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coverage probability and Throughput Optimization in Integrated mmWave and Sub-6 GHz Multi-UAV-Assisted Disaster Relief Networks

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING 2024年第12期23卷 10918-10937页

作者： Gui, Jinsong Cai, Fujian Cent South Univ Sch Elect Informat Changsha 410075 Peoples R China Cent South Univ Sch Comp Sci & Engn Changsha 410083 Peoples R China

In the disaster-hit areas where ground network infrastructure has been severely damaged, one challenging problem for multi-UAV-assisted disaster relief networks is how to improve the coverage probability of each UAV. On the basis of solving this problem, the second challenging problem is how to design a channel and power-beam allocation scheme to optimize system throughput while meeting spectrum-energy efficiency constraint. In this article, we first propose a new method for measuring single UAV coverage quality, which considers both the ratio of effective coverage time to single loop flight time and that of the ground terminals with effective coverage time to the total ground terminals. Then, we develop a set of new algorithms to take advantage of the uneven distribution of ground terminals, which can achieve the total coverage probability improvement and the reduction of deployment costs of UAVs. Finally, we formulate the second problem as Markov decision process (MDP) and develop a solution based on deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG). Simulation results demonstrate the validity and superiority of our proposed solutions compared with other benchmark strategies in different perspectives.

关键词： Disaster relief network coverage probability throughput optimization spectrum-energy efficiency Disaster relief network coverage probability throughput optimization spectrum-energy efficiency

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coverage probability of RIS-Assisted Wireless Communication Systems With Random User Deployment Over Nakagami-m Fading Channel

IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY

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IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY 2025年 6卷 596-606页

作者： Al-Rimawi, Ashraf Al Rabee, Faeik T. Al-Dweik, Arafat Birzeit Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn P627 Birzeit Palestine Al Balqa Appl Univ Fac Engn Technol Dept Elect Engn Salt 19117 Jordan Khalifa Univ 6G Res Ctr Abu Dhabi U Arab Emirates Khalifa Univ Dept Comp & Informat Engn Abu Dhabi U Arab Emirates

In beyond 5G (B5G), the higher directivity and attenuation make millimeter-wave (mmWave) very vulnerable to blockages that degrades the system performance. However, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is considered as a key enabler for B5G applications to avoid the blockages effect. In this paper, to accurately model real-world behavior, we investigate a new analytical framework model for a RIS-aided wireless communication system with a random user deployment over Nakagami-$m$ fading channel where the user's position distributes according to random waypoint (RWP) model, to characterize the performance of the system, considering direct and indirect links. As a result, new expressions for end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), coverage probability, and ergodic capacity (EC) are derived. The impact of different metrics such as: blockages density (lambda(b)), number of RIS reflecting elements (N), fading parameter at the indirect link (mR), and path loss parameter (alpha) has been studied to evaluate the system performance. The results provide valuable insights into the performance of the system under these metrics. The coverage probability is degraded by increasing the blockage density and path loss parameter as they hinder the signal propagation and limit the signal strength at the MU. For example, at -10 dB, the coverage probability is degrading from 8x 10(-2) for blockage density lambda(b)=3 Blockes/km(2) to 5x 10(-5) at lambda(b)=11 Blockes/km(2). On the other hand, increasing the number of RIS reflecting elements (N) and fading parameter (m(R)) at the indirect link, improves the coverage probability by enhancing the signal strength, reducing the effects of fading, and compensating for environmental challenges such as blockages. For example, the coverage probability, at -10 dB, increases from 3 x 10(-1) at number of reflecting elements N = 15 to 8x 10(-1) at N=40. As well, the increasing of N and m(R) can significantly boost the EC as the system can direct th

关键词： Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces Wireless communication Signal to noise ratio Analytical models Millimeter wave communication System performance Channel models 5G mobile communication Vehicular and wireless technologies Quality of service B5G CDF coverage probability ergodic capacity Nakagami- m distribution PDF RIS RWP

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coverage probability of EH-enabled LoRa networks - A Deep Learning Approach

EAI Endorsed Transactions on Industrial Networks and Intelli...

