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Computational microscopy with the PERCIVAL detector system at TwinMic beamline

JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2025年第1期20卷

作者： Guzzi, Francesco Gianoncelli, Alessandra Stebel, Luigi Giuressi, Dario Cautero, Giuseppe Borghes, Roberto Gregori, Iztok Bille, Fulvio Scarcia, Martin Bonanni, Valentina Zizic, Milan Hyun, Hyojung Nichols, William Correa, Jonathan Marras, Alessandro Wunderer, Cornelia B. Graafsma, Heinz Menk, Ralf Hendrik Kourousias, George Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA Str Statale 14 Trieste Italy Pohang Accelerator Lab PAL 80 Jigokro 127 Beongil Pohang South Korea Harwell Sci & Innovat Campus Diamond Light Source Didcot Oxon England Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY Notkestr 85 Hamburg Germany Ctr Free Electron Laser Sci CFEL Luruper Ch 149 Hamburg Germany Mid Sweden Univ S-85230 Sundsvall Holmgatan Sweden

PERCIVAL is a novel soft X-ray detection system designed for the needs of modern microscopy. By integrating it into the TwinMic end-station at Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, we conducted an exploratory computational microscopy experiment on biological samples, aiming at evaluating the entire system in a real use-case scenario. We present the methodology to convert the RAW data and our high-resolution image reconstructions.

关键词： data processing methods Image reconstruction in medical imaging X-ray detectors

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Improving noise characteristics using a modified image pyramid with guided filtering and Bayesian shrinkage threshold in low-dose animal radiography

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2024年第3期19卷 C03011页

作者： Kim, Woosung Shim, Jiyong Lim, Younghwan Cho, Hyosung Han, Taehee Yonsei Univ Dept Radiat Convergence Engn 1 Yonseidae Gil Wonju 26493 South Korea Woorien Co 13 Samsung 1 Ro 2 Gil Hwaseong Si 18449 Gyeong Do South Korea

Radiography is a commonly used diagnostic tool in animal practice to provide clinical information. The recent market for animal radiography is rapidly growing owing to the increasing awareness of the welfare of companion animals and the expansion of animal clinics. As the clinical use of radiography in animal hospitals has grown rapidly, radiologists continuously seek ways to reduce the radiation dose to animals. This study proposes an effective noise removal method using a modified image pyramid with guided filtering and Bayesian shrinkage threshold for low -dose animal radiography. This study aims to model a modified image pyramid -based denoising algorithm and to confirm its applicability in an animal radiographic system. We conducted an experiment on a companion dog and cat using a commercially -available veterinary radiographic system and quantitatively evaluated the image quality using the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM). The PSNR and SSIM values measured in the denoised image of the dog using the proposed denoising algorithm were 39.54 and 0.96, respectively, which are improvements of approximately 11.3% and 5.5% of the values obtained in the original noisy image. Consequently, the proposed method is highly efficient in reducing image noise in animal radiography, thereby improving the image quality.

关键词： Image filtering data reduction methods data processing methods

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Track Lab: extensible data acquisition software for fast pixel detectors, online analysis and automation

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2024年第1期19卷 C01008页

作者： Manek, P. Burian, P. David-Bosne, E. Smolyanskiy, P. Bergmann, B. Czech Tech Univ Inst Expt & Appl Phys Husova 240-5 Prague 11000 Czech Republic UCL Dept Phys & Astron Gower St London WC1E 6BT England Univ West Bohemia Fac Elect Engn Univ 2795-26 Plzen 30100 Czech Republic

Fast, incremental evolution of physics instrumentation raises the question of efficient software abstraction and transferability of algorithms across similar technologies. This contribution aims to provide an answer by introducing Track Lab, a modern data acquisition program focusing on extensibility and high performance. Shipping with documented API and more than 20 standard modules, Track Lab allows complex analysis pipelines to be constructed from simple, reusable building blocks. Thanks to multi-threaded infrastructure, data can be clustered, filtered, aggregated and plotted concurrently in real-time. In addition, full hardware support for Timepix2, Timepix3 pixel detectors and embedded photomultiplier systems enables such analysis to be carried out online during data acquisition. Repetitive procedures can be automated with support for motorized stages and X-ray tubes. Freely distributed on 7 popular operating systems and 2 CPU architectures, Track Lab is a versatile tool for high energy physics research.

