Diagnosis is a basic issue of any fault-tolerance policy. Fault localization within the neural architecture is necessary to provide information for hardware reconfiguration in order to achieve system survival, possibl...
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Diagnosis is a basic issue of any fault-tolerance policy. Fault localization within the neural architecture is necessary to provide information for hardware reconfiguration in order to achieve system survival, possibly with reduced computational capabilities. In this paper, a comprehensive approach to architectural fault-tolerant design of neural networks is proposed and evaluated, with specific reference to concurrent high-level diagnosis and fault localization. The approach refers to the operational life of trained neural networks. Two error detection techniques are applied: on-line concurrent diagnosis with the use of data coding for error detection at neuron level and on-line compact testing for localization of the faulty neuron within the network. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Medication exposure is an important variable in virtually all clinical research, yet there is great variation in how the data are collected, coded, and analyzed. coding and classification systems for medication data a...
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Medication exposure is an important variable in virtually all clinical research, yet there is great variation in how the data are collected, coded, and analyzed. coding and classification systems for medication data are heterogeneous in structure, and there is little guidance for implementing them, especially in large research networks and multi-site trials. Current practices for handling medication data in clinical trials have emerged from the requirements and limitations of paper-based data collection, but there are now many electronic tools to enable the collection and analysis of medication data. This paper reviews approaches to coding medication data in multi-site research contexts, and proposes a framework for the classification, reporting, and analysis of medication data. The framework can be used to develop tools for classifying medications in coded data sets to support context appropriate, explicit, and reproducible data analyses by researchers and secondary users in virtually all clinical research domains. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Fields such as medicine, biomechanics or ergonomics need to measure the positions and the rotational movements of body segments. The aim of this article is to underscore the problem of imperfection on angle measuremen...
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Fields such as medicine, biomechanics or ergonomics need to measure the positions and the rotational movements of body segments. The aim of this article is to underscore the problem of imperfection on angle measurement using a three-dimensional television system. First, the error on a single angle value is assessed through the classical Taylor's formula and through a simulating approach. Then the error is considered for an entire signal through either an experimental signals, a specific coding technique is suggested. Finally, two graphical pattern are proposed th show globally the distance between the signals with regard to the error.
BACKGROUND. States, including Illinois, have passed legislation mandating the use of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes for reporting healthcare-associated...
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BACKGROUND. States, including Illinois, have passed legislation mandating the use of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes for reporting healthcare-associated infections, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). OBJECTIVE. To evaluate the sensitivity of ICD-9-CM code combinations for detection of MRSA infection and to understand implications for reporting. METHODS. We reviewed discharge and microbiology databases from July through August of 2005, 2006, and 2007 for ICD-9-CM codes or microbiology results suggesting MRSA infection at a tertiary care hospital near Chicago, Illinois. Medical records were reviewed to confirm MRSA infection. Time from admission to first positive MRSA culture result was evaluated to identify hospital-onset MRSA (HO-MRSA) infections. The sensitivity of MRSA code combinations for detecting confirmed MRSA infections was calculated using all codes present in the discharge record ( up to 15);the effect of reviewing only 9 diagnosis codes, the number reported to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, was also evaluated. The sensitivity of the combination of diagnosis codes for detection of HO-MRSA infections was compared with that for community-onset MRSA (CO-MRSA) infections. RESULTS. We identified 571 potential MRSA infections with the use of screening criteria;403 (71%) were confirmed MRSA infections, of which 61 (15%) were classified as HO-MRSA. The sensitivity of MRSA code combinations was 59% for all confirmed MRSA infections when 15 diagnoses were reviewed compared with 31% if only 9 diagnoses were reviewed (P < .001). The sensitivity of code combinations was 33% for HO-MRSA infections compared with 62% for CO-MRSA infections (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS. Limiting analysis to 9 diagnosis codes resulted in low sensitivity. Furthermore, code combinations were better at revealing CO-MRSA infections than HO-MRSA infections. These limitations could compromise the
BackgroundClinical studies of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and unruptured cerebral aneurysms lack uniformity in terms of variables used for assessments and clinical examination of patients which has led to difficulty...
