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2024 Military Communications Conference

作者： He, Shilan Kim, Kyo Hyun Caesar, Matthew Kim, Jae Eckhardt, Josh Kimberly, Greg Univ Illinois Dept Elect & Comp Engn Urbana IL 61801 USA Univ Illinois Dept Comp Sci Urbana IL USA Boeing Res & Technol Seattle WA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350374247;9798350374230

During military operations, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) can act as aerial base stations to provide temporary communication services for ground users. Modern warfare often takes place in urban environments, where obstacles like trees and buildings can impede signal propagation, leading to reduced communication quality. This paper introduces an innovative approach using UAVs' observations of surrounding obstacles to make informed decisions about their movements for improved user coverage. We use Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) in a multi-agent setting to integrate real-time obstacle observations and cooperative strategies among UAVs for enhanced Line-of-Sight (LoS) connections essential for effective communication, establishing reliable communication networks in urban environments. The DRL-based decision-making framework enables UAVs to dynamically adjust their positions to achieve near-optimal user coverage, representing an advancement in urban warfare communication technology. Simulation results show that UAVs with the DRL-based decision-making framework achieve significantly improved coverage and shorter travel distances for enhanced operational efficiency in dense urban scenarios compared with baselines without considering obstacle observations.

关键词： UAVs urban communication coverage and connectivity MARL DRL

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coverage and connectivity in Duty-Cycled Wireless Sensor Networks for Event Monitoring

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS 2012年第3期23卷 475-482页

作者： He, Shibo Chen, Jiming Sun, Youxian Zhejiang Univ Dept Control State Key Lab Ind Control Technol Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang Peoples R China

In duty-cycled wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for stochastic event monitoring, existing efforts are mainly concentrated on energy-efficient scheduling of sensor nodes to guarantee the coverage performance, ignoring another crucial issue of connectivity. The connectivity problem is extremely challenging in the duty-cycled WSNs due to the fact that the link connections between nodes are transient thus unstable. In this paper, we propose a new kind of network, partitioned synchronous network, to jointly address the coverage and connectivity problem. We analyze the coverage and connectivity performances of partitioned synchronous network and compare them with those of existing asynchronous network. We perform extensive simulations to demonstrate that the proposed partitioned synchronous network has a better connectivity performance than that of asynchronous network, while coverage performances of two types of networks are close.

关键词： Duty-cycled WSNs coverage and connectivity partitioned synchronous network asynchronous network

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Path planning techniques for unmanned aerial vehicles: A review, solutions, and challenges

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COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS 2020年 149卷 270-299页

作者： Aggarwal, Shubhani Kumar, Neeraj Thapar Inst Engn & Technol Comp Sci & Engn Dept Patiala Punjab India

Path planning is one of the most important problems to be explored in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for finding an optimal path between source and destination. Although, in literature, a lot of research proposals exist on the path planning problems of UAVs but still issues of target location and identification persist keeping in view of the high mobility of UAVs. To solve these issues in UAVs path planning, optimal decisions need to be taken for various mission-critical operations performed by UAVs. These decisions require a map or graph of the mission environment so that UAVs are aware of their locations with respect to the map or graph. Keeping focus on the aforementioned points, this paper analyzes various UAVs path planning techniques used over the past many years. The aim of path planning techniques is not only to find an optimal and shortest path but also to provide the collision-free environment to the UAVs. It is important to have path planning techniques to compute a safe path in the shortest possible time to the final destination. In this paper, various path planning techniques for UAVs are classified into three broad categories, i.e., representative techniques, cooperative techniques, and non-cooperative techniques. With these techniques, coverage and connectivity of the UAVs network communication are discussed and analyzed. Based on each category of UAVs path planning, a critical analysis of the existing proposals has also been done. For better understanding, various comparison tables using parameters such as-path length, optimality, completeness, cost-efficiency, time efficiency, energy-efficiency, robustness and collision avoidance are also included in the text. In addition, a number of open research problems based on UAVs path planning and UAVs network communication are explored to provide deep insights to the readers.