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EAI Endorsed Transactions on Industrial Networks and Intelligent Systems 2025年第2期12卷 1-11页

作者： Nguyen, Thi-Tuyet-Hai Hung, Tran Cong Son, Nguyen Hong Hanh, Tan Duy, Tran Trung Tu, Lam-Thanh Faculty of Information Technology Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Technology Viet Nam School of Computer Science & Engineering Saigon International University Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Faculty of Telecommunications Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Technology Viet Nam Communication and Signal Processing Research Group Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam

The performance of energy harvesting (EH)-enabled long-range (LoRa) networks is analyzed in this work. Specifically, we employ deep learning (DL) to estimate the coverage probability (Pcov) of the considered networks. Our study incorporates a general fading distribution, specifically the Nakagami-m distribution, and utilizes tools from stochastic geometry (SG) to model the spatial distributions of all nodes and end-devices (EDs) with EH capability. The DL approach is employed to overcome the limitations of model-based methods that can only evaluate the Pcov under simplified network conditions. Therefore, we propose a deep neural network (DNN) that estimates the Pcov with high accuracy compared to the ground truth values. Additionally, we demonstrate that DL significantly outperforms the Monte Carlo simulation approach in terms of resource consumption, including time and memory. © (2025), (European Alliance for Innovation). All rights reserved.

关键词： coverage probability deep learning energy harvesting long range power beacon

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coverage probability and Area Potential Spectral Efficiency Analysis of 3D Dense SCMA Cellular Networks

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 2023年第12期22卷 8891-8903页

作者： Soltanpour, Meysam Zhang, Haixia Ding, Hui Shandong Univ Shandong Key Lab Wireless Commun Technol Jinan 250061 Shandong Peoples R China Shandong Univ Sch Control Sci & Engn Jinan 250061 Shandong Peoples R China Yunnan Dev & Reform Commiss Kunming 650051 Peoples R China

This paper investigates the dense multi-user sparse code multiple access (SCMA) cellular networks, where base stations (BSs) and users are randomly deployed in a 3D space by using stochastic geometry tools. First, a method increasing the dimension of the assignment matrix is presented to provide massive connectivity in each cell. The random pattern of arrangement of non-zero elements access (RPA) policy is utilized to allocate the available SCMA resources. Then the coverage probability is characterized under the nearest-BS (NBS) association mechanism by developing a multi-user connectivity model based on the RPA policy and average connectivity ratio (ACR). A compact closed-form expression of the coverage probability and its approximation are derived by utilizing the Toeplitz matrix and finite sum of power series, respectively. We then extract the area potential spectral efficiency (APSE) based on the coverage probability, and provide new insights into the 3D dense multi-cell SCMA networks. Simulation results confirm the precision of the theoretical results and demonstrate the advantage of the SCMA scheme.

关键词： Sparse code multiple access 3D multi-cell networks coverage probability poisson point process stochastic geometry

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coverage probability of energy harvesting enabled LoRa networks with stochastic geometry

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JOURNAL OF INFORMATION AND TELECOMMUNICATION 2024年第2期8卷 262-279页

作者： Nguyen, Thi-Tuyet-Hai Nguyen, Tan N. Duy, Tran Trung Son, Nguyen Hong Hanh, Tan Vu, Minh Bui Tu, Lam-Thanh Posts & Telecommun Inst Technol Fac Informat Technol Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam Ton Duc Thang Univ Fac Elect & Elect Engn Commun & Signal Proc Res Grp Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam Posts & Telecommun Inst Technol Fac Elect Engn Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam Nguyen Tat Thanh Univ Fac Engn & Technol Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam Ton Duc Thang Univ Fac Elect & Elect Engn Commun & Signal Proc Res Grp Ho Chi Minh City 70000 Vietnam

