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Embedded multiport data buffer for a solid-state drive controller

IEICE ELECTRONICS EXPRESS 2021年第9期18卷 20210132-20210132页

作者： Liu, Hailuan Fan, Lingyan Luo, Jianjun Feng, Guorui Hangzhou Dianzi Univ Microelect Res Inst Hangzhou 310028 Peoples R China Shanghai Univ Shanghai 200444 Peoples R China

Solid-state drives (SSDs) for mobile and embedded systems may not provide very high performance by today's standards;however, they are small, low cost and consume little power. SSD controllers are thus designed as DRAM-less chips. SRAM cells created by the IC foundry as a standard module are embedded in the SSD controller as data buffer and can be single-port or two-port. In an SSD controller, more than two IPs simultaneously access the same SRAM, such as the CPU, data interface, and multiflash memory channel. It is thus complicated to exchange data between multiple ports. A new architecture of the multi-port data buffer (M-buffer) is proposed in this study to solve this problem. M-buffer is composed of wide SRAM, a smart arbitrator and several interface port logics. The M-buffer can be designed as a reusable architecture and is small, low cost and consumes little power.

关键词： SSD SRAM data buffer

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Loss waveform interval for the data buffering of a multiple-channel microcomputer-based oscilloscope system

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT 2005年第1期54卷 45-51页

作者： Bai, YW Wei, HG Fu Jen Catholic Univ Dept Elect Engn Taipei 242 Taiwan Ind Technol Res Inst Hsinchu 310 Taiwan

Microcomputer-based oscilloscope instruments have been developed recently because they can easily process, store, and transmit various measured signals with the help of computers. Although this type of oscilloscope is workable and available, at the present time, we still do not know too much about the quantitative relationships with respect to the system bandwidth, the buffer size, the channel numbers, and the loss waveform interval in the data buffering mechanism of an asynchronous microcomputer-based oscilloscope. In this paper, we propose a modified queueing model for the quantitative analysis of these relationships. The primary results from this model and the measurement of the experimental system show the higher the required bandwidth, the higher the loss of the waveform interval for the measured signals. Fortunately, our oscilloscope is used to measure repetitive "periodic" waveforms, so the loss waveform intervals due to state transition will not cause any serious problem from a steady-state point of view.

关键词： data buffer loss waveform interval microcomputer oscilloscope queueing model

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Two FIFO ring performance experiments

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 1999年第2期87卷 297-307页

作者： Molnar, CE Jones, IW Coates, WS Lexau, JK Fairbanks, SM Sutherland, IE Sun Microsyst Inc Palo Alto CA 94303 USA

Asynchronous circuits are often perceived to operate slower than equivalent clocked circuits. We demonstrate with fabricated chips that asynchronous circuits can be every bit as fast as clocked circuits. We describe two high-speed first-in-first-out (FIFO) circuits that we used to compare the performance of asynchronous FIFO's with that of conventionally clocked shift registers. The first FIFO circuit uses a pulse-like protocol, which we call the Asynchronous Symmetric Persistent Pulse Protocol (asP*), to advance data along a pipeline of conventional latches. Use of this protocol requires careful management of circuit delays. The second FIFO circuit uses a transition signaling protocol and special transition latches to store data. These transition latches are fast, but they are about 50% larger than conventional latches. Measurements obtained from chips fabricated in 0.6-mu m CMOS and from SPICE simulations show that the throughput of the first FIFO design matches that of a conventionally clocked shift register design, with a maximum throughput of 1.1 Giga data items per second The throughput of the second design exceeds the performance of the asP* design and achieves a maximum throughput of 1.7 Giga data items per second. We have extensively tested the chips and have found them to operate reliably over a very wide range of conditions.

关键词： asynchronous control signaling protocols asynchronous logic circuits buffer circuits first-in-first-out (FIFO) data buffer latch circuits Micropipeline Muller C-element pipelines protocols

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Adaptive estimation algorithm for aircraft engine performance monitoring

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JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER 2008年第4期24卷 763-769页

作者： Leonard, Olivier Borguet, Sebastien Dewallef, Pierre Univ Liege B-4000 Liege Belgium

In the frame of turbine engine performance monitoring, system identification procedures are often used to adapt a simulation model of the engine to some observed data through a set of so-called health parameters. Doing so, the values of these health parameters are intended to represent the actual health condition of the engine. The Kalman filter has been widely used to achieve the identification procedure in real-time onboard applications. However, to achieve a proper filtering of the measurement noise, the health parameters are often assumed to vary in time relatively slowly, preventing any abrupt accidental events from being tracked effectively. This contribution presents a procedure called adaptive filtering. Based on a covariance-matching method, it is intended to automatically release the health parameters once an accidental event is detected. This enables the Kalman filter to deal with both continuous and abrupt fault conditions.

