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4D-dynamical system and convolution codes based colored image encryption scheme: information security perception

MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2024年第10期83卷 29353-29375页

作者： Malik, Dania Saleem Shah, Tariq HITEC Univ Dept Math Taxila Pakistan Quaid I Azam Univ Dept Math Islamabad Pakistan

A novel color image encryption based on permutation and bit-wise exclusive OR (XOR) operation is introduced in this work. The main objective of the proposed scheme is to provide techniques for safe transmission of image data. A novel technique for generating relation between image pixels and key initial values is proposed in this work to minimize the image attacks, as the sensitivity of key to image pixels is enhanced in such a way that if an attacker slightly changes the image pixel, key values are changed too. For this purpose, two random numbers are derived from novel convolution codes technique. These random numbers are then utilized as initial values of four-dimensional (4-D) dynamical system for generation of the chaotic sequences. These sequences are then deployed in confusion and diffusion phase for segmented images. For the illustration of security level, the proposed scheme is validated via different analysis that includes histogram, correlation, entropy, differential attacks (number of pixel change rate (NPCR), unified average changing intensity (UACI)), key space and key sensitivity analysis. Proposed technique achieves encrypted images RGB (red, green, blue) channel entropy values lie between 7.99791 and 7.9990, NPCR values between 99.5873% and 99.7341%, UACI values between 33.051% and 33.422% and Peak signal noise ratio (PSNR) values between 7.8218 and 9.3821. Also, in key sensitivity analysis a slight alteration in key does not provide any information for the decryption of image. The simulation analysis of proposed scheme confirmed the high sensitivity, image pixels uniform distribution and randomness. Also, the classical attack analysis is performed to check security of proposed ciphered image.

关键词： Image encryption convolution codes Chaotic maps

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Low Complexity Modified Viterbi Decoder with convolution codes for Power Efficient Wireless Communication

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WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS 2022年第1期122卷 685-700页

作者： Devi, T. Kalavathi Priyanka, E. B. Sakthivel, P. Sagayaraj, A. Stephen Kongu Engn Coll Dept Elect & Instrumentat Engn Perundurai India Kongu Engn Coll Dept Mechatron Engn Perundurai India Vellalar Coll Engn & Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Thindal India Jaishree Ram Engn Coll Dept Elect & Instrumentat Engn Perundurai India

To attain high quality of service (QoS) with efficient power consumption with minimum delay through Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) through mesh network is an important research area. But the existing real-time routing system involves multiple hops with time varying mobility channels for fastest data propagation is greatly degraded with power utilization factor through congestion traffic queue. Required allocation and resource management through desired access points plays vital roles in which multiple hops demands delay rates by interconnected data nodes. In order to achieve high throughput with minimum delay the QoS in real-time data communication have to be concentrated by using Viterbi decoder with convolution codes. By undertaking IEEE 802.11 WLAN physical layers afford multiple transmission rates by engaging various modulations and channel coding schemes, major point arises to pinpoint the desired transmission rate to enhance the performance. Because each node exhibits different dynamic characteristics based on the token rings passed from the server to the end links. In order to validate the real-time traffic with power consumption and average delay communication, an improved Viterbi decoder is designed with convolution codes to determine accurate channel estimation based on learning the utilization ration of the needed to execute the current wireless channel optimization. The proposed methodology can attain accurate channel estimation without additional implementation effort and modifications to the current 802.11 standard. And each node is capable to choose the optimized transmission rate, so that the system performance can be improved with very minimum power with high packet transmission ratio with minimum traffic rate to improve QoS. The proposed scheme also offers an appealing combination of the allocation of transmission rate and the current link condition. Based on the basic relationship between them, the proposed decoding scheme maximizes the throug

关键词： convolution codes Wireless LAN Through Power consumption Real-time traffic delay

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Concatenated convolution-Polar codes over Rayleigh Channels degraded as Erasure Channels 10

Concatenated Convolution-Polar codes over Rayleigh Channels ...

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10th International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control (ISCO)

作者： Usman, Mohammed King Khalid Univ Dept Elect Engn Abha Saudi Arabia Jaypee Univ Informat Technol JUIT Solan India

ISBN: (纸本)9781467378079

Polar codes have been shown to approach capacity of symmetric binary erasure channels. This paper investigates the performance of polar codes over typical urban fading wireless channels. The wireless channel is modeled as a degraded erasure channel by using an inner convolution code. When the convolution code fails to correct any errors, the corresponding bits are discarded and treated as erasures. We present the performance of polar codes over such degraded wireless channels using different code rates for the inner convolution code.