关键词： data acquisition concepts data processing methods Detector control systems (detector and experiment monitoring and slow-control systems, architecture, hardware, algorithms, databases) Pattern recognition, cluster finding, calibration and fitting methods

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Rapid cargo verification with cosmic ray muon scattering and absorption tomography

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2024年第10期19卷

作者： Georgadze, Anzori Sh. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine Inst Nucl Res Prospekt Nauky 47 UA-03680 Kiev Ukraine Univ Tartu Inst Phys W Ostwaldi 1 EE-50411 Tartu Estonia

Cosmic ray muon tomography is considered a promising method for the non-invasive inspection of shipping containers and trucks. It utilizes highly penetrating cosmic-ray muons and their interactions with various materials to generate three-dimensional images of large and dense materials, like inter-modal shipping containers, typically not transparent with conventional X-ray radiography techniques. The commonly used methods for imaging with muons are based on muon scattering or absorption-transmission data analysis. Due to large thickness of cargo material in shipping container substantial scattering and absorption occur when muons are passing through cargo. One of the key tasks of customs and border security is to verify shipping container declarations to prevent illegal trafficking, and muon tomography could be a viable choice for this task. In this paper, we demonstrate through Monte Carlo simulations using the GEANT4 toolkit that a combined analysis of muon scattering and absorption data can improve the identification of cargo materials compared to using scattering or absorption data alone. The statistical differences in scattering and absorption data for several cargo materials are quantified. For a particular smuggling scenario where tobacco declared as paper towel rolls, it is demonstrated that the combined analysis can accurately distinguish between tobacco and paper towel rolls with 5.5 sigma accuracy for detector spatial resolution (FWHM) of 0.235 mm, 4.5 sigma for 1.175 mm resolution (FWHM), and 3.9 sigma accuracy for 2.35 mm spatial resolution (FWHM), in a short scanning time of 10 seconds. This rapid detection capability has significant implications for anti-smuggling efforts and cargo inspection.

关键词： Computerized Tomography (CT) and Computed Radiography (CR) data processing methods Detection of contraband and drugs Simulation methods and programs

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A pulse selection algorithm for SiPM-coupled CLYC detectors

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2024年第5期19卷 P05028页

作者： Dai, Heng Yang, Hngchao Tang, Hui Deng, Chao Xie, Bo Tuo, Xianguo Jiang, Gang Wang, Qibiao Chengdu Univ Technol Coll Nucl Technol & Automat Engn Chengdu Peoples R China Sichuan Univ Sci & Engn Sch Phys & Elect Engn Zigong Peoples R China Sichuan Management & Monitoring Ctr Stn Radioact E Chengdu Peoples R China

SiPM-coupled Cs 2 LiYCl 6 :Ce 3+ (CLYC) detectors are widely used for detecting neutrons and gamma rays in mixed radiation environments. Intensities and energies are obtained from the output pulses of the detector, including normal and anomalous pulses. Since anomalous pulses can negatively affect measurement accuracy, this study designs a pulse selection algorithm to improve them. This algorithm calculates the ratio of the mean to the standard deviation of an output pulse in a particular time window and categorizes it as normal or anomalous. The algorithm also uses the difference in ratio value between neutrons and gamma rays for pulse shape discrimination. In an experiment using a SiPM-coupled CLYC detector, 200,000 sets of pulses were obtained for 137 Cs and Am -Be sources. The results indicate that this method can reject more than 94.2% of anomalous pulses, improving the energy resolution of 137 Cs source from 8.9% @ 662 keV to 8.4% @ 662 keV. The figure -of -merit (FOM) of pulse shape discrimination is 1.23 for the Am -Be source, and this method can select specific pulse types based on the pulse -ratio value. In addition, the method is suitable for all pulse -mode detectors.

