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(De)coding elections: the implications of Voting Advice Applications

JOURNAL OF ELECTIONS PUBLIC OPINION AND PARTIES 2017年第1期27卷 2-8页

作者： van der Linden, Clifton Vowles, Jack Univ Toronto Polit Sci Toronto ON Canada Victoria Univ Wellington Polit Sci & Int Relat Wellington New Zealand

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关键词： VOTING advice applications (Application software) decoding algorithms

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Sign-Magnitude Decomposition of Mutual Information with Polarization Effect in Digital Identification

Sign-Magnitude Decomposition of Mutual Information with Pola...

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IEEE Information Theory Workshop (ITW)

作者： Voloshynovskiy, Svyatoslav Holotyak, Taras Koval, Oleksiy Beekhof, Fokko Farhadzadeh, Farzad Univ Geneva Dept Comp Sci CH-1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781457704376

Content identification based on digital fingerprinting attracts a lot of attention in different emerging applications. In this paper, we consider digital identification based on the sign-magnitude decomposition of fingerprint codewords and analyze the achievable rates for each component. We introduce a channel splitting approach and reveal certain interesting phenomena related to channel polarization. It is demonstrated that under certain conditions almost all rate in the sign channel is concentrated in reliable components, this can be of interest for complexity and security in various content identification applications. The envisioned extensions cover applications where the input and output alphabets of the channel are different at the encoding and decoding stages. Additionally, the reduction of the input data dimensionality at the encoding/enrollment stage can increase the cryptographic protection in terms of privacy leakage and simplify the decoding algorithms in biometric applications.

关键词： Conferences decoding Entropy Mutual information Random variables Reliability Signal to noise ratio channel coding channel polarization channel splitting approach content identification cryptographic protection decoding decoding algorithms digital fingerpr

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A Doping Bits Based BP decoding for Rateless Distributed Source Coding Applications

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING 2014年第unknown期2014卷 1-9页

作者： Banu, N. M. Masoodhu Sasikumar, S. Sethu Inst Technol Dept Elect & Commun Engn Virudunagar India R M Engn Coll Dept Elect & Commun Engn Gummidipoondi TalukThiruvallur Dist Chennai Tamil Nadu India

A novel doping bits based belief propagation decoding algorithm, for rate-adaptive LDPC codes based on fixed bipartite graph code, is proposed. The proposed work modifies the decoding algorithm, by converting the puncturing nodes to regular source nodes and by following the encoding rule at the decoder. The transmitted doping bits in place of punctured bits, with the modified decoding algorithm at the decoder, feed all the punctured nodes with reliable log likelihood ratios. This enables the proposed decoding algorithm to recover all punctured nodes in the early iteration. The fast convergence leads to decoder complexity reduction while providing considerable improvement in performance.

关键词： BIPARTITE graphs decoding algorithms LIKELIHOOD ratio tests RADIO wave propagation DECODERS (Electronics)

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Log-Likelihood Ratio Calculation for Iterative decoding on Rayleigh Fading Channels Using Pade Approximation

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JOURNAL OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS 2013年第SI11期000卷 1-10页

作者： Hosoya, Gou Yashima, Hiroyuki Tokyo Univ Sci Dept Management Sci Fac Engn Shinjuku Ku Tokyo 1628601 Japan

Approximate calculation of channel log-likelihood ratio (LLR) for wireless channels using Pade approximation is presented. LLR is used as an input of iterative decoding for powerful error-correcting codes such as low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes or turbo codes. Due to the lack of knowledge of the channel state information of a wireless fading channel, such as uncorrelated fiat Rayleigh fading channels, calculations of exact LLR for these channels are quite complicated for a practical implementation. The previous work, an LLR calculation using the Taylor approximation, quickly becomes inaccurate as the channel output leaves some derivative point. This becomes a big problem when higher order modulation scheme is employed. To overcome this problem, a new LLR approximation using Pade approximation, which expresses the original function by a rational form of two polynomials with the same total number of coefficients of the Taylor series and can accelerate the Taylor approximation, is devised. By applying the proposed approximation to the iterative decoding and the LDPC codes with some modulation schemes, we show the effectiveness of the proposed methods by simulation results and analysis based on the density evolution.