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) communications Path planning techniques Space-air-ground integrated networks coverage and connectivity Security

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Routing and collision avoidance techniques for unmanned aerial vehicles: Analysis, optimal solutions, and future directions

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 2020年第18期33卷 e4628-e4628页

作者： Sharma, Bhisham Obaidat, Mohammad S. Sharma, Vinay Hsiao, Kuei-Fang Chitkara Univ Sch Engn & Technol Kallujhanda Himachal Prades India Univ Sharjah Coll Comp & Informat KASIT Sharjah U Arab Emirates Univ Jordan Amman Jordan Univ Sci & Technol Beijing Beijing Peoples R China Univ Sharjah Dept Informat Syst Sharjah U Arab Emirates

Routing remains the most important problem to be explored, for discovering an ideal pathway in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Several problems for identifying and targeting location continue giving the immense motility of UAVs. In routing planning, optimum decisions have to be taken for several vital operations for solving the issues in UAVs. Many types of routing techniques of UAVs, which have been used for many years, have been analyzed in this paper. Routing techniques aim to provide striking-free surroundings to the UAVs and not only to find an optimum path but also the smallest path. Routing techniques play a vital part in the development of a secured way in a minimal time to reach the ultimate destination and hence much needed. There are various routing techniques, real-time applications of UAVs which are elaborated in this paper, namely, representative, cooperative, and noncooperative techniques. In UAV, collision avoidance is very important for the obstacle-free environment. Collision avoidance techniques are discussed for a safe environment of UAV. Further, the UAVs network communication coverage and connectivity by these techniques are discussed. Finally, we discuss the security and connectivity and future directions in UAV.

关键词： collision avoidance communication cooperative coverage and connectivity noncooperative representative routing security UAVs

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A hybrid coverage control for enhancing UWSN localizability using IBSO-VFA

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AD HOC NETWORKS 2021年 123卷 102694-102694页

作者： Luo, Chengming Wang, Biao Cao, Yuxin Xin, Gaifang He, Cheng Ma, Lin Jiangsu Univ Sci & Technol Sch Elect & Informat Zhenjiang 212100 Jiangsu Peoples R China Hohai Univ Coll Internet Things Engn Changzhou 213022 Jiangsu Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Tsinghua Shenzhen Int Grad Sch Shenzhen 518000 Guangdong Peoples R China Changzhou Coll Informat Technol Dept Intelligent Equipment Changzhou 213164 Jiangsu Peoples R China

Underwater node coverage is the basis of various applications in underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN). It is easy to cause the coordinates of underwater nodes drift affected by water flow action. Some sparsely deployed underwater nodes may form coverage holes, which makes it impossible to locate underwater targets effectively. Combined with the water flow situation, this paper proposes an improved brain storm optimization integrated with virtual force algorithm (IBSO-VFA) for improving UWSN coverage performance. After analyzing the water jet model and the resultant force along Z axis, the velocity components of east, north and depth directions can be derived, which can reveal the coordinate evolution model of drifted underwater nodes under water flow action. Underwater nodes present non-uniform distribution of partly sparse and partly dense coverage, even with a lot of coverage holes. Inspired by the virtual force algorithm, the drifted underwater nodes are driven to their relative communicable positions. Meanwhile, the brain storm optimization has been improved and applied to avoid falling into local coverage optimum by pure VFA. Based on the node maximum coverage, the dual mapping of signal domain and localizability domain is established in consideration of ranging and coordinate errors. Finally, a comprehensive performance test is conducted to evaluate IBSO-VFA performance in terms of coverage rates, k-coverage and localizability area. The results indicate that the IBSOVFA can maximize the UWSN coverage and localizability performance. The proposed IBSO-VFA can provide a close-to-practical coverage model for drifted underwater nodes, and can provide a theoretical basis for ocean information perception in UWSN.

