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44th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial-Electronics-Society (IECON)

作者： Singh, Akanksha Prabakar, Kumaraguru Natl Renewable Energy Lab Power Syst Engn Ctr Golden CO 80401 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781509066841

The recent advent of wide bandgap power semiconductor devices will lay the path for future power converters. These devices provide the advantage of high switching speed and lower losses. The high cost and high switching speeds of these devices provide a challenge in the development and validation of the fast-switching inverter controls with accuracy comparable to that of a hardware setup. In this paper, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) real-time simulator-based controller-hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) testbed is used to verify the low-level and advanced inverter controls for fast-switching wide bandgap-based photovoltaic string inverter. The paper also includes development of the CHIL testbed, which is run at a time step of 500 ns in order to implement 20-kHz switching frequency. The developed CHIL testbed is validated through experimental results from a three-phase, 50-kW, 480-V-LLrms SiC device-based inverter.

关键词： advanced grid-support functions controller hardware-in-the-loop high switching frequency power electronics converters SiC devices

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controller hardware in the loop Testing of an IEC 61850 GOOSE Based Control for Seamless Transition of a Microgrid Between Island and Grid Connected Modes 56

Controller Hardware in the Loop Testing of an IEC 61850 GOOS...

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IEEE/IAS 56th Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference

作者： Westman, Jan Hadidi, Ramtin Fox, Curtiss Leonard, Jesse Harrell, Armien Clemson Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Clemson SC 29634 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728171951

This paper demonstrates development of a controller hardware in the loop test system for validating microgrid control schemes. The investigation also proposes and analyzes the performance of an IEC 61850 Generic Object-Oriented Substation Event Protocol (GOOSE) based control strategy for managing the transition of a microgrid test model from grid-connected mode to island mode. The test model contains a single inverter-interfaced distributed generation (DG) unit. The inverter controls allow the DG to regulate its output during grid connected operation and regulate the microgrid voltage and frequency when separated from the area electric power system. The test model, inverter and plant controllers are simulated using RTDS Technologies' real-time digital simulator. Digital protection relays are used in the hardware loop to provide I/O to the simulated controllers via GOOSE messaging. The results of the investigation illustrate the benefits of IEC 61850 standard for integration of controller hardware in a microgrid control scheme as well as the suitability of GOOSE messaging for seamless transitioning between microgrid operating modes.

关键词： Distributed generation microgrid control systems islanding resynchronization controller hardware-in-the-loop real-time digital simulation IEC 61850 GOOSE

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controller hardware in the loop testing of microgrid secondary frequency control schemes

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ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS RESEARCH 2021年 190卷 106757-106757页

作者： Nigam, Siddhartha Ajala, Olaoluwapo Dominguez-Garcia, Alejandro D. Sauer, Peter W. Univ Illinois Dept Elect & Comp Engn Urbana IL 61801 USA

This paper describes a controller hardware-in-the loop (C-HIL) approach for testing centralized and distributed secondary frequency control schemes of AC microgrids operating in islanded mode. We describe the formulation of the secondary frequency control problem and the theory behind the centralized and distributed implementations of the control schemes. Then, we describe the testbed utilized for C-HIL testing activities. Finally, we provide the testing results that compare the performance (in terms of the system response time), and resilience (in terms of withstanding the failure of a control device), of both schemes.

关键词： Microgrid control Centralized control Distributed control controller hardware-in-the-loop

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Remote hardware-in-the-loop Approach for Microgrid controller Evaluation

Remote Hardware-in-the-Loop Approach for Microgrid Controlle...