关键词： polar codes channel polarization symmetric binary channels convolution codes degraded channels

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Deep convolutional Neural Networks

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IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE 2018年第6期35卷 79-87页

作者： Gonzalez, Rafael C. Univ Tennessee Elect Engn & Comp Sci Dept Knoxville TN 37996 USA

Neural networks are a subset of the field of artificial intelligence (AI). The predominant types of neural networks used for multidimensional signal processing are deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The term deep refers generically to networks having from a \"few\" to several dozen or more convolution layers, and deep learning refers to methodologies for training these systems to automatically learn their functional parameters using data representative of a specific problem domain of interest. CNNs are currently being used in a broad spectrum of application areas, all of which share the common objective of being able to automatically learn features from (typically massive) data bases and to generalize their responses to circumstances not encountered during the learning phase. Ultimately, the learned features can be used for tasks such as classifying the types of signals the CNN is expected to process. The purpose of this \"Lecture Notes\" article is twofold: 1) to introduce the fundamental architecture of CNNs and 2) to illustrate, via a computational example, how CNNs are trained and used in practice to solve a specific class of problems.

关键词： Neural networks convolution codes Feature extraction Training Task analysis Image recognition Artificial intelligence

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Performance of Underground Cables That Use OFDM Systems for Broadband Power-Line Communications

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY 2009年第4期24卷 1889-1897页

作者： Anatory, Justinian Theethayi, Nelson Thottappillil, Rajeev Univ Dodoma Coll Informat & Virtual Educ Sch Virtual Educ Dodoma Tanzania Uppsala Univ Div Elect SE-75121 Uppsala Sweden Royal Inst Technol Div Electromagnet Engn SE-10044 Stockholm Sweden

Power-line networks are proposed for broadband data transmission. The presence of multipaths within the broadband power-line communication (BPLC) system, due to stochastic changes in the network load impedances, branches, etc. pose a real challenge as it affects network performance. This paper attempts to investigate the performance of an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)-based BPLC system that uses underground cables. It is found that when a branch is added in the link between the sending and receiving end, there is an average of 4-dB power loss. In addition, when the terminal impedances of the branches that are connected to the link between the transmitting and receiving end vary from line characteristic impedance to low-impedance values, the power loss (signal-to-noise ratio) is about 0.35 dB/Omega. On the contrary, for an increase in the terminal impedances by 100 Omega above line characteristic impedance, the power loss is 0.23 dB/Omega. When the branch terminal impedances are close to short or open circuits, OFDM techniques show degraded performance. This situation is also observed when the number of branches increases. It is shown that to overcome degraded network performance, the concatenated Reed-Solomon codes/interleaved Viterbi methods can be used, which could be used for an efficient design of the BPLC system that uses OFDM techniques.

关键词： Branched network broadband communication concatenated coding convolution codes impulse noise interleaved coding multipath channels orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) power-line communication Reed-Solomon codes

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EVALUATION OF HYBRID ERROR CONTROL-SYSTEMS

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-F RADAR AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 1984年第2期131卷 183-193页

作者： DRAJIC, D VUCETIC, B UNIV BELGRADE FAC TRAFF & TRANSPORT ENGN YU-11000 BELGRADE YUGOSLAVIA

In the paper, the performances of hybrid as well as of ARQ and FEC systems are evaluated by simulation generating error statistics corresponding to a case of data transmission over local switched telephone lines. The channel model was based on finite time renewal processes. The criteria for a hybrid system with convolution codes were specially developed. The results show that, for simulated channel, characterised by dense bursts and many random errors in between, hybrid systems based on convolutional codes can improve the reliability considerably.

关键词： hybrid error control systems data transmission data communication systems error statistics codes communications applications of control codes ARQ dense bursts convolution codes random errors Other data transmission FEC hybrid system simulation generating error statistics random processes Control applications in telecommunications reliability Information theory local switched telephone lines

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Simple method for generating distance spectrum and multiplicities of convolutional codes

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-COMMUNICATIONS 1996年第5期143卷 247-249页

作者： Ping, L Department of Electronic Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong

The author presents a simple algorithm for generating the distance spectrum and multiplicities of convolutional codes. It is different from the existing methods in that no topological searching or matrix inversion is involved. Instead, the method presented consists of the recursion of a set of difference equations with a properly selected operational sequence. The computational cost of the new algorithm can be easily predicted and is modest.