关键词： UWSN Drifted underwater nodes Improved BSO Virtual force algorithm coverage and connectivity Target localization

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Connecting Soldiers with Relay Robots in Challenging Environments 2

Connecting Soldiers with Relay Robots in Challenging Environ...

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Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Multi-Domain Operations Applications II Part of SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing Conference

作者： Wang, Bingyu Bobadilla, Leonardo Rathinam, Sivakumar Texas A&M Univ Dept Mech Engn College Stn TX 77843 USA Florida Int Univ Sch Comp & Informat Sci Miami FL 33199 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781510636040

Real-time exchange of information amongst a team of soldiers is critical to the success of their mission in a battlefield environment. The soldiers may not have a direct Line-of-Sight (LoS) between them in places with geographical separations and obstacles. A team of robots can be readily used in these scenarios to act as relays and facilitate real-time exchange of information between the soldiers. If there is no direct LoS between a pair of soldiers, the robots can be strategically placed and moved to act as a communication gateway between the soldiers. This article addresses the problem of placing a minimum number of robots in the environment such that any pair of soldiers can exchange information between each other either through direct LoS or through a series of relay robots. This problem is challenging, even in known environments, as the shape of the obstacles could be non-convex. We first show that this optimization problem is closely related to several NP-Hard problems. We then present fast heuristics that can find good feasible solutions to the problem. The heuristics sample the environment for potential robot locations and solve a connected set-cover problem to find a subset of locations that can provide the desired connectivity. The performance of the proposed heuristics is tested on a large number of problem instances generated by varying the number and placement of soldiers, and the shapes of the obstacles.

关键词： Relay robots Art gallery problem coverage and connectivity

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A Hybrid Approach to Maximize Lifetime in Connected Directional Sensor Networks with Adjustable Sensing Ranges

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2018年第1期27卷 159-167页

作者： LIU Shufen GAO Sihua HAN Lu College of Computer Science and Technology Jilin University

A directional sensor network consists of numerous small sensor nodes that have limited battery power and operate within a restricted sensing range angle. coverage and connectivity, as two important issues,are widely studied in directional sensor networks. Different from conventional directional sensor nodes in previous studies, those in the present study could adjust their sensing ranges within a range of several values. This paper addresses the Connected adjusted-ranges directional cover(CARDC) problem. The purpose is to organize the directional sensor nodes into a group of connected covers, and assign activities to them, thereby maximizing the network lifetime. We propose a hybrid approach that combines column generation with a genetic algorithm to solve the CARDC problem. The genetic algorithm is utilized to settle the auxiliary problem of column generation, which has the ability to efficiently provide attractive columns for the master problem. Compared with pure integer linear programming formulations, the proposed genetic algorithm significantly improves the speed of column generation method, especially in large-scale networks. The effect variety of number of directions, number of power levels,and communication range on the network lifetime are also investigated.

关键词： Directional sensor networks(DSNs) coverage and connectivity Column generation Genetic algorithm

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Energy and connectivity aware resource optimization of nodes traffic distribution in smart home networks

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FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ESCIENCE 2018年 88卷 559-570页