关键词： LIKELIHOOD ratio tests ITERATIVE methods (Mathematics) decoding algorithms RAYLEIGH fading channels APPROXIMATION theory TAYLOR'S series

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PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION OF PHYSICAL LAYER USING TURBO CODES: A CASE STUDY OF WI-MAX MOBILE ENVIRONMENT

PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION OF PHYSICAL LAYER USING TURBO CODES...

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IEEE 1st International Conference on Emerging Technology Trends in Electronics, Communication and Networking

作者： Kene, Jagdish D. Kulat, Kishor D. Visvesvaraya Natl Inst Technol ECE Dept Nagpur Maharashtra India

ISBN: (纸本)9781467316286;9781467316262

Turbo code gives relatively better performance as compare to convolutional codes. Turbo code offers an outstanding coding gain very close to Shannon limit for AWGN channel to achieve maximum throughput (Typical Wi-Max application). The objective of this paper is to study the Mobile Wi-Max system performance by using turbo codes and setting the system parameters to achieve performance optimization. For different transmission conditions BER performance has been simulated. Finally for the performance optimization of mobile Wi-Max system the effect of various decoding algorithms, Frame size and Code rates are considered for simulation to evaluate the system performance. Improvement achieved in the features of Mobile Wi-Max system for a particular selection of set of parameters has been reported.

关键词： Wi-Max FEC codes decoding algorithms Shannon limit

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QC-LDPC codes and their Performance on Power Line Communications Channel

QC-LDPC codes and their Performance on Power Line Communicat...

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IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications

作者： Andreadou, Nikoleta Pavlidou, Fotini-Niovi Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki Dept Elect & Comp Engn Telecommun Div Thessaloniki 54124 Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9781424437917

In this paper Low Density Parity Check Codes (LDPC) are introduced in the Power Line Communications Channel (PLC). We investigate how different decoding algorithms, which are applied on LDPC codes, affect the system's performance. Therefore, an iterative belief propagation decoding algorithm as well as a proposed variation of the original bit flipping algorithm are exploited. In addition, a hybrid technique combining these two algorithms is proposed. Irregular LDPC codes of various code rates are studied. Specifically, the cases of 1/2, 1/3, 2/3, 3/4 and 4/5 code rates are investigated. Regarding the irregular LDPC codes, they are constructed in a Quasi-Cyclic form. The system's performance is expressed in terms of the resultant Bit Error Rate (BER) versus the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). In order to design the power line communications channel, Middleton's class A noise model is used to account for the system's background and impulsive noise, while Zimmermann's channel model is also used. The OFDM transmission technique is taken into account. Results are derived via computer simulations.

关键词： Power Line Communications (PLC) Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes decoding algorithms

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Adaptive coded aperture imaging: progress and potential future applications

Adaptive coded aperture imaging: progress and potential futu...

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Conference on Unconventional Imaging, Wavefront Sensing, and Adaptive Coded Aperture Imaging and Non-Imaging Sensor Systems

作者： Gottesman, Stephen R. Isser, Abraham Gigioli, George W., Jr. Northrop Grumman Elect Syst Linthicum MD 21090 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819487759

Interest in Adaptive Coded Aperture Imaging (ACAI) continues to grow as the optical and systems engineering community becomes increasingly aware of ACAI's potential benefits in the design and performance of both imaging and non-imaging systems, such as good angular resolution (IFOV), wide distortion-free field of view (FOV), excellent image quality, and light weight construct. In this presentation we first review the accomplishments made over the past five years, then expand on previously published work to show how replacement of conventional imaging optics with coded apertures can lead to a reduction in system size and weight. We also present a trade space analysis of key design parameters of coded apertures and review potential applications as replacement for traditional imaging optics. Results will be presented, based on last year's work of our investigation into the trade space of IFOV, resolution, effective focal length, and wavelength of incident radiation for coded aperture architectures. Finally we discuss the potential application of coded apertures for replacing objective lenses of night vision goggles (NVGs).

