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Concurrent diagnosis in digital implementations of neural networks

NEUROCOMPUTING 2002年第1-4期48卷 879-903页

作者： Demidenko, S Piuri, V Inst Informat Sci & Technol Palmerston North New Zealand Univ Milan Dept Informat Technol I-26013 Crema Italy

Diagnosis is a basic issue of any fault-tolerance policy. Fault localization within the neural architecture is necessary to provide information for hardware reconfiguration in order to achieve system survival, possibly with reduced computational capabilities. In this paper, a comprehensive approach to architectural fault-tolerant design of neural networks is proposed and evaluated, with specific reference to concurrent high-level diagnosis and fault localization. The approach refers to the operational life of trained neural networks. Two error detection techniques are applied: on-line concurrent diagnosis with the use of data coding for error detection at neuron level and on-line compact testing for localization of the faulty neuron within the network. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： digital implementation fault tolerance concurrent diagnosis signature analysis data coding

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An informatics framework for the standardized collection and analysis of medication data in networked research

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JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS 2014年 52卷 4-10页

作者： Richesson, Rachel L. Duke Univ Sch Nursing Durham NC 27710 USA

Medication exposure is an important variable in virtually all clinical research, yet there is great variation in how the data are collected, coded, and analyzed. coding and classification systems for medication data are heterogeneous in structure, and there is little guidance for implementing them, especially in large research networks and multi-site trials. Current practices for handling medication data in clinical trials have emerged from the requirements and limitations of paper-based data collection, but there are now many electronic tools to enable the collection and analysis of medication data. This paper reviews approaches to coding medication data in multi-site research contexts, and proposes a framework for the classification, reporting, and analysis of medication data. The framework can be used to develop tools for classifying medications in coded data sets to support context appropriate, explicit, and reproducible data analyses by researchers and secondary users in virtually all clinical research domains. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Medication terminological systems Drug classification Standards data coordinating centers data coding data analysis

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CONSIDERING IMPERFECTIONS USING 3D IMAGING-SYSTEM IN ANGLE OBTAINING, ANGLE SIGNAL DISTANCE COMPUTING AND MULTIVARIATE DISTANCE GRAPHING

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COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 1995年第3期47卷 197-204页

作者： LOSLEVER, P L.A.I.H. University of Valenciennes Le Mont Houy B.P. 311 59304 Valenciennes Cedex France

Fields such as medicine, biomechanics or ergonomics need to measure the positions and the rotational movements of body segments. The aim of this article is to underscore the problem of imperfection on angle measurement using a three-dimensional television system. First, the error on a single angle value is assessed through the classical Taylor's formula and through a simulating approach. Then the error is considered for an entire signal through either an experimental signals, a specific coding technique is suggested. Finally, two graphical pattern are proposed th show globally the distance between the signals with regard to the error.

关键词： ERROR ASSESSMENT 3D IMAGING SYSTEM data coding SIGNAL STATISTICAL ANALYSIS data GRAPHICS GAIT POSTURE

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Matrix representation of trees, redundancy, and weighting

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SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY 1996年第2期45卷 247-253页

作者： Ronquist, F Department of Zoology Uppsala University 5-752 36 Uppsala Villavägen 9 Sweden

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MISSING data VERSUS MISSING CHARACTERS IN PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS

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SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY 1993年第4期42卷 576-581页

作者： MADDISON, WP Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of ArizonaTucson Arizona 85721 USA

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Evaluation of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification Codes for Reporting Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections at a Hospital in Illinois

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INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2010年第5期31卷 463-468页

作者： Schaefer, Melissa K. Ellingson, Katherine Conover, Craig Genisca, Alicia E. Currie, Donna Esposito, Tina Panttila, Laura Ruestow, Peter Martin, Karen Cronin, Diane Costello, Michael Sokalski, Stephen Fridkin, Scott Srinivasan, Arjun Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Div Healthcare Qual Promot Atlanta GA USA Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Epidem Intelligence Serv Atlanta GA USA Illinois Dept Publ Hlth Springfield IL 62761 USA Advocate Hlth Care Oak Brook IL USA

