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coverage reliability Evaluation of Wireless Sensor Network Considering Common Cause Failures Based on D-S Evidence Theory

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON reliability 2021年第1期70卷 331-345页

作者： Liu, Qiang Shandong Univ Finance & Econ Sch Management Sci & Engn Jinan 250014 Peoples R China

In this article, the coverage reliability of wireless sensor network is evaluated from a new perspective. Based on the D-S evidence theory, we define the concept of belief degree of sensing result, establish a belief-degree-coverage model considering common cause failures, and define three indexes to evaluate the reliability of the above coverage model. In order to calculate the belief degree of the sensor's sensing result considering common cause failures, we use a membership function to obtain the basic probability assignment (BPA) of sensing results and derive the calculation formula of BPA of interference sources. Two algorithms to calculate three reliability indexes are proposed. The first is the perimeter coverage algorithm considering interference, the complexity of which is better than that of some other algorithm. The second is the algorithm based on Monte Carlo simulation, which is easy to program on the computer. We use the second algorithm to evaluate the coverage reliability and analyze the influence of parameters (the target's attribute value, interference factor, some threshold, and so on) on coverage reliability.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks reliability theory Interference Sensor phenomena and characterization Basic probability assignment (BPA) belief degree belief-degree-coverage common cause failure (CCF) coverage coverage reliability D– S evidence theory wireless sensor network (WSN)

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coverage reliability of IoT Intrusion Detection System based on Attack-Defense Game Design 21

Coverage Reliability of IoT Intrusion Detection System based...

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21st IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (IEEE TrustCom)

作者： Sun, Siyu Fan, Xiaoxuan Xia, Yunzhi Zhu, Chenlu Liu, Shenghao Yi, Lingzhi Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Cyber Sci & Engn Wuhan Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Hubei Chutian Expressway Digital Technol Co Ltd Wuhan Peoples R China Zhongnan Univ Econ & Law Sch Informat & Safety Engn Wuhan Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665494250

The emergence of new applications of Internet of Things (IoT) makes its security and reliability become one of the most concerning issues and requires more breakthroughs. To ensure reliable operation of IoT, network reliability measures are essential for quantifying the performance of such networks. In this paper, we focus on the problem of coverage reliability of IoT intrusion detection systems based on Attack-Defense Game Design. A comprehensive coverage reliability algorithm is proposed based on Monte Carlo simulations. The algorithm employs Byzantine attack and defense ideas to determine network node attributes and uses confident information model to calculate the network coverage area. Furthermore, we propose a system reliability metric based on the analytic hierarchy process method, which takes advantage of node attributes, network coverage and connectivity. The metric is used to compare algorithms in simulated experiments, and a series of simulation comparisons illustrate the superiority and usability of the proposed approach.

关键词： Internet of Things (IoT) coverage reliability intrusion detection system attack-defense game Confident Information coverage Model (CIC)

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Cell Edge User Capacity-coverage reliability Tradeoff for 5G-R Systems With Overlapped Linear coverage

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS 2022年第10期23卷 17936-17951页

作者： Zhang, Xu Lin, Siyu Feng, Weiyang Ning, Ruirui Ding, Jianwen Sun, Bin Ai, Bo Zhong, Zhangdui Beijing Jiaotong Univ Sch Elect & Informat Engn Beijing 100044 Peoples R China Res Inst China Mobile Beijing 100053 Peoples R China Beijing Jiaotong Univ Natl Res Ctr Railway Safety Assessment Beijing 100044 Peoples R China

Fifth-Generation mobile networks for Railway (5G-R) is a promising train-ground communication solution to deal with the design challenges on ubiquitous connections and high reliability transmission for smart railways. Considering the linear coverage scenario along the railway lines, deep overlapping coverage can enhance the coverage reliability, but the capacity of cell edge users is plagued by severe inter-cell interference. In this paper, the fundamental performance of 5G-R systems with linear redundant coverage is investigated. We quantitatively analyze the impact of inter-cell interference on the capacity of cell edge users, in which the exponential effective signal to interference plus noise (SINR) mapping method is utilized to analyze SINR distribution of 5G-R users. Then, we investigate the coverage reliability considering the base station (BS) failure. Finally, taking cell edge user capacity as the optimization objective, we analyze the cell edge user capacity-coverage reliability tradeoff for 5G-R systems, and then provide useful insights into BS deployment for 5G-R systems through performance simulations and numerical results.

