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LYMPHOID V(D)J RECOMBINATION - NUCLEOTIDE INSERTION AT SIGNAL JOINTS AS WELL AS coding JOINTS

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 1988年第22期85卷 8588-8592页

作者： LIEBER, MR HESSE, JE MIZUUCHI, K GELLERT, M Laboratory of Molecular Biology National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bethesda MD 20892.

The coding regions of antigen receptor genes assembled by variable-diversity-joining region [V(D)J] recombination are known in many cases to have undergone deletions of several nucleotides and also to contain insertions of noncoded nucleotides at the recombined junction (the coding joint). By using extrachromosomal recombination substrates to transfect lymphoid cell lines, we show that the signal joint (the fusion of the corresponding recognition signal sequences) can also contain insertions;however, nucleotide loss from the signals is very rare. The frequency of nucleotide addition varies among pre-B cell lines in a manner proportional to their content of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. We also find frequent nucleotide additions (and deletions) at coding joints, but in this case there is no strong correlation with the level of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase activity. Inserts at both signal and coding joints are rich in G+C, consistent with the base utilization preference of this enzyme.

关键词： Plasmids Nucleotides Transfection Lymphocytes Transformed cell line Base composition Genes Immunoglobulins data coding

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Phylophenetics: Frequencies and polymorphic characters in genealogical estimation

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SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY 1998年第4期47卷 737-761页

作者： Murphy, RW Doyle, KD Royal Ontario Museum Ctr Biodivers & Conservat Biol Toronto ON M5S 2C6 Canada Univ Toronto Dept Zool Toronto ON M5S 1A1 Canada

A phenetic relationship is "similarity (resemblance) based on a set of phenotypic characteristics of the objects or organisms under study. While phenetic similarity may be an indicator of cladistic relationship i... 详细信息

关键词： Taxa Cladistics Phylogeny Alleles Genetic mutation data coding Maximum parsimony datasets

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coding MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERS FOR CONSTRUCTING DISTANCE WAGNER NETWORKS

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EVOLUTION 1984年第2期38卷 244-255页

作者： THORPE, RS Department of Zoology University of Aberdeen Scotland.

Various methods of coding morphometric characters, including normalization, range coding, segment coding, gap coding and divergence (significance) coding, were investigated. The intersexual congruence of the resultant Distance Wagner networks was found using data from the western grass snake, Natrix natrix helvetica. Gap coding has the highest intersexual congruence and normalization the next highest. Depending on the nature of the data and the aims of the study gap coding or normalization are recommended. A set of highly congruent male networks included some networks derived from fundamentally dissimilar coding procedures.

关键词： Standard deviation data coding Evolution Snakes Geographical variation Population geography Population mean A priori knowledge Phylogenetics

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THE NEED FOR A UNIFORM SYSTEM OF BIOLOGICAL NUMERICLATURE

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SYSTEMATIC ZOOLOGY 1964年第4期13卷 191-194页

作者： LITTLE, FJ University of Southern California Los Angeles CA United States

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An Efficient Short Range Wireless Communication Technology for Wireless Sensor Network 3

An Efficient Short Range Wireless Communication Technology f...

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3rd IEEE International Colloquium on Information Science and Technology (CIST)

作者： Darif, Anouar Saadane, Rachid Aboutajdine, Driss Mohammed V Agdal Univ FSR LRIT GSCM Associated Unit CNRST URAC 29 BP 1014 Rabat Morocco Hassania Sch Publ Labors LASI EHTP SIR2C2S Casablanca Morocco

ISBN: (纸本)9781479959792

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) have been attracting increasing interest for supporting a new generation of ubiquitous computing systems with great potential for many applications. However, the communication paradigms in WSNs differ from the ones associated to traditional wireless networks, triggering the need for efficient wireless communication technology. Several wireless technologies have emerged ranging from short and medium distance. Bluetooth, ZigBee and Impulse Radio Ultra Wide Band (IR-UWB) are three popular short range wireless communications. Due to its various features and advantages (especially low power consumption and low complexity), IR-UWB is a very promising wireless communication technology for WSN. In this paper, we evaluate the main features and advantages of this new technology (IR-UWB) for WSN in terms of transmission time, data coding and power consumption compared to Bluetooth and ZigBee. To analyze and evaluate the main features and advantages of IR-UWB as an efficient short range wireless communication technology for WSN, we used MiXiM platform under OMNet++ simulator.