BACKGROUND. States, including Illinois, have passed legislation mandating the use of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes for reporting healthcare-associated infections, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). OBJECTIVE. To evaluate the sensitivity of ICD-9-CM code combinations for detection of MRSA infection and to understand implications for reporting. METHODS. We reviewed discharge and microbiology databases from July through August of 2005, 2006, and 2007 for ICD-9-CM codes or microbiology results suggesting MRSA infection at a tertiary care hospital near Chicago, Illinois. Medical records were reviewed to confirm MRSA infection. Time from admission to first positive MRSA culture result was evaluated to identify hospital-onset MRSA (HO-MRSA) infections. The sensitivity of MRSA code combinations for detecting confirmed MRSA infections was calculated using all codes present in the discharge record ( up to 15);the effect of reviewing only 9 diagnosis codes, the number reported to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, was also evaluated. The sensitivity of the combination of diagnosis codes for detection of HO-MRSA infections was compared with that for community-onset MRSA (CO-MRSA) infections. RESULTS. We identified 571 potential MRSA infections with the use of screening criteria;403 (71%) were confirmed MRSA infections, of which 61 (15%) were classified as HO-MRSA. The sensitivity of MRSA code combinations was 59% for all confirmed MRSA infections when 15 diagnoses were reviewed compared with 31% if only 9 diagnoses were reviewed (P < .001). The sensitivity of code combinations was 33% for HO-MRSA infections compared with 62% for CO-MRSA infections (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS. Limiting analysis to 9 diagnosis codes resulted in low sensitivity. Furthermore, code combinations were better at revealing CO-MRSA infections than HO-MRSA infections. These limitations could compromise the

关键词： Staphylococcus aureus Hospitalization databases Hospital admissions data coding Medical records Sepsis Physicians

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Common data Element for Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Recommendations from Assessments and Clinical Examination Workgroup/Subcommittee

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NEUROCRITICAL CARE 2019年第1-Sup期30卷 28-35页