关键词： Rail transportation reliability Fading channels Interference Computer architecture Microprocessors 5G mobile communication 5G-R cell edge user capacity coverage reliability deep overlapped linear coverage interference tradeoff

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Tensor-Based Confident Information coverage reliability of Hybrid Internet of Things

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING 2024年第3期23卷 2171-2185页

作者： Fan, Xiaoxuan Deng, Xianjun Xia, Yunzhi Yi, Lingzhi Yang, Laurence T. Zhu, Chenlu Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Hubei Engn Res Ctr Big Data Secur Sch Cyber Sci & Engn Hubei Key Lab Distributed Syst Secur Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Zhongnan Univ Econ & Law Sch Informat & Safety Engn Wuhan 430073 Hubei Peoples R China Hubei Chutian Expressway Digital Technol Co Ltd Wuhan 430073 Hubei Peoples R China

The widespread applications of the Hybrid Internet of Things (HIoT) have put forward higher requirements for network reliability. coverage reliability is one of the important metrics of reliability, and reliable coverage ensures network data perception and transmission to improve the Quality of Service (QoS). In this article, we define Confident Information coverage reliability (CICR) based on the Confident Information coverage Model (CIC), which comprehensively considers sensor multistate, sensor energy, coverage rate, and connectivity robustness to evaluate coverage reliability. Furthermore, a Tensor-based Confident Information coverage reliability Algorithm (T-CICR) is proposed based on tensor modeling to evaluate CICR. The algorithm uses a tensor-based Markov model to predict sensor multistate. Three tensors of coverage rate, sensor multistate, and sensor energy are constructed to provide unified representations. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm can significantly improve coverage reliability in terms of duty cycle, coverage rate requirement, sensing range, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) threshold, connectivity robustness requirement, and link reliability.

关键词： Confident Information coverage Model (CIC) connectivity robustness coverage reliability hybrid internet of things (HIoT) tensor

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Trust-Based Intrusion-Tolerant coverage reliability in Intelligent IoT Systems

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IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL 2024年第15期11卷 25637-25647页

作者： Xia, Yunzhi Tang, Xiao Yi, Lingzhi Yi, Yuanyuan Cheng, Minmin Deng, Xianjun Yang, Laurence T. Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Hubei Engn Res Ctr Big Data Secur Sch Cyber Sci & Engn Hubei Key Lab Distributed Syst Secur Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Univ South China Sch Mech Engn Hengyang 421001 Peoples R China Zhongnan Univ Econ & Law Sch Informat & Safety Engn Wuhan 430073 Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Journalism & Informat Commun Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Cyber Sci & Engn Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China China Nucl Power Operat Technol Corp Ltd Adv Technol & Intelligent Equipment Res Inst AII Wuhan 430223 Peoples R China Shenzhen Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Res Inst Shenzhen 518057 Peoples R China