关键词： WSN IR-UWB Bluetooth Zigbee data coding Transmission Time Energy Consumption

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Self-identification of protein-coding regions in microbial genomes

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 1998年第17期95卷 10026-10031页

作者： Audic, S Claverie, JM CNRS Struct & Genet Informat Lab F-13402 Marseille France

A new method for predicting protein-coding regions in microbial genomic DNA sequences is presented. It uses an ab initio iterative Markov modeling procedure to automatically perform the partition of genomic sequences into three subsets shown to correspond to coding, coding on the opposite strand, and noncoding segments. In contrast to current methods, such as GENEMARK [Borodovsky, M. & McIninch, J. D. (1993) Comput. Chern. 17, 123-133], no training set or prior knowledge of the statistical properties of the studied genome are required. This new method tolerates error rates of 1-2% and can process unassembled sequences. It is thus ideal for the analysis of genome survey and/or fragmented sequence data from uncharacterized microorganisms. The method was validated on 10 complete bacterial genomes (from four major phylogenetic lineages). The results show that protein-coding regions can be identified with an accuracy of up to 90% with a totally automated and objective procedure.

关键词： Markov models datasets data coding Open reading frames Nucleotides Bacterial genomes Sequencing Error rates

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Increasing Burden of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Hospitalizations at US Academic Medical Centers, 2003-2008

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INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2012年第8期33卷 782-789页

作者： David, Michael Z. Medvedev, Sofia Hohmann, Samuel F. Ewigman, Bernard Daum, Robert S. Univ Chicago Dept Med Chicago IL 60637 USA Univ HealthSyst Consortium Oak Brook IL USA

OBJECTIVE. The incidence of invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in the United States decreased during 2005-2008, but noninvasive community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) infections also frequently lead to hospitalization. We estimated the incidence of all MRSA infections among inpatients at US academic medical centers (AMCs) per 1,000 admissions during 2003-2008. DESIGN. Retrospective cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS. Hospitalized patients at 90% of nonprofit US AMCs during 2003-2008. METHODS. Administrative data on MRSA infections from a hospital discharge database (University HealthSystem Consortium [UHC]) were adjusted for underreporting of the MRSA V09.0 International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code and validated using chart reviews for patients with known MRSA infections in 2004-2005, 2006, and 2007. RESULTS. The mean sensitivity of administrative data for MRSA infections at the University of Chicago Medical Center in three 12-month periods during 2004-2007 was 59.1%. On the basis of estimates of billing data sensitivity from the literature and the University of Chicago Medical Center, the number of MRSA infections per 1,000 hospital discharges at US AMCs increased from 20.9 (range, 11.1-47.7) in 2003 to 41.7 (range, 21.9-94.0) in 2008. At the University of Chicago Medical Center, among infections cultured more than 3 days prior to hospital discharge, CA-MRSA infections were more likely to be captured in the UHC billing-derived data than were healthcare-associated MRSA infections. CONCLUSIONS. The number of hospital admissions for any MRSA infection per 1,000 hospital admissions overall increased during 2003-2008. Use of unadjusted administrative hospital discharge data or surveillance for invasive disease far underestimates the number of MRSA infections among hospitalized patients. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2012;33(8):782-789

关键词： Infections Staphylococcus aureus databases Patient surveillance Hospitalization Hospital separations Hospital administration Medical diagnosis data coding Hospital admissions

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Research on Ordinal Properties in Combinatorics coding Method

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JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS 2011年第1期6卷 51-58页