作者： Damani, Rahul Mayer, Stephan Dhar, Raj Martin, Renee H. Nyquist, Paul Olson, DaiWai M. Mejia-Mantilla, Jorge H. Muehlschlegel, Susanne Jauch, Edward C. Mocco, J. Mutoh, Tatsushi Suarez, Jose I. Macdonald, R. Loch Amin-Hanjani, Sepideh Brown, Robert D., Jr. Manoel, Airton Leonardo de Oliveira Derdeyn, Colin P. Etminan, Nima Keller, Emanuela LeRoux, Peter D. Mayer, Stephan Morita, Akio Rinkel, Gabriel Rufennacht, Daniel Stienen, Martin N. Torner, James Vergouwen, Mervyn D. I. Wong, George K. C. Bijlenga, Philippe Ko, Nerissa McDougall, Cameron G. Mocco, J. Murayama, Yuuichi Werner, Marieke J. H. Mayer, Stephan Suarez, Jose I. Damani, Rahul Broderick, Joseph Dhar, Raj Jauch, Edward C. Kirkpatrick, Peter J. Martin, Renee H. Mocco, J. Muehlschlegel, Susanne Mutoh, Tatsushi Nyquist, Paul Olson, Daiwai Mejia-Mantilla, Jorge H. Amin-Hanjani, Sepideh Manoel, Airton Leonardo de Oliveira van der Jagt, Mathieu Bambakidis, Nicholas Brophy, Gretchen Bulsara, Ketan Claassen, Jan Connolly, E. Sander Hoffer, S. Alan Hoh, Brian L. Holloway, Robert G. Kelly, Adam Mayer, Stephan Nakaji, Peter Rabinstein, Alejandro Suarez, Jose I. Vajkoczy, Peter Vergouwen, Mervyn D. I. Woo, Henry Zipfel, Gregory J. Keller, Emanuela Macdonald, R. Loch Chou, Sherry Dore, Sylvain Dumont, Aaron S. Gunel, Murat Kasuya, Hidetoshi Roederer, Alexander Ruigrok, Ynte Vespa, Paul M. Sarrafzadeh-Khorrasani, Asita Simone Derdeyn, Colin P. Etminan, Nima Hackenberg, Katharina Huston, John, III Krings, Timo Lanzino, Giuseppe Meyers, Philip M. Rinkel, Gabriel Rufennacht, Daniel Wintermark, Max Torner, James Wong, George K. C. Broderick, Joseph Daly, Janis Ogilvy, Christopher Rhoney, Denise H. Roos, Y. B. Siddiqui, Adnan Etminan, Nima Rinkel, Gabriel Hackenberg, Katharina Algra, Ale Frosen, Juhanna Hasan, David Juvela, Seppo Langer, David J. Meyers, Philip M. Morita, Akio Salman, Rustam Al-Shahi Stienen, Martin N. Vergouwen, Mervyn D. I. Hanggi, Daniel Macdonald, R. Loch Schweizer, Tom Visser-Meily, Johanna Amos, Liz Ludet, Christophe Moy, Claudia Odenkirchen, Joanne Baylor Coll Med Dept Neurol Houston TX 77030 USA Henry Ford Hosp Dept Neurol Detroit MI 48202 USA Washington Univ Sch Med Dept Neurol St Louis MO 63110 USA Med Univ South Carolina Dept Publ Hlth Sci Charleston SC 29425 USA Johns Hopkins Univ Sch Med Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care Med Neurosci Crit Care 1800 Orleans StZayed 3014C Baltimore MD 21287 USA Johns Hopkins Univ Sch Med Dept Neurol Neurosci Crit Care 1800 Orleans StZayed 3014C Baltimore MD 21287 USA Johns Hopkins Univ Sch Med Dept Neurosurg Neurosci Crit Care 1800 Orleans StZayed 3014C Baltimore MD 21287 USA UT Southwestern Med Ctr Dept Neurol & Neurotherapeut Dallas TX USA Fdn Valle del Lili Cali Colombia Univ Massachusetts Sch Med Dept Neurol Worcester MA USA Med Univ South Carolina Dept Emergency Med Charleston SC 29425 USA Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai Dept Neurosurg New York NY 10029 USA Res Inst Brain & Blood Vessels Dept Neurol Surg Akita Japan Johns Hopkins Univ Sch Med Baltimore MD USA Univ Toronto Toronto ON Canada Univ Illinois Chicago IL USA Mayo Clin Rochester MN USA Univ Toronto Toronto ON Canada Univ Iowa Carver Coll Med Iowa City IA USA Univ Hosp Mannheim Mannheim Germany Univ Zurich Zurich Switzerland Main Line Hlth Wynnewood PA USA Henry Ford Hosp Detroit MI 48202 USA Nippon Med Sch Tokyo Japan Univ Med Ctr Utrecht Netherlands Klin Hirslanden Zurich Switzerland Univ Zurich FEBNS Zurich Switzerland Univ Iowa Iowa City IA USA Univ Med Ctr Utrecht Netherlands Chinese Univ Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong Peoples R China Mayo Clin Rochester MN USA Nippon Med Sch Tokyo Japan Geneva Univ Hosp Geneva Switzerland Henry Ford Hosp Detroit MI 48202 USA Johns Hopkins Univ Sch Med Baltimore MD USA Baylor Coll Med Houston TX 77030 USA Univ Illinois Chicago IL USA Univ Toronto Toronto ON Canada Erasmus MC Rotterdam Netherlands Univ Zurich Zurich Switzerland Univ Toronto Toronto ON Canada Univ Iowa Carver Coll Med Iowa City IA USA Univ Hosp Mannheim

