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The assessment of surface acoustic wave sensing for testing fuel dilution of lubricating oils

MEASUREMENT 2024年 231卷

作者： Chybowski, Leszek Kowalak, Przemys law Szczepanek, Marcin Jozwiak, Przemys law Danisiewicz, Pawe l Maritime Univ Szczecin Fac Marine Engn Dept Machine Construct & Mat 2 Willowa Str PL-71650 Szczecin Poland Maritime Univ Szczecin Fac Marine Engn Dept Marine Power Plants 2 Willowa Str PL-71650 Szczecin Poland Maritime Univ Szczecin Fac Marine Engn Dept Power Engn 2 Willowa Str PL-71650 Szczecin Poland Air Force Inst Technol Aero Engines Div Ul Ksiec Boleslawa 6 PL-01494 Warsaw Poland

This article presents an assessment of the accuracy and repeatability of oil dilution measuring apparatus. The device uses surface acoustic wave sensing (SAW), and the measurement method meets the ASTM D8004 standard. Since the described in the ASTM standard definitions of accuracy and repeatability are not easy to compare with definitions in the ISO standards, a comparative experiment was settled. Mixtures of the SAE 30 and SAE 40 grades lubricating oil with diesel oil in a high -precision concentration of 0, 1, 2, 5, and 10 % m/m were tested. The calculated root mean square error (RMSE) of measurement results against the expected value, was RMSE SAE 30 = 0.57 % m/m and RMSE SAE 40 = 1.33 % m/m. Additionally, the method based on the flash point was tested to compare estimated dilutions (SAW vs. flashpoint). The results show that the flash point gives a better estimation than SAW. The device can be used for industrial tests.

关键词： A accuracy of the apparatus A C M ¯ accuracy of the concentration measurement API American Petroleum Institute ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials C exact (expected) mass concentration of diesel oil in the lubricating oil CD CF, API quality classes of lubricating oils for self-ignition engines C i i -th measured value of the mass concentration of diesel oil in the lubricating oil C M ¯ mean value of measured concentration d measurement scale resolution DMX marine distillate fuels category according to the ISO 8217:2017 standard ESR electron spin resonance FDM fuel dilution meter FTIR Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy GC gas chromatography GC–MS gas chromatography and mass spectrometry GUM guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement i measurement number ISO International Organization for Standardization JPI Japan Petroleum Institute K coveragefactor m f mass of diesel oil m o mass of lubricating oil MSE mean square error n number of measurements NMR nuclear magnetic resonance p confidence level R repeatability of apparatus R C M ¯ repeatability of the concentration measurement RMSE root mean square error RSD relative standard deviation s experimental standard deviation of the mean s C M ¯ standard deviation of the measured concentration SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SAE 30 SAE 40, viscosity grades of lubricating oils according to the SAE J300-2021 standard SAW surface acoustic wave t Student’s distribution coefficient t FP flash point temperature u ( δ ) uncertainty of the balance indication error from the calibration certificate u ( r ) composite uncertainty of repeatability of scale indications u A type A standard uncertainty of measurement u B type B standard uncertainty of measurement u B ( C ) type B standard uncertainty of the mass fraction C measurement u C combined standard measurement uncertainty u m uncertainty of the determined mass of fuel or lubricating oil u s type B standard uncertainty of mass indication with a laboratory scale UV ultraviolet spectrometry u w type

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