作者： Asghari, Vahid Cheriet, Mohamed Univ Quebec ETS Montreal PQ Canada

Smart home network is a network of connected devices and sensors in a house or a group of apartments in a building. It is expected that a huge number of sensors and access points (APs) are utilized in a smart home network in an integrated way to fulfill the necessary functionalities in homes and buildings. In this regard, energy optimization and providing network connectivity have an extremely important role in enabling smart home network in its mission. In this paper, we investigate the optimal measures that can be used to more optimally manage the sensor nodes traffic distribution between the available APs in a smart home network while considering joint constraints on the average energy consumption of the nodes and also the full coverage and connectivity across the network. In particular, we consider a typical smart home network scenario with multiple number of sensor nodes and APs distributed within the network area where the sensors have the freedom to choose between any neighboring APs for data communication that can better improve the energy efficiency and connectivity of the network. Accordingly, we consider constraints on the average battery consumption of the sensor nodes and also the energy consumption at the APs to improve energy efficiency and life-time of the smart home network. Moreover, an additional constraint is considered to guarantee the necessary full network connectivity and coverage across the proposed smart home network. In this regard, we consider a cost model for a typical smart home network and form an optimization problem that aims at minimizing the cost of the network while taking into account aforementioned constraints on the consumed energy by the sensor nodes and APs, and also addressing the coverage and connectivity requirements in the network. Finally, the benefits of using the proposed optimization problem in smart home networks are discussed and numerical results and comparisons regarding various operating scenarios are provided. (

关键词： Smart home network Energy optimization Software defined networks coverage and connectivity Lagrangian decomposition method

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Towards 3D Deployment of UAV Base Stations in Uneven Terrain 27

Towards 3D Deployment of UAV Base Stations in Uneven Terrain

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27th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN)

作者： He, Xiaofei Yu, Wei Xu, Hansong Lin, Jie Yang, Xinyu Lu, Chao Fu, Xinwen Towson Univ Dept Comp & Informat Sci Towson MD 21252 USA Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Dept Comp Sci & Technol Xian Shaanxi Peoples R China Univ Cent Florida Dept Comp Sci Orlando FL 32816 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781538651568

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, have become a new paradigm to provide emergency wireless communication infrastructure when conventional base stations are damaged or unavailable. In this paper, we propose new schemes to enable the 3D deployment of drones, which can provide network coverage and connectivity services for users located in uneven terrain. We formalize two models, including optimal coverage model and optimal connectivity model, which belong to NP-hard. To be specific, we first consider both the quality of service (QoS) requirements of users and the capacity of drones. We then formalize the problem and design a heuristic scheme, called Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to achieve a cost-effective solution. We also address the optimal connectivity problem in a scenario, in which a number of isolated local networks have been established by users through ad hoc communication and/or device-to-device (D2D) communication. We further develop the cost-effective heuristic algorithm to effectively minimize the total number of required drones. Via extensive performance evaluation, our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed schemes can achieve the effective deployment of drones for users in uneven terrain with respect to the number of required drones.

关键词： Unmanned Aerial Vehicles coverage and connectivity Network Performance Optimization Mobile Networks

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Striped-Flooding: Improve Scalability and Energy Efficiency of Flooding Algorithm in Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks 84

Striped-Flooding: Improve Scalability and Energy Efficiency ...

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84th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall)

作者： Yan, Haotian Xu, Zhezhuang He, Jianfeng Chen, Liquan Jiang, Hao Fuzhou Univ Sch Elect Engn & Automat Fuzhou 350000 Peoples R China Fuzhou Univ Adv Control Technol Res Ctr Fuzhou 350000 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509017010

In wireless sensor and actor networks (WSAN), the sensor node that detects an event always uses flooding algorithm to discover the path to the mobile actor. Although the flooding algorithm has many advantages such as its simplicity and reliability, it performs poorly in energy efficiency and scalability, especially in a dense deployed network. In this paper, we propose to consider the flooding algorithm design as the coverage and connectivity problem: the data packet has to be broadcast by a set of connected nodes, while their transmission range has to cover the whole network to ensure that the mobile actor can receive the data packet. Based on this idea, we propose a new algorithm called Striped-Flooding based on the strip-based deployment pattern which has been proved to provide coverage and connectivity with minimum number of nodes. The Striped-Flooding uses the parameters of line spacing scaling factor and deviation to control the flooding process such that the deliver rate can be guaranteed. The analytical and numerical results prove that the Striped-Flooding algorithm has greatly improvement on the energy efficiency and scalability, especially in the dense deployed WSAN.

关键词： Flooding Scalability Energy Efficiency coverage and connectivity Wireless Sensor and Actor Network

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