The average transmit power and coverage probability (Pcov) of uplink energy harvesting-enabled long-range networks are investigated in the present paper. Particularly, we model the end-device (EDs) according to the homogeneous Poisson point process while the power beacon is randomly distributed on the circle in the middle of the network. All EDs rely on the harvested energy to perform their operations and transmissions. Under this context, the upper bound of the average transmit power of an end-device is derived in the closed-form expression. The signal-to-noise-ratio condition of the coverage probability is given in the closed-form expression as well. Simulation results are provided to corroborate the accuracy of the derived mathematical framework as well as to feature the impact of some key parameters on the considered metrics. Our findings unveil that increasing either the number of power beacons or their transmit power will monotonically ameliorate the Pcov. Nevertheless, rising the average number of EDs will significantly decline the Pcov's performance.

关键词： coverage probability energy harvesting LoRa networks performance analysis

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coverage probability and Ergodic Capacity of Cell-Free Massive MIMO System

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IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2024年第5期13卷 1265-1269页

作者： Jin, Si-Nian Yue, Dian-Wu Chen, Yi-Ling Hu, Qing Dalian Maritime Univ Coll Informat Sci & Technol Dalian 116026 Peoples R China Dalian Neusoft Univ Informat Sch Intelligence & Elect Engn Dalian 116023 Peoples R China

This letter studies the performance of an uplink cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with maximum-ratio combining receiver over Rayleigh fading channel, in which many distributed access points configured with multiple antennas provide services to multiple single-antenna users. For such a system, we derive an exact expression for probability density function (PDF) of individual signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). Due to its complexity for performance evaluation purposes, this PDF of SINR is approximated as a gamma distribution, and the resulting expression is used to obtain the approximate expressions of the coverage probability and the ergodic capacity, respectively. Besides, in order to ensure uniformly good coverage probability and ergodic capacity, a max-min power control algorithm is proposed, which can be formed by solving a geometric programming problem. Numerical results verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis and confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： Cell-free massive MIMO coverage probability ergodic capacity max-min fairness

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Interference Management and coverage probability Enhancement in D2D Underlay Downlink Cellular Networks

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY 2025年第4期74卷 5843-5855页

作者： Rahim, V. C. Abdul Prema, S. Chris Indian Inst Space Sci & Technol Dept Avion Trivandrum 695547 India

Device-to-device (D2D) communication is a key technology in next-generation wireless networks to enhance spectrum resource utilization. The interference from the activated D2D links degrades the quality of service (QoS) provided to cellular users. In this work, we propose a location-based technique to tackle the interference caused by the D2D underlaying downlink cellular network. The devices operating in stationary and mobile modes are considered, with mobile devices modelled using a Gauss Markov mobility (GMM) model to simulate realistic user movement patterns. Initially, we present an interference mitigation approach that dynamically adjusts the guard zone (GZ) through power control to guarantee the required QoS for all users. A distance-based mode selection mechanism is proposed to enable the users to select their mode of communication based on different GZ regions. Furthermore, we derive the closed-form expressions of the average coverage probability for the cellular and D2D links under the proposed power control with guard zone (PC-GZ) scheme. Finally, extensive simulations confirm the efficacy of the proposed PC-GZ approach, illustrating a 15% increase in cellular coverage probability compared to the PC-ILA scheme in high D2D density scenarios.

关键词： Device-to-device communication Interference Power control Cellular networks Signal to noise ratio Resource management Quality of service Prevention and mitigation Downlink Computational modeling coverage probability device-to-device communications (D2D) guard zone (GZ) power control underlay cellular networks

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coverage probability of STAR-RIS-Assisted Massive MIMO Systems With Correlation and Phase Errors

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IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2022年第8期11卷 1738-1742页

作者： Papazafeiropoulos, Anastasios Abdullah, Zaid Kourtessis, Pandelis Kisseleff, Steven Krikidis, Ioannis Univ Hertfordshire Commun & Intelligent Syst Res Grp Hatfield AL10 9AB Herts England Univ Luxembourg SnT L-1855 Luxembourg Luxembourg Univ Cyprus IRIDA Res Ctr Commun Technol Dept Elect & Comp Engn CY-1678 Nicosia Cyprus