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BackgroundClinical studies of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and unruptured cerebral aneurysms lack uniformity in terms of variables used for assessments and clinical examination of patients which has led to difficulty in comparing studies and performing meta-analyses. The overall goal of the National Institute of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms (UIA) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) Common data Elements (CDE) Project was to provide common definitions and terminology for future unruptured intracranial aneurysm and SAH *** paper summarizes the recommendations of the subcommittee on SAH Assessments and Clinical Examination. The subcommittee consisted of an international and multidisciplinary panel of experts in UIA and SAH. Consensus recommendations were developed by reviewing previously published CDEs for other neurological diseases including traumatic brain injury, epilepsy and stroke, and the SAH literature. Recommendations for CDEs were classified by priority into core, supplementalhighly recommended, supplemental and *** identified 248 variables for Assessments and Clinical Examination. Only the World Federation of Neurological Societies grading scale was classified as Core. The Glasgow Coma Scale was classified as SupplementalHighly Recommended. All other Assessments and Clinical Examination variables were categorized as *** recommended Assessments and Clinical Examination variables have been collated from a large number of potentially useful scales, history, clinical presentation, laboratory, and other tests. We hope that adherence to these recommendations will facilitate the comparison of results across studies and meta-analyses of individual patient data.
IntroductionThe Common data Elements (CDEs) initiative is a National Institute of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) effort to standardize naming, definitions, data coding, and data...
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IntroductionThe Common data Elements (CDEs) initiative is a National Institute of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) effort to standardize naming, definitions, data coding, and data collection for observational studies and clinical trials in major neurological disorders. A working group of experts was established to provide recommendations for Unruptured Aneurysms and Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) *** paper summarizes the recommendations of the Hospital Course and Acute Therapies after SAH working group. Consensus recommendations were developed by assessment of previously published CDEs for traumatic brain injury, stroke, and epilepsy. Unruptured aneurysm- and SAH-specific CDEs were also developed. CDEs were categorized into core, supplementalhighly recommended, supplemental and *** identified and developed CDEs for Hospital Course and Acute Therapies after SAH, which included: surgical and procedure interventions;rescue therapy for delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI);neurological complications (i.e. DCI;hydrocephalus;rebleeding;seizures);intensive care unit therapies;prior and concomitant medications;electroencephalography;invasive brain monitoring;medical complications (cardiac dysfunction;pulmonary edema);palliative comfort care and end of life issues;discharge status. The CDEs can be found at the NINDS Web site that provides standardized naming, and definitions for each element, and also case report form templates, based on the *** of the recommended Hospital Course and Acute Therapies CDEs have been newly developed. Adherence to these recommendations should facilitate data collection and data sharing in SAH research, which could improve the comparison of results across observational studies, clinical trials, and meta-analyses of individual patient data.
IntroductionIn studies on aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), substantial variability exists in the use and timing of outcomes and endpoints, which complicates interpretation and comparison of results between st...
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IntroductionIn studies on aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), substantial variability exists in the use and timing of outcomes and endpoints, which complicates interpretation and comparison of results between studies. The aim of the National Institute of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Library of Medicine Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm (UIA) and SAH common data elements (CDE) Project was to provide a common structure for future UIA and SAH *** article summarizes the recommendations of the UIA and SAH CDE Outcomes and Endpoints subgroup, which consisted of an international and multidisciplinary ad hoc panel of experts in clinical outcomes after SAH. Consensus recommendations were developed by review of previously published CDEs for other neurological diseases and the SAH literature. Recommendations for CDEs were classified by priority into Core, SupplementalHighly Recommended, Supplemental, and *** subgroup identified over 50 outcomes measures and template case report forms (CRFs) to be included as part of the UIA and SAH CDE recommendations. None was classified as Core. The modified Rankin Scale score and Montreal Cognitive Assessment were considered the preferred outcomes and classified as SupplementalHighly Recommended. Death, Glasgow Outcome Scale score, and Glasgow Outcome Scale-extended were classified as Supplemental. All other outcome measures were categorized as Exploratory. We propose outcome assessment at 3months and at 12months for studies interested in long-term outcomes. We give recommendations for standardized *** recommended outcome measures and CRFs have been distilled from a broad pool of potentially useful CDEs, scales, instruments, and endpoints. The adherence to these recommendations will facilitate the comparison of results across studies and meta-analyses of individual patient data.
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