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Clemson-University Power Systems Conference (PSC)

作者： Prabakar, Kumaraguru Valibeygi, Amir Konakalla, Sai Akhil R. Miller, Brian de Callafon, Raymond A. Pratt, Annabelle Symko-Davies, Martha Bialek, Thomas Natl Renewable Energy Lab Golden CO 80401 USA Univ Calif San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA San Diego Gas & Elect Co San Diego CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728193847

Utilities have been installing microgrids because of the increased resilience and reliability advantages they may provide to the distribution system. A microgrid controller is a critical component in microgrids. It is of great benefit to derisk the installation of microgrid controllers before field deployment. hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing is used by controller developers and utilities to evaluate the controllers under stressful conditions. In this work, a microgrid control function developed by the Synchrophasor Grid Monitoring and Automation (SyGMA) laboratory at the University of California, San Diego is tested in a remote HIL (RHIL) setup. The digital real-time simulation of the detailed microgrid system was operated at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's Energy Systems Integration Facility. Under such RHIL setup, successful controller operation is contingent on understanding and characterizing the communications channel and in particular network latencies. The novelty of this paper is the proposed use of a RHIL setup that leverages existing power system communications protocols to evaluate the controller in conjunction with the simulation capabilities of a remote facility. The work presented here will provide the complete setup of the HIL evaluation platform, the details of the communications protocols used by the setup for data transfer between the two organizations, test cases developed to evaluate the controller, and the results from the experiments.

关键词： microgrids microgrid controller hardware-inthe-loop controller hardware-in-the-loop remote hardware-inthe-loop IEEE 2030.7 IEEE 2030.8

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WOA-tuned supertwisted synergetic control of multipurpose on-board charger for G2V/V2G/V2V operational modes of electric vehicles

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CONTROL ENGINEERING PRACTICE 2025年 154卷

作者： Adil, Hafiz Mian Muhammad Khan, Hassan Abbas Lahore Univ Management Sci LUMS Dept Elect Engn Lahore 54792 Pakistan

On-board chargers within electric vehicles (EVs) must efficiently manage grid-to-vehicle (G2V), vehicle- to-grid (V2G), and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) modes for sustainable EV operation. This paper introduces a modified hybrid nonlinear control approach that utilizes the whale optimization algorithm-tuned supertwisted synergetic (WOA-ST-syn) technique fora multipurpose on-board charger (MP-OBC). The whale optimization algorithm(WOA) adjusts the parameters of supertwisted synergetic controller using the integral time absolute error, reducing the need for exhaustive trial-and-error adjustments. The controller employs the state space model of a two-stage on-board electric vehicle charging system, ensuring stability through the Lyapunov stability criterion. Simulations in MATLAB/Simulink evaluate the performance of the proposed controller across various operational modes, testing robustness against varying load currents and mode-switching conditions. Results indicate significant improvements over state-of-the-art nonlinear controllers, with minimal chattering, shortest rise time (0.0007 s for AC-DC, 1.5520 s for DC-DC), fastest settling time (0.0447 s for AC-DC, 2.0550 s for DC-DC), and minimal steady-state error (0.0010% for AC-DC, 0.0004% for DC-DC). controller hardware-in-the-loop (C-HIL) experiments were also performed to confirm the real-time applicability of the controller.

关键词： Whale optimization algorithm Grid-to-vehicle Vehicle-to-grid Vehicle-to-vehicle Robust nonlinear control controller hardware-in-the-loop

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Improved Fault Ride-Through Response of Grid Forming Inverters Under Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Faults

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION 2025年第1期40卷 394-408页

作者： Khan, Imran Doolla, Suryanarayana Indian Inst Technol Dept Energy Sci & Engn Mumbai 400076 India

The voltage source behaviour of grid forming inverters is in demand owing to their instantaneous reaction to disturbances in the grid. However, this might lead to the flow of high magnitudes currents during faults. Thus advanced approaches are required which aid in successful fault ride-through (FRT) without hampering the current limits of the semiconductor switches. This paper proposes a virtual impedance based scheme to control steady state currents, while utilizing the direct modulation scheme of finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) to limit the transient current peaks. The proposed approach limits inverter currents during both symmetrical and asymmetrical faults. The proposed grid forming control demonstrates high bandwidth in normal and sag voltage levels. Further the negative sequence current injection during an asymmetrical fault can also be controlled. Extensive simulations are performed on a grid connected network under variation of grid parameters. Further, the proposed method is applied to inverters operating in CIGRE low voltage benchmark networks which demonstrate successful FRT behaviour in grid connected and islanded mode. Experimental validation of the proposed approach is carried using controller-hardware-in-the loop setup with CIGRE network demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed controller even in back to back faults.