The Internet of Things (IoT) has recently experienced a significant increase in the frequency of cyberattacks, leading to an urgent need for high security and reliability in intelligent IoT applications. Ensuring that interconnected devices within the system operate as expected and provide accurate data has become an essential concern. Reliable coverage can provide a trusted data source for the system. Comprehensively considering various factors, such as node multistate, potential intrusions, and interferences, a trust-based intrusion-tolerant coverage reliability evaluation algorithm (T-ITCR) is proposed to evaluate the coverage reliability based on the trust-based reliable confident information coverage model (T-RCIC). In T-ITCR, trust management is deeply integrated throughout the evaluation process, facilitating dynamic adjustments in node states, network connectivity, and node coverage weights. Malicious nodes are identified and excluded to guarantee the security of data sensing and transmission. Furthermore, to predict node states more accurately, a precise energy assessment mechanism is conducted based on node interaction processes. A significant number of experiments have demonstrated the performance of the proposed algorithm. Consequently, the T-ITCR algorithm demonstrates its ability to efficiently detect malicious intrusions and adjust network states, which significantly strengthens the security and reliability of the networks.

关键词： reliability Internet of Things Trust management Security reliability engineering Energy consumption Wireless sensor networks coverage reliability Internet of Things (IoT) intrusion tolerance trust management

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A Trust-Based Reliable Confident Information coverage Model of Wireless Sensor Networks for Intelligent Transportation

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY 2023年第7期72卷 9542-9554页

作者： Xia, Yunzhi Deng, Xianjun Yi, Lingzhi Liu, Shenghao Yang, Laurence T. Zhu, Chenlu Tang, Xiao Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Hubei Engn Res Ctr Big Data Secur Sch Cyber Sci & Engn Hubei Key Lab Distributed Syst Secur Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Zhongnan Univ Econ & Law Sch Informat & Safety Engn Wuhan 430073 Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Hubei Chutian Expressway Digital Technol Co Ltd Wuhan 430073 Peoples R China Univ South China Sch Mech Engn Hengyang 421001 Peoples R China

Wireless sensor nodes are vulnerable to interference or intrusion, especially in the tunnel scenario of intelligent transportation, which leads to potential risks to network security and reliability. Reliable coverage can ensure data perception and transmission, which helps to strengthen the reliability and quality of service (QoS) of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Existing coverage models, such as the disc model, do not consider malicious intrusion, which still has a great gap with the realistic application scenarios. Therefore, it is urgent to study a coverage model considering network intrusion and node reliability. In this paper, a novel trust-based reliable confident information coverage (T-RCIC) model is proposed based on the confident information coverage (CIC) model and trust management. Trust management is adopted to determine whether a node is trusted, critical trusted, or malicious. If a node is identified as malicious, all its functions will be blocked. For critical trusted nodes, the trust value is utilized to determine the trust feature distance to reduce its proportion of coverage estimation. Furthermore, the reliable coverage degree (RCD) is defined to evaluate coverage reliability from node trust value and reliable coverage percentage. Simulation results indicate that the proposed model inherits the advantages of the CIC model in the spatial correlation and can effectively identify malicious nodes. The proposed T-RCIC model can significantly enhance coverage reliability.

关键词： Wireless sensor network intelligent transportation trust management coverage reliability confident information coverage

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Performance characteristics of cellular systems with different link adaptation strategies

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY 2003年第6期52卷 1497-1507页

作者： Baum, KL Kostas, TA Sartori, PJ Classon, BK Motorola Labs Commun Syst Res Lab Schaumburg IL 60196 USA

In this paper, the theoretical performance of cellular systems with different types of link adaptation is analyzed. A general link and system performance analysis framework is developed to enable the system-level performance characteristics of the various link adaptation strategies to be studied and compared. More specifically, this framework is used to compare the downlink performance of fully loaded cellular systems with fixed power and modulation/coding, adaptive modulation/coding (AMC), adaptive power allocation (APA) with system-level AMC, and water-filling (WF). Performance is studied first for idealized methods, and then for cases where some practical constraints are imposed. Finally, a hybrid link adaptation scheme is introduced and studied. The hybrid scheme is shown to overcome most of the performance loss caused by the practical constraints. Moreover, the hybrid scheme, as opposed to WF, enables the system to be tuned to meet the most important performance objective for the system under consideration, such as coverage reliability, capacity, or data rate distribution. The algorithms and the framework presented in this paper can be used to improve the link adaptation performance of modern cellular systems such as HSDPA.