BackgroundClinical studies of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and unruptured cerebral aneurysms lack uniformity in terms of variables used for assessments and clinical examination of patients which has led to difficulty in comparing studies and performing meta-analyses. The overall goal of the National Institute of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms (UIA) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) Common data Elements (CDE) Project was to provide common definitions and terminology for future unruptured intracranial aneurysm and SAH *** paper summarizes the recommendations of the subcommittee on SAH Assessments and Clinical Examination. The subcommittee consisted of an international and multidisciplinary panel of experts in UIA and SAH. Consensus recommendations were developed by reviewing previously published CDEs for other neurological diseases including traumatic brain injury, epilepsy and stroke, and the SAH literature. Recommendations for CDEs were classified by priority into core, supplementalhighly recommended, supplemental and *** identified 248 variables for Assessments and Clinical Examination. Only the World Federation of Neurological Societies grading scale was classified as Core. The Glasgow Coma Scale was classified as SupplementalHighly Recommended. All other Assessments and Clinical Examination variables were categorized as *** recommended Assessments and Clinical Examination variables have been collated from a large number of potentially useful scales, history, clinical presentation, laboratory, and other tests. We hope that adherence to these recommendations will facilitate the comparison of results across studies and meta-analyses of individual patient data.

关键词： Subarachnoid hemorrhage Aneurysm Clinical studies Common data elements Assessments Clinical examination Standardization Hemorrhagic stroke World Federation of Neurological Societies Glasgow Coma Scale data coding data collection

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Common data Elements for Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms and Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Recommendations from the Working Group on Hospital Course and Acute TherapiesProposal of a Multidisciplinary Research Group

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NEUROCRITICAL CARE 2019年第1-Sup期30卷 36-45页