关键词： Aircrafts Extended Kalman Filter Adaptive Filter Turbofan Engines High Pressure Turbine data buffer Probability Density Functions data Acquisition Aircraft Engines Gas Turbine Engines

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Modeling Autonomous Systems

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JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2013年第8期10卷 396-412页

作者： Whitsitt, Sean Sprinkle, Jonathan Univ Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA

Middleware designed to describe sensing, control, and computational communications of components within unmanned systems enables the creation of clean interfaces between the low-level mechanics of such systems and the higher-level logic designed to control them. This paper presents a modeling environment with a domain-specific ontology for autonomous systems, capable of generating software necessary for intercomputer communications according to existing autonomous systems middleware standards. Metamodels are used to specify the domain-specific modeling language to model the messages used, the interfaces between components, and some of the functionality of the components that transmit and receive messages. The generated code supports the high data rates expected in autonomous systems that use lossy message compression. Tests for the messaging infrastructure are also generated for the messages. Also, using this research, this code generation process can be extended to any component-based platform with a similar ontology. The case study and test environment for the software generated by this project is an autonomous ground vehicle, modeled on a Ford Escape Hybrid and used in laboratory experiments.

关键词： Autonomous Systems Unmanned System Middleware Software Autonomous Ground Vehicle Application Programming Interface data Structures Generic Modeling Environment data buffer Transmission Control Protocol Component Based Design

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NONINTERFERENCE BLADE-VIBRATION MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR GAS-TURBINE ENGINES

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JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER 1989年第6期5卷 727-730页

作者： WATKINS, WB UNITED TECHNOL RES CTR E HARTFORD CT 06108 USA

A noninterfering blade-vibration measurement system has been demonstrated in tests of a gas turbine firststage fan. Conceptual design of the system, including its theory, design of case mounted probes, and data acquisition and signal-processing hardware, was done in a previous effort. The current effort involved instrumentation of an engine fan stage with strain gages;data acquisition using shaft-mounted reference and casemounted optical probes;recording of data on a wideband tape recorder;and posttest processing using both off-line analysis in a facility computer and a minicomputer-based readout system designed for near-real time readout. Results are presented in terms of true blade-vibration frequencies, time- and frequency-dependent vibration amplitudes, and comparison of the optical noninterference results with strain-gage readings. © 1987 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gas Turbine Engines data Acquisition Vibration Amplitude Signal Processing Real Time System Cost Effectiveness data Analysis data buffer Turbomachines Analog Signal

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Implementing a mobile virtual electromagnetics laboratory

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IET SCIENCE MEASUREMENT & TECHNOLOGY 2012年第5期6卷 398-402页

作者： Browne, D. R. Flint, J. A. Pomeroy, S. C. Univ Loughborough Sch Elect Elect & Syst Engn Loughborough LE11 3TU Leics England

Modern mobile devices are sufficiently powerful to execute computationally intensive mathematical problems. This study presents an implementation of a two-dimensional transmission line matrix method (TLM) solver executing on a Smartphone. Software development and architectural design are discussed, focusing on object-oriented strategies for modular and reusable code. Optimisation strategies are also discussed, with large variations in performance observed dependent on the data-caching method that is used. Swapping between data buffers using pointers was shown to be the most effective method, offering significant performance gains over the original software. It was shown for a mesh measuring 246 by 370 nodes running on an iPhone 4 that an update rate of 9.37 fps could be achieved.

