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Effect of driving experience on drivers' decoding process of roadway interpersonal communication

ERGONOMICS 2000年第1期43卷 27-39页

作者： Renge, K Tezukayama Univ Fac Humanities Psychol Lab Tezukayama Nara 6318501 Japan

Sixty-three participants (32 novice, 31 experienced drivers) evaluated meanings of road users' signals in 24 traffic situations such as blinkers, headlights, hazard lamps and hand gestures. The traffic scenes were projected with a slide projector in a laboratory. Confidence in answers was also evaluated by using a five-point scale. The signals were classified into three categories: Formal Device-based Signal (Formal Signal), Informal Device-based Signal (Informal Signal), and Informal Gesture-based Signal (Everyday Signal). The total comprehension scores demonstrated that experienced drivers could understand the signals better than novice drivers. There was a large difference in the comprehension scores for Informal Signal between experienced and novice drivers. Novice drivers could understand Formal Signal and Everyday Signal better than Informal Signal. Similar results were also obtained in the confidence scores. Experienced drivers were more confident in their answers than novice drivers. An effect of gender was found in the scores of confidence. The discussion focuses on how driver's skill in interpersonal communication on roads develops in real traffic situations.

关键词： driving skill interpersonal communication driving experience decoding process

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Design of segmented CRC-aided spinal codes for IoT applications

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IET COMMUNICATIONS 2020年第20期14卷 3541-3548页

作者： Bian, Hongxiu Liu, Rongke Kaushik, Aryan Hu, Yingmeng Thompson, John S. Beihang Univ Sch Elect Informat Engn Beijing Peoples R China Univ Coll London UCL Dept Elect & Elect Engn London England Univ Edinburgh Inst Digital Commun Edinburgh Midlothian Scotland

Rateless spinal codes can achieve reliable transmission with high throughput performance, which is required by some power-constrained applications, such as internet of things (IoT). In this study, the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is divided into segments. We design the segmented CRC-aided (SCA) spinal codes and propose a novel hybrid decoding algorithm. The decoder can terminate the decoding process earlier when an error decoding is detected in any segment. Moreover, a more targeted symbol transmission strategy after decoding errors occur is provided and we call it as the transmitting redundant symbols for specific segments (RSSS) strategy. The RSSS strategy saves the transmitting symbols by transmitting a variable number of symbols, thus improving the throughput of the system. Furthermore, we design a new tail-biting structure for SCA-spinal codes to compensate for the disadvantage of poor error detection ability for short segment CRC bits. The simulation results show that the proposed SCA-spinal codes can reduce the decoding complexity and improve the throughput of the system. The transmission delay can also be reduced by dividing the information bits and CRC bits into an appropriate number of segments.

关键词： error statistics channel coding cyclic redundancy check codes sequential decoding Internet of Things computer network reliability poor error detection ability short segment CRC bits SCA-spinal codes decoding complexity transmission delay segmented CRC-aided spinal codes IoT applications rateless spinal codes high throughput performance power-constrained applications cyclic redundancy check novel hybrid decoding algorithm decoder decoding process error decoding targeted symbol transmission strategy transmitting redundant symbols specific segments strategy RSSS strategy transmitting symbols high signal-to-noise ratio regions

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Fast fractal image compression algorithm using specific update search

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IET IMAGE processING 2020年第9期14卷 1733-1739页

作者： Zheng, Yunping Li, Xiangpeng Sarem, Mudar South China Univ Technol Sch Comp Sci & Engn Guangzhou Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Software Engn Wuhan Peoples R China Gen Org Remote Sensing Damascus Syria

The fractal image compression (FIC) algorithm is difficult to be widely used in real-time applications due to the huge consumption of its encoding time. Inspired by the fact that in the decoding process, for any original image, a fixed point is generated by the iterations of the fractal codes, the authors propose a specific update search FIC (SUSFIC) algorithm, which uses a scale number to control the update times of the fractal codes and to find acceptable matching domain blocks rather than the best ones in the selected domain blocks pool. To further reduce the computation time, in their proposed algorithm, the image blocks created by the equidistant sampling in the range of the original blocks are used to replace themselves when calculating the correlation coefficients as the distances between the adjacent domain blocks. The experimental results presented show that their proposed SUSFIC algorithm has a significant improvement in encoding time under the premise of setting an appropriate search update threshold and maintaining image quality when compared with the state-of-the-art FIC algorithms. Therefore, it is a better FIC algorithm.

关键词： fractals image coding image reconstruction data compression adjacent domain blocks SUSFIC algorithm encoding time appropriate search update threshold maintaining image quality state-of-the-art FIC algorithms fast fractal image compression algorithm real-time applications encoding process reconstructed image decoding process fractal codes specific update search FIC algorithm update times acceptable matching domain blocks selected domain blocks pool computation time image blocks original blocks

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An efficient coding-based grayscale image automatic colorization method combined with attention mechanism

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IET IMAGE processING 2022年第7期16卷 1765-1777页

作者： Qin, Xujia Li, Mengjia Liu, Yuehui Zheng, Hongbo Chen, Jiazhou Zhang, Meiyu Zhejiang Univ Technol Coll Comp Sci & Technol 288 Liuhe Rd Hangzhou 310023 Peoples R China

