested for performing many of the nonnormative encoding tasks, and several encoding performance tradeoffs are illustrated.

关键词： context-based arithmetic encoding MPEG-4 shape coding

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