关键词： Adaptive coded aperture imaging (ACAI) decoding algorithms night vision goggles (NVGs) angular resolution coded aperture imaging image reconstruction system point spread function (SPSF) MURAs

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Quantum Cyclic Code of Length Dividing p^t+1

Quantum Cyclic Code of Length Dividing <i>p<SUP>t</SUP></i>+...

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IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT)

作者： Dutta, Sagarmoy Kurur, Piyush P. Indian Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Kanpur 208016 Uttar Pradesh India

ISBN: (纸本)9781457705953

In this paper, we study cyclic stabiliser codes over F-p of length dividing p(t) + 1 for some positive integer t. We call these t-Frobenius codes or just Frobenius codes for short. We give methods to construct them and show that they have efficient decoding algorithms. An important subclass of stabiliser codes are the linear stabiliser codes. For linear Frobenius codes we have stronger results: We completely characterise all linear Frobenius codes. As a consequence, we show that for every integer n that divides p(t) + 1 for an odd t, there are no linear cyclic codes of length n. On the other hand for even t, we give an explicit method to construct all of them. This gives us many explicit examples of Frobenius code which include the well studied Laflamme code. We show that the classical notion of BCH distance can be generalised to all the Frobenius codes that we construct, including the non-linear ones, and show that the algorithm of Berlekamp can be generalised to correct quantum errors within the BCH limit. This gives, for the first time, a family of codes that are neither CSS nor linear for which efficient decoding algorithm exits.

关键词： BCH codes BCH distance Cascading style sheets decoding Error correction codes Joints Laflamme code Linear code Polynomials Quantum computing cyclic codes cyclic stabiliser codes decoding decoding algorithms linear Frobenius codes linear codes linear cyclic codes linear stabiliser codes positive integer quantum communication quantum cyclic code quantum error correction t-Frobenius codes

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Cortically controlled brain-machine interface

Cortically controlled brain-machine interface

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27th Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society

作者： Hatsopoulos, N. G. Mukand, Jon A. Polykoff, Gary Friehs, Gerhard M. Donoghue, John P. Univ Chicago Dept Organismal Biol & Anat Chicago IL 60637 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780387406

Over the past ten years, we have tested and helped develop a multi-electrode array for chronic cortical recordings in behaving non-human primates. We have found that it is feasible to record from dozens of single units in the motor cortex for extended periods of time and that these signals can be decoded in a closed-loop, real-time system to generate goal-directed behavior of external devices. This work has culminated in a FDA clinical trial that has demonstrated that a tetraplegic patient can voluntarily modulate motor cortical activity in order to move a computer cursor to visual targets. Further advances in BMI technology using non-human primates have focused on using multiple modes of control from signals in different cortical areas. We demonstrate that primary motor cortical activity may be optimized for continuous movement control whereas signals from the premotor cortex may be better suited for discrete target selection. We propose a hybrid BMI whereby decoding can be voluntarily switched from discrete to continuous control modes.

关键词： brain-machine interfaces decoding algorithms motor and premotor cortex neural prosthesis multi-electrode array

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Sums of Key Functions Generating Cryptosystems 19th

Sums of Key Functions Generating Cryptosystems

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19th Annual International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS)

作者： Kalashnykova, Nataliya Avramenko, Viktor V. Kalashnikov, Viacheslav Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon UANL Av Univ S-N San Nicolas De Los Garza 66455 Nuevo Leon Mexico Tecnol Monterrey ITESM Sur Av Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur Monterrey 64849 NL Mexico Cent Econ & Math Inst CEMI Nakhimovsky Pr 47 Moscow 117418 Russia Sumy State Univ SumDU Rimsky Korsakov Str 2 UA-40007 Sumy Ukraine

ISBN: (纸本)9783030227500;9783030227494

The paper develops an algorithm based on derivative disproportion functions (DDF) for modeling a cryptosystem for transmitting and receiving devices. The transmitted symbols are encoded with the aid of sums of at least two of those functions weighted with random coefficients. Some important properties of the derivative disproportion functions are also discussed. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the algorithm is quite reliable and robust.

关键词： Cryptosystems Derivative disproportion functions (DDF) decoding algorithms

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