作者： Lu, Jun Wang, Tong Liu, Daxin Heilongjiang Univ Coll Comp Sci & Technol Harbin Peoples R China Harbin Engn Univ Coll Comp Sci & Technol Harbin Peoples R China Harbin Engn Univ Coll Informat & Commun Engn Harbin Peoples R China

Combinatorics coding is a new data coding method based on combinatorics. Ordinal computing is the core technology of in the combinatorics coding. Ordinal properties of combinatorics coding is studied in this paper. Firstly, the combinatorics coding theory and the correlative basic concepts are described. Then, the properties of the ordinal are revealed. The study indicates that the value of ordinal have a close relationship with the selection of benchmark sequence. The size of ordinal is correlative with the distributing of character frequency in the sequence. The length of the sequence should be longer than the length of the ordinal and this conclude is proved by the theory. Moreover, the difference of the initial sequence length and the whole max ordinal length is increased along with the increase of the initial sequence length pvoved by the experiment and theory. The research on ordinal properties is of great significance to the development of the combinatorics coding technology.

关键词： data coding Source coding Combinatorics coding Benchmark sequence Ordinal

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Logistic regression in comparative wood anatomy:: tracheid types, wood anatomical terminology, and new inferences from the Carlquist and Hoekman southern Californian data set

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BOTANICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY 2007年第3期154卷 331-351页

作者： Rosell, Julieta A. Olson, Mark E. Aguirre-Hernandez, Rebeca Carlquist, Sherwin Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico Inst Biol Mexico City 04510 DF Mexico Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico Fac Med Mexico City 04510 DF Mexico Santa Barbara Bot Garden Santa Barbara CA 93105 USA

Despite collecting copious amounts of data, wood anatomists rarely perform appropriate statistical analyses, especially in the case of categorical variables. Nevertheless, anatomists have succeeded in identifying strong ecological trends. We show that, with only a slightly more sophisticated analysis, the strength and significance of 'well-known' associations can be quantified, and new associations pinpointed. Using logistic regression to reanalyse the classic Carlquist and Hoekman data set for the southern Californian flora, we show strong support for the notion that true tracheid presence lowers vessel grouping;in contrast, vasicentric tracheids are associated with a diversity of vessel grouping strategies. We show that statistical models can refine anatomical interpretations by identifying unusual species. For example, Fremontodendron californicum and Baccharis salicifolia (= B. glutinosa) were identified as unusual in lacking vasicentric tracheids;a consultation of preparations revealed that they are indeed present. For purposes of ecological wood anatomy, anatomical terminology should reflect cell function;we suggest that terminological systems that yield better predictive power in statistical models such as ours are preferable. Finally, we make recommendations ranging from the statistical, e.g. the need to check assumptions and the need for the inclusion of phylogeny, to the biological, e.g. gathering data expressly designed to test functional hypotheses rather than all of the information in standardized lists. (c) 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 154, 331-351.

关键词： adaptation categorical data character correlation contingency tables data coding ecological wood anatomy evolution relative risk vasicentric tracheids

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Advances in volume encoding clinical data

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DRUG INFORMATION JOURNAL 1999年第4期33卷 1079-1092页

作者： Pitts, K Jelliffe, K Benson, L Astra Pharmaceut LP Drug Dev Informat Technol Wayne PA 19087 USA Astra Pharmaceut LP Clin Operat & Prod Safety Wayne PA 19087 USA

In the pharmaceutical industry, there are a variety of organizational and process approaches to coding and classifying patient delta. In any pharmaceutical development structure, automated coding of patient clinical data greatly facilitates data analysis by reducing the amount of time spent on coding review. This paper will describe the clinical data encoding system currently in use at Astra Pharmaceuticals, L.P., and will present a portrait of a successful model for an autoencoding algorithm program. Computer-assisted coding cannot entirely substitute for coding and data review by qualified medical personnel;however a volume data autoencoding application can significantly improve the quality, consistency, and pace of the data coding process, thereby allowing for more efficient analysis and reporting in the execution of a clinical trial.

关键词： autoencoder computer-assisted coding data coding adverse events dictionary

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