关键词： data processing methods Neutron detectors (cold,thermal, fast neutrons Scintillatorts scintillation and light emission processes (solid gas and liquid scintiillators

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Real-time signal processing and data acquisition for the Electric Field Detector (EFD-02) on the CSES-02 satellite

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2024年第2期19卷 C02024页

作者： Ammendola, R. Badoni, D. De Santis, C. Rebustini, G. Camelia, E. Alunno Bertello, I. Cipollone, P. De Angelis, F. Diego, P. Fiorenza, E. Masciantonio, G. Nuccilli, F. Parmentier, A. Papini, E. Picozza, P. Piersanti, M. Russi, A. Sparvoli, R. Ubertini, P. Vertolli, N. INFN Sez Roma Tor Vergata Via Ric Sci 1 I-00133 Rome Italy INAF Ist Astrofis & Planetol Spaziali Via Fosso Cavaliere 100 I-00133 Rome Italy NEAT Srl Via E Onofrio 304 I-00155 Rome Italy Univ Aquila Dept Phys & Chem Sci Via Vetoio I-67100 Laquila Italy

The Electric Field Detector (EFD-02) on board the second China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES-02) will measure the electric field components at a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) over a wide frequency band (DC - 3.5 MHz) and with 1 mu V/m sensitivity in the Low Frequency band. EFD-02 will measure the voltage differences between pairs of probes installed at the tips of four booms deployed from the satellite. In this article, we describe the Zynq System on Chip (SoC)-based digital hardware subsystem dedicated to signal processing, and the selected implementation strategy, which successfully complied to the specific requirements of the space mission. Furthermore, we present a comprehensive overview of the assessed instrument performance.

关键词： data processing methods Digital electronic circuits Digital signal processing (DSP) Space instrumentation

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The suitability of various recording methods and devices for registration of seismic signals

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2024年第5期19卷 C05040页

作者： Chilingaryan, R. Y. Khachatryan, H. F. Mkhitaryan, S. A. Hovhannisyan, M. A. Antonyan, A. P. Minasyan, A. M. Drmeyan, H. R. Karapetyan, J. K. Hovhannisyanb, S. M. Mkrtchyana, A. H. Natl Acad Sci NAS Republ Armenia RA Inst Appl Problems Phys IAPP 25 Hr Nersisyan Str Yerevan 0014 Armenia Natl Acad Sci NAS Republ Armenia RA Inst Geophys & Engn Seismol IGES 5 V Sargsyan Str Gyumri 3115 Armenia

Analytical study and summarization of dynamic and frequency characteristics of the seismic-acoustic vibrations originated by the near and distant earthquakes and other natural and artificial seismic processes, as well as information analyses of their duration and repetition were done. These allow the formulation of appropriate technical requirements for seismic recording devices, as well as to analyze and evaluate the possibilities of implementing various methods and devices for recording signals from different seismic-acoustic processes depending also on the seismological and other tasks to be solved and various additional specific requirements. It has been shown, that although the introduction of various methods and devices for the digital recording of seismic signals substantially increased during the last decades in seismology, however, it is not even possible to record seismic signals in their entire possible amplitude-frequency ranges employing a single digital recording device too. It also has been confirmed that the widespread usage of digital recording, transmission, machine processing, and analyzing of seismic signals in most contemporary seismic stations does not reduce the value and does not eliminate the need, but, on the contrary, assumes the conduction of simultaneous analog visible registration of seismic processes to obtain express controlling visible records, provide operational manual express analysis of seismograms.

关键词： Analogue electronic circuits Control and monitor systems online data acquisition concepts data processing methods

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data processing algorithm of cone-cylinder forgings process based on spectral graph theory and Hungarian matching

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2024年第7期19卷 P07040页

作者： Zhang, Yucun Wang, Shijie Li, Qun Mi, Songtao Yanshan Univ Sch Elect Engn Qinhuangdao Hebei Peoples R China Yanshan Univ Sch Mech Engn Qinhuangdao Hebei Peoples R China

This paper presents a novel data processing algorithm. This algorithm is used to solve the problem of incomplete and misaligned of point cloud data due to the complexity of nuclear power containment cone-cylinder forgings and the limitation of laser scanner. Based on spectral graph theory and Hungarian matching, this paper first introduces the lazy random walk, and point cloud state vector is calculated during the walk to judge the local information, thereby eliminate the influence of noise. Then, characteristic edges are extracted using spectral graph theory. Additionally, the feature descriptors are calculated and the cost matrix is constructed using the feature descriptors. The Hungarian algorithm is applied for feature matching, facilitating a coarse registration of the point clouds. Finally, the improved point-to-plane iteration closest point is used for fine registration to ensure accurate alignment between point clouds. The experimental results demonstrate the algorithm's effectiveness in the registration of point clouds for nuclear power containment cone-cylinder forgings.