In this letter, we investigate a simultaneous transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) assisting a massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) system. In particular, we derive a closed-form expression for the coverage probability of a STAR-RIS assisted mMIMO system while accounting for correlated fading and phase-shift errors. Notably, the phase configuration takes place at every several coherence intervals by optimizing the coverage probability since the latter depends on statistical channel state information (CSI) in terms of large-scale statistics. As a result, we achieve a reduced complexity and overhead for the optimization of passive beamforming, which are increased in the case of STAR-RIS networks with instantaneous CSI. Numerical results corroborate our analysis, shed light on interesting properties such as the impact of the number of RIS elements and the effect of phase errors, along with affirming the superiority of STAR-RIS against reflective-only RIS.

关键词： Correlation Protocols Reflection probability density function Finite element analysis Array signal processing Optimization Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) simultaneous transmission and reflection spatial correlation coverage probability 6G networks

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coverage probability of Double-IRS Assisted Communication Systems

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IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2022年第1期11卷 96-100页

作者： Papazafeiropoulos, Anastasios Kourtessis, Pandelis Chatzinotas, Symeon Senior, John M. Univ Hertfordshire Commun & Intelligent Syst Res Grp Hatfield AL10 9AB Herts England Univ Luxembourg SnT L-2721 Luxembourg Luxembourg

In this letter, we focus on the coverage probability of a double-intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted wireless network and study the impact of multiplicative beamforming gain and correlated Rayleigh fading. In particular, we obtain a novel closed-form expression of the coverage probability of a single-input single-output (SISO) system assisted by two large IRSs while being dependent on the corresponding arbitrary reflecting beamforming matrices (RBMs) and large-scale statistics in terms of correlation matrices. Taking advantage of the large-scale statistics, i.e., statistical channel state information (CSI), we perform optimization of the RBMs of both IRSs once per several coherence intervals rather than at each interval. Hence, we achieve a reduction of the computational complexity, otherwise increased in multi-IRS-assisted networks during their RBM optimization. Numerical results validate the analytical expressions even for small IRSs, confirm enhanced performance over the conventional single-IRS counterpart, and reveal insightful properties.

关键词： Signal to noise ratio Rayleigh channels Reflection Correlation Array signal processing Coherence probability Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) distributed IRSs cooperative passive beamforming coverage probability beyond 5G networks

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coverage probability Analysis of a RIS-Assisted THz Indoor System Based on Ray Tracing Simulations

Coverage Probability Analysis of a RIS-Assisted THz Indoor S...

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IEEE Latin-American Conference on Communications (LATINCOM)

作者： Pereira da Silva, Higo Thaian de Alencar, Marcelo Sampaio Lira Queiroz, Wamberto Jose Silva, Hugerles Sales Univ Fed Campina Grande Dept Elect Engn Campina Grande Paraiba Brazil Univ Fed Rio Grande do Norte Dept Commun Engn Natal RN Brazil Univ Aveiro Inst Telecomunicacoes Dept Eletr on Telecomunicac oes & Informat Aveiro Portugal Univ Brasilia Dept Elect Engn Brasilia DF Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798350326871

The integration of reflective intelligent surfaces (RISs) with communication systems operating in the Terahertz (THz) range, spanning from 0.1 THz to 10 THz, is recognized as a pivotal technology for the future sixth-generation of wireless communications. A RIS consists of a surface that comprise multiple passive elements that can be engineered to induce phase shifts, enabling the partial control of the incident wave scattering. This unique property holds great potential for mitigating path losses inherent in the THz range, thereby enhancing system coverage. To assess the performance enhancements offered by multiple RISs in a indoor communications system operating at 0.2 THz, this study presents an analysis of the coverage probability in this environment. The simulation results demonstrate that deploying multiple RISs can enhance system coverage by up to 52% and concurrently improve the signal-to-noise ratio by up to 42.5 dB.

关键词： coverage probability ray tracing reflective intelligent surfaces THz communications

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