关键词： Voltage control Circuit faults Transient analysis Limiting Power system stability Fault currents Current control controller hardware-in-the-loop fault ride-through (FRT) grid forming inverters model predictive control virtual impedance

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hardware-in-the-loop Test Bed and Test Methodology for Microgrid controller Evaluation

Hardware-in-the-Loop Test Bed and Test Methodology for Micro...

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IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T and D)

作者： Prabakar, Kumaraguru Pratt, Annabelle Krishnamurthy, Dheepak Maitra, Arindam Natl Renewable Energy Lab Golden CO 80401 USA Elect Power Res Inst Washington DC USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781538655832

Increasing penetration levels of distributed energy resources are making the deployment of microgrids more feasible. controllers that operate such microgrids are key to realizing the objectives of the microgrid owner or operator and there is a need to evaluate microgrid controller performance prior to field deployment. This paper describes a controller hardware-in-the-loop and power hardware-in-the-loop microgrid controller test bed that was designed and constructed to evaluate the capabilities of a microgrid controller for a proposed campus microgrid. This paper also presents a test methodology to evaluate microgrid controller functionality, and it describes how the controller was assessed through the application of different test scenarios. Results from the testing are presented to provide insight into the capabilities of the test bed.

关键词： controller hardware-in-the-loop controller test bed hardware-in-the-loop microgrid power hardware-in-the-loop

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A novel hybrid nonlinear control of four switch buck-boost converter feeding constant power load in fuel cell-based DC microgrid

Results in Engineering

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Results in Engineering 2025年 26卷

作者： Hafiz Mian Muhammad Adil Hassan Abbas Khan Department of Electrical Engineering Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS) Lahore 54792 Pakistan

Fuel cell-based DC microgrids (FC-DCMGs) offer clean, sustainable energy but face stability issues due to constant power loads (CPLs) and load-dependent fuel cell voltage. The four-switch buck-boost (4SBB) converter, with its non-inverting behavior and wide operating range, is ideal for interfacing fuel cells in DCMGs. However, robust control is crucial for seamless integration. This paper proposes a novel hybrid nonlinear controller for the CPL-fed 4SBB converter in FC-DCMGs to improve dynamic performance and robustness under load variations. The controller merges the robustness of supertwisting switching with the fast convergence of enhanced integral-based synergetic control. Control design is based on an average state-space model, incorporating a third-order polynomial model to estimate load-dependent fuel cell voltage. controller parameters are optimized using the slime mould algorithm, minimizing the integral time absolute error (ITAE) to address both transient and steady-state behavior. Extensive simulations validate the performance of the proposed controller under varying resistive loads, changing CPL demands, and input voltage fluctuations. Compared with conventional sliding mode control (SMC) and Lyapunov function-based control (LFC), the proposed controller exhibits superior performance: a fast settling time of 1.8 ms (SMC: 5.7 ms, LFC: 25 ms), minimal overshoot of ≤ 4.16 % (SMC: ≤ 6.87 % , LFC: ≤ 5.20 % ), undershoot of ≤ 2.91 % (SMC: ≤ 5 % , LFC: ≤ 3.75 % ), retracing time of ≤2.5 ms (SMC: ≤5.5 ms, LFC: ≤20 ms), zero steady-state error, and no chattering. Furthermore, the real-time viability of the proposed controller is confirmed through controller hardware-in-the-loop (C-HIL) tests using the Texas Instruments TMS320F28379D Delfino Launchpad.