关键词： data processing methods data reduction methods Detector alignment and calibration methods (lasers, sources, particle-beams) Manufacturing

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Study on joint de-noising method of ECG signals with improved CEEMDAN-wavelet thresholding and singular spectrum analysis

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2025年第1期20卷

作者： Ge, Liang Ma, Yuhong Xiao, Xiaoting Cheng, Jixiang Li, Zhidan Qin, Wang Southwest Petr Univ Sch Mech & Elect Engn Chengdu 610500 Peoples R China Southwest Petr Univ Sch Elect Engn & Informat Chengdu 610500 Peoples R China

The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is often contaminated by various noises during acquisition and transmission, and the denoising effect directly affects the diagnosis of heart diseases. To improve the denoising effect, this paper proposes an improved Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (CEEMDAN)-wavelet thresholding and singular spectrum analysis (SSA) denoising method. First, the noise-dominated high-frequency intrinsic mode function (IMF) identified using CEEMDAN;second, it is denoised to reduce high-frequency noise by the improved wavelet thresholding technique;and then, SSA is used to remove baseline wander (BW);finally, to verify the effectiveness of this denoising method, the root mean square error (RMSE) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are used as the evaluation criteria for the denoising effect and the standard MIT-BIH ECG noise database signals are used for verification. The validation results show that compared the existing ECG denoising methods, the denoising method improves the SNR by 39% 55% reduces the RMSE by 18% 42%. The method can be used as an effective tool for ECG signal denoising and provide a better basis for diagnosis in computerized automated medical systems.

关键词： data processing methods Medical-image reconstruction methods and algorithms, computer-aided diagnosis Bioinstrumentation

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Initial design of a real-time and an intershot bolometric data exploitation strategy for DTT

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2025年第5期20卷 C05001-C05001页

作者： Peluso, E. Apruzzese, G. M. Belpane, A. Palomba, S. Senni, L. Giovannozzi, E. D'Agostino, V. Craciunescu, T. Gelfusa, M. Gaudio, P. Boncagni, L. CR ENEA Frascati ENEA Nucl Dept Via E Fermi 45 I-00044 Frascati RM Italy Univ Roma Tor Vergata Dept Ind Engn Via Politecn 1 I-00133 Rome RM Italy Univ Padua Consorzio RFX CNR ENEAINFNAcciaierie Venete SpA I-35127 Padua Italy DTT SCarl Via E Fermi 45 I-00044 Frascati RM Italy CNR Inst Appl Math Mauro Picone IAC Via Taurini 19 I-00185 Rome RM Italy Natl Inst Laser Plasma & Radiat Phys Bucharest Romania

One of the milestones to be achieved in the design of the bolometric diagnostics for the new Italian Diver tor Tokamak Test (DTT) project is the estimation of the radiated power at the start of operation, i.e. the so-called first plasma, in order to perform various tasks ranging from scientific analysis and planning of the discharges to the feedback protection of the machine. In fact, real-time (RT) feedback control of the radiation pattern for prevention is both a delicate and important matter, for example in terms of mitigating and avoiding disruptions. It would therefore be desirable to monitor not only the total power emitted, but also the one emitted by the different regions of the plasma. This paper then focuses on showing the initial design of the main strategy for estimating the plasma radiation in two different situations: for RT control and for an inter-shot analysis. The first approach for RT then, is based on the estimation of the radiated power inside the first wall using specific lines of sight (LoS). Such estimates have been compared with those obtained from slower tomographic reconstructions of synthetic emissivity profiles (phantoms). Furthermore, a first design of the Region Of Interest (ROI) for a fast implementation of an already established macro-estimation of the radiated power in different locations of the main chamber is provided and the overall method is adapted for DTT. Regarding the design of the inter-shot data exploitation then, since tomographic reconstructions will most likely be available during an inter-shot basis, it is planned to provide a more accurate estimate of the radiated power from different locations of the device for a better design and tuning of the discharges. In order to achieve such a long-term goal, an initial strategy for adapting a maximum likelihood based algorithm for inter-shot analysis is described.

关键词： data processing methods Nuclear instruments and methods for hot plasma diagnostics Plasma diagnostics-interferometry, spectroscopy and imaging

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