关键词： convolution codes error correction codes difference equations algorithms

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A vector set partitioning noisy channel image coder with unequal error protection

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IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS 2000年第6期18卷 829-840页

作者： Mukherjee, D Mitra, SK Univ Calif Santa Barbara Dept Elect & Comp Engn Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA

A vector enhancement of Said and Pearlman's set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) methodology, named VSPIHT, has recently been proposed for embedded wavelet image compression. A major advantage of vector-based embedded coding with fixed length VQ's over scalar embedded coding is its superior robustness to noise, In this paper we show that vector set partitioning can effectively alter the balance of bits in the bit steam so that significantly fewer critical bits carrying significance information are transmitted, thereby improving inherent noise resilience. For low noise channels, the critical bits are protected, while the degradation in reconstruction quality caused by errors in noncritical quantization information, can be reduced by appropriate VQ indexing, or designing channel optimized VQ's for the successive refinement systems. For very noisy channels, unequal error protection to the critical and noncritical bits with either block codes or convolution codes are used. Additionally, the error protection for the critical bits is changed from pass to pass. A buffering mechanism is used to produce an unequally protected bit steam without sacrificing the embedding property, Extensive simulation results are presented for noisy channels, including bursty channels.

关键词： block codes convolution codes noisy channel unequal error protection vector SPIHT zerotree

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Scene classification for aerial images based on CNN using sparse coding technique

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING 2017年第8-10期38卷 2662-2685页

作者： Qayyum, Abdul Malik, Aamir Saeed Saad, Naufal M. Iqbal, Mahboob Abdullah, Mohd Faris Rasheed, Waqas Abdullah, Tuan A. B. Rashid Bin Jafaar, Mohd Yaqoob Univ Teknol PETRONAS Ctr Intelligent Signal & Imaging Res CISIR Dept Elect & Elect Engn Bandar Seri Iskandar Perak Malaysia Univ Tenaga Nas Dept Elect Engn IKRAM UNITEN Kajang Selangor Malaysia Sabah Elect Sdn Bhd SESB Wisma Lembaga Letrik Sabah Kota Kinabalu Saga Malaysia

Aerial scene classification purposes to automatically label aerial images with specific semantic categories. However, cataloguing presents a fundamental problem for high-resolution remote-sensing imagery (HRRS). Recent developments include several approaches and numerous algorithms address the task. This article proposes a convolutional neural network (CNN) approach that utilizes sparse coding for scene classification applicable for HRRS unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and satellite imagery. The article has two major sections: the first describes the extraction of dense multiscale features (multiple scales) from the last convolutional layer of a pre-trained CNN models;the second describes the encoding of extracted features into global image features via sparse coding to achieve scene classification. The authors compared experimental outcomes with existing techniques such as Scale-Invariant Feature Transform and demonstrated that features from pre-trained CNNs generalized well with HRRS datasets and were more expressive than low-and mid-level features, exhibiting an overall 90.3% accuracy rate for scene classification compared to 85.4% achieved by SIFT with sparse coding. Thus, the proposed CNN-based sparse coding approach obtained a robust performance that holds promising potential for future applications in satellite and UAV imaging.

关键词： AERIAL photogrammetry DRONE aircraft REMOTE-sensing images convolution codes NEURAL networks (Computer science)

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Proposed enhanced hybrid framework for efficient 3D-MVC and 3D-HEVC wireless communication

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MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2019年第11期78卷 14173-14193页

作者： El-Bakary, E. M. El-Shafai, W. El-Rabaie, S. Zahran, O. El-Halawany, M. Abd El-Samie, F. E. Menoufia Univ Dept Elect & Elect Commun Engn Fac Elect Engn Menoufia 32952 Egypt

The streaming of Three-Dimensional Video (3DV) over erroneous wireless channels causes Macro-Blocks (MBs) corruptions. Thus, the efficient performance of 3DV communication techniques over wireless channels has become an interesting research topic because of the restricted resources and the existence of severe communication losses. The 3DV consists of various video sequences captured via multiple cameras surrounding an object, and working simultaneously. Therefore, there is a need to achieve high encoding efficiency. Unfortunately, the highly-compressed 3DV content is subject to communication channel corruptions. Thus, in this research, we suggest the utilization of a chaotic randomization technique based on Baker map with convolution coding and equalization for high-quality 3D Multi-view Video Coding (MVC) and High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) transmission over an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) wireless system. Rayleigh fading and Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) are considered in this paper in a real scenario of 3DV transmission. Firstly, the 3DV volume is compressed making use of the intra- and inter-prediction correlations between frames. Then, the compressed 3D-MVC and 3D-HEVC frames are converted into binary data format. After that, the chaotic randomization technique is employed before the modulation stage. It is utilized to minimize the channel corruptions on the streamed encoded 3DV data, and it as well introduces a degree of encryption to the transmitted 3DV frames. To evaluate the efficiency of the suggested hybrid framework;different simulations on several 3D-MVC and 3D-HEVC frames have been executed. The results prove that the delivered 3DV frames with the suggested framework have high Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratios (PSNRs).

关键词： 3D MVC convolution codes Linear equalization Chaotic interleaving HEVC OFDM

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