作者： Manoel, Airton Leonardo de Oliveira van der Jagt, Mathieu Amin-Hanjani, Sepideh Bambakidis, Nicholas C. Brophy, Gretchen M. Bulsara, Ketan Claassen, Jan Connolly, E. Sander Hoffer, S. Alan Hoh, Brian L. Holloway, Robert G. Kelly, Adam G. Mayer, Stephan A. Nakaji, Peter Rabinstein, Alejandro A. Vajkoczy, Peter Vergouwen, Mervyn D. I. Woo, Henry Zipfel, Gregory J. Suarez, Jose I. Macdonald, R. Loch Amin-Hanjani, Sepideh Brown, Robert D., Jr. Derdeyn, Colin P. Etminan, Nima Keller, Emanuela LeRoux, Peter D. Mayer, Stephan Morita, Akio Rinkel, Gabriel Rufennacht, Daniel Stienen, Martin N. Torner, James Vergouwen, Mervyn D. I. Wong, George K. C. Bijlenga, Philippe Ko, Nerissa McDougall, Cameron G. Mocco, J. Murayama, Yuuichi Werner, Marieke J. H. Mayer, Stephan Suarez, Jose I. Damani, Rahul Broderick, Joseph Dhar, Raj Jauch, Edward C. Kirkpatrick, Peter J. Martin, Renee H. Mocco, J. Muehlschlegel, Susanne Mutoh, Tatsushi Nyquist, Paul Olson, Daiwai Mejia-Mantilla, Jorge H. Amin-Hanjani, Sepideh van der Jagt, Mathieu Bambakidis, Nicholas C. Brophy, Gretchen M. Bulsara, Ketan Claassen, Jan Connolly, E. Sander Hoffer, S. Alan Hoh, Brian L. Holloway, Robert G. Kelly, Adam Mayer, Stephan Nakaji, Peter Rabinstein, Alejandro Suarez, Jose I. Vajkoczy, Peter Vergouwen, Mervyn D. I. Woo, Henry Zipfel, Gregory J. Keller, Emanuela Macdonald, R. Loch Chou, Sherry Dore, Sylvain Dumont, Aaron S. Gunel, Murat Kasuya, Hidetoshi Roederer, Alexander Ruigrok, Ynte Vespa, Paul M. Sarrafzadeh-Khorrasani, Asita Simone Derdeyn, Colin P. Etminan, Nima Hackenberg, Katharina Huston, John, III Krings, Timo Lanzino, Giuseppe Meyers, Philip M. Rinkel, Gabriel Rufennacht, Daniel Wintermark, Max Torner, James Wong, George K. C. Broderick, Joseph Daly, Janis Ogilvy, Christopher Rhoney, Denise H. Roos, Y. B. Siddiqui, Adnan Etminan, Nima Rinkel, Gabriel Hackenberg, Katharina Algra, Ale Frosen, Juhanna Hasan, David Juvela, Seppo Langer, David J. Meyers, Philip M. Morita, Akio Salman, Rustam Al-Shahi Stienen, Martin N. Vergouwen, Mervyn D. I. Hanggi, Da Univ Toronto St Michaels Hosp Keenan Res Ctr Biomed Sci Neurosci Res Program Toronto ON Canada Hosp Paulistano UnitedHlth Grp Brazil Dept Crit Care Med Adult Crit Care Unit Rua Martiniano de Carvalho 741 BR-01321001 Sao Paulo SP Brazil Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam Erasmus MC Dept Intens Care Adults Rotterdam Netherlands Univ Illinois Dept Neurosurg Chicago IL USA Case Western Reserve Univ UH Cleveland Med Ctr Dept Neurol Surg Cleveland OH 44106 USA Sch Pharm Dept Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Sci Richmond VA USA Univ Connecticut Dept Neurosurg Farmington CT USA Columbia Univ New York NY USA Univ Florida Dept Neurosurg Gainesville FL USA Univ Rochester Dept Neurol Rochester NY USA Henry Ford Hlth Syst Dept Neurol Detroit MI USA Barrow Neurol Inst Dept Neurosurg Phoenix AZ 85013 USA Mayo Clin Dept Neurol Rochester MN USA Univ Med Charite Hosp Dept Neurosurg Berlin Germany Univ Utrecht Univ Med Ctr Utrecht Dept Neurol & Neurosurg Brain Ctr Rudolf Magnus Utrecht Netherlands Hofstra Northwell Hlth Zucker Sch Med Dept Neurosurg & Radiol New York NY USA Washington Univ St Louis MO 63110 USA Johns Hopkins Univ Sch Med Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care Med Baltimore MD 21205 USA Johns Hopkins Univ Sch Med Dept Neurol Baltimore MD 21205 USA Johns Hopkins Univ Sch Med Dept Neurosurg Baltimore MD 21205 USA Johns Hopkins Univ Sch Med Baltimore MD USA Univ Toronto Toronto ON Canada Univ Illinois Chicago IL USA Mayo Clin Rochester MN USA Univ Toronto Toronto ON Canada Univ Iowa Carver Coll Med Iowa City IA USA Univ Hosp Mannheim Mannheim Germany Univ Zurich Zurich Switzerland Main Line Hlth Wynnewood PA USA Henry Ford Hosp Detroit MI 48202 USA Nippon Med Sch Tokyo Japan Univ Med Ctr Utrecht Netherlands Klin Hirslanden Zurich Switzerland Univ Zurich Zurich Switzerland Univ Iowa Iowa City IA USA Univ Med Ctr Utrecht Netherlands Chinese Univ Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong Peoples R China Mayo Clin Rochester MN USA Nippon Med Sch Tokyo

IntroductionThe Common data Elements (CDEs) initiative is a National Institute of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) effort to standardize naming, definitions, data coding, and data collection for observational studies and clinical trials in major neurological disorders. A working group of experts was established to provide recommendations for Unruptured Aneurysms and Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) *** paper summarizes the recommendations of the Hospital Course and Acute Therapies after SAH working group. Consensus recommendations were developed by assessment of previously published CDEs for traumatic brain injury, stroke, and epilepsy. Unruptured aneurysm- and SAH-specific CDEs were also developed. CDEs were categorized into core, supplementalhighly recommended, supplemental and *** identified and developed CDEs for Hospital Course and Acute Therapies after SAH, which included: surgical and procedure interventions;rescue therapy for delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI);neurological complications (i.e. DCI;hydrocephalus;rebleeding;seizures);intensive care unit therapies;prior and concomitant medications;electroencephalography;invasive brain monitoring;medical complications (cardiac dysfunction;pulmonary edema);palliative comfort care and end of life issues;discharge status. The CDEs can be found at the NINDS Web site that provides standardized naming, and definitions for each element, and also case report form templates, based on the *** of the recommended Hospital Course and Acute Therapies CDEs have been newly developed. Adherence to these recommendations should facilitate data collection and data sharing in SAH research, which could improve the comparison of results across observational studies, clinical trials, and meta-analyses of individual patient data.