关键词： Robust control Nonlinear hybrid control Fuel cell-based DC microgrids Four switch buck-boost converter controller hardware-in-the-loop

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Evaluating Power Sharing Performance of Distributed Generators in Microgrids With Hybrid Sources and Mixed Tie-Lines

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS 2023年第5期59卷 5363-5375页

作者： Khan, Imran Vijay, A. S. Doolla, Suryanarayana Indian Inst Technol Dept Energy Sci & Engn Mumbai 400076 Maharashtra India

Proportional output power sharing amongst distributed sources in islanded microgrids is necessary to maintain a good voltage profile, avoid tripping of sources and avoid circulating current flows. Underground (UG) cables are popular in densely populated areas and military applications. However, researchers typically consider microgrid networks with overhead lines (OHL) in their studies. This article examines the power sharing performance among droop controlled inverters and virtual synchronous generators in a system with mixed tie-line configurations i.e., network sections with both OHL and UG cable tie-lines. Furthermore, two proposed control strategies to vary the virtual impedance linearly as a function of the DG output currents are examined for their effectiveness to improve the proportional power sharing. The studies are performed considering a system with four inverter based sources operated with the popularly used L and RL droop controllers through detailed simulations in MATLAB/Simulink. The enhancement of power sharing is verified for both uniform and non-uniform inverter controls, different R/X ratios of the OHL and UG cables, and in a meshed network configuration with different loading conditions. controller hardware in the loop (CHIL) based experiment validation is carried out in Typhoon HIL with linear, non-linear and induction motor load, showing that proposed control strategy results in enhanced power sharing in addition to damping oscillations due to dynamic loads.

关键词： Adaptive control controller hardware-in-the-loop overhead lines power sharing typhoon hil underground cables virtual impedance virtual synchronous generator

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Leveraging National Laboratory Assets to Address Stability Challenges due to Declining Grid Inertia Using Geographically Distributed Electrical-Thermal Co-Emulation

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JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME 2020年第7期142卷 070905页

作者： Hovsapian, R. Panwar, M. Osorio, J. D. Mohanpurkar, M. Maloney, D. J. Natl Renewable Energy Lab Energy Syst Integrat Golden CO 80401 USA Natl Renewable Energy Lab Power Syst Engn Ctr Golden CO 80401 USA Natl Renewable Energy Lab Bldg & Thermal Sci Ctr Golden CO 80401 USA Idaho Natl Lab Power & Energy Syst Dept Idaho Falls ID 83401 USA Natl Energy Technol Lab Morgantown WV 26505 USA

Due to increased penetration of low-inertia resources into the electric grid, challenges are increasing for maintaining wide-area system stability. Grid stability assessment requires a faithful representation of the multiple-physics interaction at the system level, and timescales of interaction varying in orders of magnitude, from microseconds to seconds to several minutes. Along with the simulation-based techniques, hardware-in-the-loop (HIL), controller HIL, and power HIL techniques have been developed to better understand the emergent behavior of the system with emerging technologies. US National Laboratories have played a vital role in research and development to understand the behavior of individual technologies and devices integrated to the electric grid. Each national laboratory forwards a technological and strategic initiative tied core and enabling capabilities. Due to strategic, efficiency, and economic reasons, not all the labs have assets to conduct research on all technologies concomitantly, so it becomes crucial to integrate the labs across geographies to understand the interplay of different technologies together at the system level. This approach avoids duplication of the assets at different lab facilities and helps understand the integrated system behavior of various technologies representative of actual grid conditions by connecting multiple national labs. This paper talks about techniques of connecting three national laboratories to enable co-emulation of electrical-mechanical-thermal characteristics of devices and systems. Such an approach can be used to understand the dynamic and transient interaction of multi-physics in a system level, at-scale emulation using real-time simulation tools and techniques.

关键词： grid stability inertia digital real-time simulation hardware-in-the-loop controller hardware-in-the-loop power hardware-in-the-loop power system dynamics power system transients energy conversion systems

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