关键词： adaptive modulation and coding adaptive power allocation (APA) cellular systems coverage reliability EDGE frequency reuse HSDPA hybrid link adaptation link adaptation link degradation factor maximum modulation/coding rate (MCR) modified Shannon limit model one-call reuse path loss slope power control system capacity water filling

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Simple Formulas for Area coverage Probability of Cellular Wireless Networks

Simple Formulas for Area Coverage Probability of Cellular Wi...

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IEEE 75th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)

作者： Yang, Hong Bell Labs Math Networks & Commun Res Dept Murray Hill NJ 07974 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467309905;9781467309882

Reudink's formula which describes the relationship between cell edge coverage probability and cell area coverage probability is routinely used in link budgets for cellular wireless network dimensioning and designs. A major drawback of this formula is that the effect of handoffs in the cellular network is not taken into account. The formulas derived in this paper overcome this drawback. The new formulas take into account the correlation between two fading handoff links, and allow the shadow fading standard deviations and the RF propagation loss exponents to be different for the two fading handoff paths. In addition, the formulas also allow the correlation between the handoff links to vary as a function of the distance between the mobile and the base stations. These new formulas are easily implemented in a spreadsheet since they are all represented as an integral of an explicit smooth function on the interval [0,1]. The importance and the necessity of the new formulas are demonstrated by applying them to several typical RF design scenarios and show that the widely used link margins in today's RF designs are too optimistic by more than one dB.

关键词： RF design RF signals shadow fading slow fading coverage probability coverage reliability fade margin RF coverage link budget

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Constant-Envelope Omni-Directional Transmission with Diversity in Massive MIMO Systems

Constant-Envelope Omni-Directional Transmission with Diversi...

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IEEE Global Communications Conference

作者： Xin Meng Xiang-Gen Xia Xiqi Gao Nat. Mobile Commun. Res. Lab. Southeast Univ. Nanjing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479935130

The common signals in public channels of cellular networks should be transmitted omni-directionally from the base station to guarantee reliable coverage. In this paper, we propose a transmission scheme for public channels in massive MIMO systems based on the precoding-extended Alamouti code. This proposed space-time code has the following four features: 1) the transmitted signal is omni-directional, i.e., its DFT has constantenvelope;2) the transmitted signal on each antenna has constant-envelope to achieve the highest power-efficiency;3) the maximum diversity order 2 can be obtained;4) it is easy for downlink channel estimation at the user side. Furthermore, we propose two different constellation designs for the two symbols in this space-time code, i.e., these two symbols can be modulated independently or jointly. The independent design has the advantage in fast decoding while the joint design has the advantage in superior performance. Simulations verify the effectiveness of our scheme.

关键词： MIMO communication cellular radio channel estimation decoding diversity reception precoding space-time codes telecommunication network reliability DFT base station cellular network public channels constant-envelope omnidirectional transmission constellation designs coverage reliability downlink channel estimation fast decoding massive MIMO systems maximum diversity order omnidirectional signal transmission power efficiency precoding-extended Alamouti code space-time code Channel estimation Decoding Discrete Fourier transforms MIMO Transmitting antennas Vectors Alamouti code Massive MIMO systems broadcast equal-power transmission omni-directional transmission public channel

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Simple Formulas for Area coverage Probability of Cellular Wireless Networks

Simple Formulas for Area Coverage Probability of Cellular Wi...

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IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference

作者： Hong Yang Mathematics of Networks and Communications Research Department Bell Laboratories Alcatel-Lucent Murray Hill NJ 07974 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467309899

关键词： RF design RF signals shadow fading slow fading coverage probability coverage reliability fade margin RF coverage link budget formula Wireless networks handoff Cells fading color coverage Spreadsheets radiofrequency link budget link margin

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