关键词： Clinical studies Common data Elements data coding data collection Standardization Subarachnoid hemorrhage Aneurysm

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MICROCOMPUTERS AS FIELD TOOLS

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COMPUTERS AND THE HUMANITIES 1983年第1期17卷 19-26页

作者： AGAR, M 1. the University of Maryland USA

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Prioritization and Timing of Outcomes and Endpoints After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Clinical Trials and Observational Studies: Proposal of a Multidisciplinary Research Group

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NEUROCRITICAL CARE 2019年第1-Sup期30卷 102-113页

作者： Stienen, Martin N. Visser-Meily, Johanna M. Schweizer, Tom A. Haenggi, Daniel Macdonald, R. Loch Vergouwen, Mervyn D. I. Suarez, Jose I. Macdonald, R. Loch Amin-Hanjani, Sepideh Brown, Robert D., Jr. Manoel, Airton Leonardo de Oliveira Derdeyn, Colin P. Etminan, Nima Keller, Emanuela LeRoux, Peter D. Mayer, Stephan Morita, Akio Rinkel, Gabriel Rufenacht, Daniel Stienen, Martin N. Torner, James Vergouwen, Mervyn D. I. Wong, George K. C. Bijlenga, Philippe Ko, Nerissa McDougall, Cameron G. Mocco, J. Murayama, Yuuichi Werner, Marieke J. H. Mayer, Stephan Suarez, Jose I. Damani, Rahul Broderick, Joseph Dhar, Raj Jauch, Edward C. Kirkpatrick, Peter J. Martin, Renee H. Mocco, J. Muehlschlegel, Susanne Mutoh, Tatsushi Nyquist, Paul Olson, Daiwai Mejia-Mantilla, Jorge H. Amin-Hanjani, Sepideh Manoel, Airton Leonardo de Oliveira van der Jagt, Mathieu Bambakidis, Nicholas Brophy, Gretchen Bulsara, Ketan Claassen, Jan Connolly, E. Sander Hoffer, S. Alan Hoh, Brian L. Holloway, Robert G. Kelly, Adam Mayer, Stephan Nakaji, Peter Rabinstein, Alejandro Suarez, Jose I. Vajkoczy, Peter Vergouwen, Mervyn D. I. Woo, Henry Zipfel, Gregory J. Keller, Emanuela Macdonald, R. Loch Chou, Sherry Dore, Sylvain Dumont, Aaron S. Gunel, Murat Kasuya, Hidetoshi Roederer, Alexander Ruigrok, Ynte Vespa, Paul M. Sarrafzadeh-Khorrasani, Asita Simone Derdeyn, Colin P. Etminan, Nima Hackenberg, Katharina Huston, John, III Krings, Timo Lanzino, Giuseppe Meyers, Philip M. Rinkel, Gabriel Wintermark, Max Torner, James Wong, George K. C. Broderick, Joseph Daly, Janis Ogilvy, Christopher Rhoney, Denise H. Roos, Y. B. Siddiqui, Adnan Etminan, Nima Rinkel, Gabriel Hackenberg, Katharina Algra, Ale Frosen, Juhanna Hasan, David Juvela, Seppo Langer, David J. Meyers, Philip M. Morita, Akio Salman, Rustam Al-Shahi Stienen, Martin N. Vergouwen, Mervyn D. I. Hanggi, Daniel Macdonald, R. Loch Schweizer, Tom Visser-Meily, Johanna Amos, Liz Ludet, Christophe Moy, Claudia Odenkirchen, Joanne Ala'i, Sherita Esterlitz, Joy Joseph, Kristen Sheikh, Muniza Univ Zurich Univ Spital Zurich Dept Neurosurg Clin Neurosci Ctr Frauenklin Str 10 CH-8091 Zurich Switzerland Univ Med Ctr Utrecht Brain Ctr Rudolf Magnus Dept Rehabil Phys Therapy Sci & Sports Utrecht Netherlands Univ Toronto Labatt Family Ctr Excellence Brain Injury & Traum Keenan Res Ctr Biomed Res Div NeurosurgDept SurgSt Michaels Hosp Toronto ON Canada Univ Toronto Li Ka Shing Knowledge Inst Toronto ON Canada Heidelberg Univ Univ Med Ctr Mannheim Dept Neurosurg Heidelberg Germany Univ Med Ctr Utrecht Brain Ctr Rudolf Magnus Dept Neurol & Neurosurg Utrecht Netherlands Johns Hopkins Univ Sch Med Baltimore MD USA Univ Toronto Toronto ON Canada Univ Illinois Chicago IL USA Mayo Clin Rochester MN USA Univ Toronto Toronto ON Canada Univ Iowa Carver Coll Med Iowa City IA USA Univ Hosp Mannheim Mannheim Germany Univ Zurich Zurich Switzerland Main Line Hlth Wynnewood PA USA Henry Ford Hosp Detroit MI 48202 USA Nippon Med Sch Tokyo Japan Univ Med Ctr Utrecht Netherlands Klin Hirslanden Zurich Switzerland Univ Zurich Zurich Switzerland Univ Iowa Iowa City IA USA Univ Med Ctr Utrecht Netherlands Chinese Univ Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong Peoples R China Mayo Clin Rochester MN USA Nippon Med Sch Tokyo Japan Geneva Univ Hosp Geneva Switzerland Henry Ford Hosp Detroit MI 48202 USA Johns Hopkins Univ Sch Med Baltimore MD USA Baylor Coll Med Houston TX 77030 USA Univ Illinois Chicago IL USA Univ Toronto Toronto ON Canada Erasmus MC Rotterdam Netherlands Univ Zurich Zurich Switzerland Univ Toronto Toronto ON Canada Univ Iowa Carver Coll Med Iowa City IA USA Univ Hosp Mannheim Mannheim Germany Univ Iowa Iowa City IA USA Chinese Univ Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong Peoples R China Univ Hosp Mannheim Mannheim Germany Univ Med Ctr Utrecht Netherlands Univ Zurich Zurich Switzerland Natl Lib Med Natl Informat Ctr Hlth Serv Res & Hlth Care Techn Bethesda MD USA Natl Lib Med Bethesda MD USA NINDS Bldg 36Rm 4D04 Bethesda MD 20