关键词： pointer cache storage Optimisation techniques iPhone object-oriented strategy mobile computing architectural design mobile virtual electromagnetic laboratory Mobile radio systems optimisation computational electromagnetics Software engineering techniques smart phones Ubiquitous and pervasive computing Algebra data caching method Semiconductor storage Electrical engineering computing 2D transmission line matrix method data buffer software architecture smart phone software reusability transmission line matrix methods software development swapping reusable code mobile device modular code Object-oriented programming object-oriented programming

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A Methodology for Designing the Control of Energy Harvesting Sensor Nodes

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IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS 2015年第3期33卷 598-607页

作者： Edalat, Neda Motani, Mehul Walrand, Jean Huang, Longbo Natl Univ Singapore Dept Elect & Comp Engn Singapore 117583 Singapore Univ Calif Berkeley Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Berkeley CA 94720 USA Tsinghua Univ IIIS Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

Sensor nodes equipped with renewable energy sources are capable of recharging their batteries and supporting data collection and transmission indefinitely. Energy and data management of these types of systems is challenging primarily due to the variability of renewable energy sources and transmission channels. This paper explores a methodology for designing the control of such systems. The goal is to jointly control the energy usage and data sampling rate to maximize the long-term performance of the system subject to the constraints imposed by the available energy and data. The design of this control is based on estimates of the large deviations of the energy stored in the battery and of the queued data. A low-complexity control policy is proposed that does not depend on the instantaneous charge of the battery and data backlog and almost maximizes the long-term data transmission rate. Moreover, the results show that one can decouple the analysis of the energy and of the data queue without much loss in performance.

关键词： Renewable energy storage data buffer control large deviations Markov chain effective rate

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Anomaly detection in wireless sensor networks based on time factor

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JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & FUZZY SYSTEMS 2019年第4期37卷 4639-4645页

作者： Li, Yan Ningbo Dahongying Univ Ningbo 315015 Zhejiang Peoples R China

With the development and wide application of wireless sensor networks, a data detection method based on time series is proposed to solve the problem that the sampling values of sensors vary greatly in harsh environments and the detection results of events are inaccurate with the increase of fault nodes in wireless sensor networks. The median of the normal data collected by the sensor is used to establish the reference value, and then the confidence interval is constructed. Finally, a method based on calculating the difference degree of the data interval is proposed to determine the source of the anomaly. The experimental results show that the proposed method keeps the detection rate of abnormal data in sensor networks above 98% and the false alarm rate below 0.6%. It has certain reliability and practicability.

关键词： Anomaly detection wireless sensor network data buffer confidence interval difference

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Dynamic online joint energy management and sampling rate control in energy harvesting aided IoT network

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IET COMMUNICATIONS 2021年第3期15卷 351-363页

作者： Feng, Chunhui Yang, Qinghai Qin, Meng Kwak, Kyung Sup Xidian Univ Sch Telecommun Engn State Key Lab ISN 2 South Taibai Rd Xian 710071 Shaanxi Peoples R China Peking Univ Sch Elect & Comp Engn Shenzhen Guangdong Peoples R China Shenzhen Pengcheng Lab Shenzhen Guangdong Peoples R China Inha Univ Grad Sch Informat Technol & Telecommunicat Incheon South Korea

Energy harvesting (EH) aided Internet of Things (IoT) network is a promising paradigm to librate IoT network from energy deficiency. Dynamic energy and traffic scheduling in such a scenario is challenging due to temporal correlation of energy constraints and delay requirements of IoT applications. In this paper, joint energy management and sampling rate control to explore the tradeoff between network utility and delay performance are studied while maintaining the energy causality constraint. Taking into account the dynamic characteristics of EH process, channel fading and traffic arrivals, a stochastic optimisation problem is formulated to maximise the network utility. Leveraging the Lyapunov optimisation approach, combined with the idea of weight perturbation, a framework is proposed to decompose the stochastic problem into several deterministic sub-problems that can be solved separately. Based on the framework, an online resource allocation algorithm is developed to achieve two major goals: first, balancing energy consumption and energy harvesting to stabilise their data and energy queues;second, deriving the utility-delay tradeoff by adjusting the control parameter. The stability of data buffer and energy buffer in the proposed network is theoretical verified with performance analysis.

关键词： Lyapunov optimisation approach queueing theory telecommunication power management Lyapunov methods energy consumption dynamic online joint energy management Optimisation techniques energy buffer telecommunication control energy causality constraint stochastic optimisation problem fading channels Control applications in data transmission Computer networks and techniques energy harvesting energy harvesting aided Internet of Things network Energy harvesting Computer communications traffic scheduling data buffer telecommunication scheduling energy harvesting aided IoT network resource allocation utility-delay tradeoff network utility energy scheduling stochastic programming Stability in control theory Internet of Things online resource allocation algorithm Radio links and equipment IoT applications energy queues telecommunication traffic Queueing systems

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