IntroductionIn studies on aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), substantial variability exists in the use and timing of outcomes and endpoints, which complicates interpretation and comparison of results between studies. The aim of the National Institute of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Library of Medicine Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm (UIA) and SAH common data elements (CDE) Project was to provide a common structure for future UIA and SAH *** article summarizes the recommendations of the UIA and SAH CDE Outcomes and Endpoints subgroup, which consisted of an international and multidisciplinary ad hoc panel of experts in clinical outcomes after SAH. Consensus recommendations were developed by review of previously published CDEs for other neurological diseases and the SAH literature. Recommendations for CDEs were classified by priority into Core, SupplementalHighly Recommended, Supplemental, and *** subgroup identified over 50 outcomes measures and template case report forms (CRFs) to be included as part of the UIA and SAH CDE recommendations. None was classified as Core. The modified Rankin Scale score and Montreal Cognitive Assessment were considered the preferred outcomes and classified as SupplementalHighly Recommended. Death, Glasgow Outcome Scale score, and Glasgow Outcome Scale-extended were classified as Supplemental. All other outcome measures were categorized as Exploratory. We propose outcome assessment at 3months and at 12months for studies interested in long-term outcomes. We give recommendations for standardized *** recommended outcome measures and CRFs have been distilled from a broad pool of potentially useful CDEs, scales, instruments, and endpoints. The adherence to these recommendations will facilitate the comparison of results across studies and meta-analyses of individual patient data.

关键词： Clinical studies Common data elements data coding data collection Subarachnoid hemorrhage Aneurysm Outcomes Endpoints Standardization Hemorrhagic stroke Modified Rankin Scale Montreal Cognitive Assessment mRS MoCA

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