The development of deep learning provides a new way for solving the colorization problem on the grayscale image. Excellent coding-based methods appear in the automatic image colorization task, avoiding the unsaturated colour effect problem of previous methods based on the L2 loss function. Traditional neural networks come with high computational costs and a large number of parameters. Considering the limitation of memory and computing resources and aiming at lightweight, a novel grey image automatic colorization network is proposed. The basic idea of coding-based methods is used, regarding the colorization task as a pixel-level classification problem, meanwhile redesign and improve the colour encoding and decoding process. This network architecture leverages a lightweight convolution to reduce the computation and combines an efficient attention model to form a residual block as the kernel of the backbone network. Furthermore, an efficient image self-attention mechanism placed at the end of the network is applied to enhance the ultimate colouring results. The method proposed in this paper can maintain the natural colouring effect and significantly reduce the computational amount and network model parameters.

关键词： unsaturated colour effect problem colour encoding high computational costs decoding process convolutional neural nets efficient image self-attention mechanism novel grey image automatic colorization network L2 loss function learning (artificial intelligence) automatic image colorization task deep learning (artificial intelligence) backbone network colorization problem neural nets pixel-level classification problem natural colouring effect traditional neural networks image colour analysis efficient coding-based grayscale image automatic colorization method efficient attention model excellent coding-based methods image classification computing resources network architecture leverages

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APPLICATION OF GENERALIZED MINIMUM DISTANCE decoding TO HYBRID-ARQ ERROR CONTROL

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 1994年第2-4期42卷 640-647页

作者： RICE, M Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Brigham Young University Provo UT USA

Generalized Minimum Distance (GMD) decoding is modified to allow simultaneous error detection and error correction. The soft-decision information retained by the generalized minimum distance concept is used as a source of reliability information which determines when a retransmission of the received packet should be requested. The performance of hybrid-ARQ GMD decoding is shown to be comparable to the ideal reliability metrics proposed by Loeliger and superior to the performance of hard-decision decoders. Performance expressions are derived for low to moderate signal-to-noise ratios and bounds are derived for high signal-to-noise ratios which are loose by 0.5 to 1.0 dB.

关键词： .reliability metrics ratios retransmissions decoding process Error Control soft-decision hard-decision high signal-to-noise Generalized Minimum Distance decoding GMD decoding source of reliability retransmission protocol probability of decoder

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Design of improved Luby transform codes with decreasing ripple size and feedback

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IET COMMUNICATIONS 2014年第8期8卷 1409-1416页

作者： Zhang, Lei Liao, Jianxin Wang, Jingyu Li, Tonghong Qi, Qi Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun State Key Lab Network & Switching Technol Beijing 100876 Peoples R China EBUPT Informat Technol Co Ltd Beijing 100191 Peoples R China Tech Univ Madrid Dept Comp Sci Madrid Spain

In this study, the design of improved Luby transform codes with decreasing ripple size (LTC-DRS) with feedback is presented. Under the proposed design, a new degree distribution algorithm named generalised degree distribution algorithm (GDDA) is proposed, which can achieve arbitrary ripple size revolution accurately. On the basis of GDDA, an accurate ripple size revolution based on binomial fitting is proposed, which can keep the ripple size to a suitable value throughout the decoding process. Furthermore, the authors introduce the feedback and propose a shifted ripple size revolution to diversify the degree values. The improved LTC-DRS with feedback is evaluated and compared with the existing schemes. The simulation results demonstrate that it outperforms other existing schemes in terms of average overhead, average degree of encoded symbols, memory usage and energy consumption.

关键词： wavelet transforms curve fitting decoding error correction codes feedback average degree of encoded symbols energy consumption memory usage average overhead LTC-DRS shifted ripple size revolution decoding process binomial fitting GDDA arbitrary ripple size revolution accuracy generalised degree distribution algorithm feedback decreasing ripple size improved Luby transform codes

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CGGAN: a context-guided generative adversarial network for single image dehazing

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IET IMAGE processING 2020年第15期14卷 3982-3988页

作者： Zhou, Zhaorun Shi, Zhenghao Xian Univ Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Xian 710048 Shaanxi Peoples R China

Image haze removal is highly desired for the application of computer vision. This study proposes a novel context-guided generative adversarial network (CGGAN) for single image dehazing. Of which, a novel new encoder-decoder is employed as the generator. In addition, it consists of a feature-extraction net, a context-extraction net, and a fusion net in sequence. The feature-extraction net acts as an encoder, and is used for extracting haze features. The content-extraction net is a multi-scale parallel pyramid decoder and is used for extracting the deep features of the encoder and generating coarse dehazing image. The fusion net is a decoder and is used for obtaining the final haze-free image. In order to get better dehazing results, multi-scale information obtained during the decoding process of the context extraction decoder is used for guiding the fusion decoder. By introducing an extra coarse decoder to the original encoder-decoder, the CGGAN can make better use of the deep feature information extracted by the encoder. To ensure that the proposed CGGAN works effectively for different haze scenarios, different loss functions are employed for the two decoders. Experiments results show the advantage and the effectiveness of the proposed CGGAN, evidential improvements over existing state-of-the-art methods are obtained.

关键词： decoding feature extraction image colour analysis image restoration image enhancement computer vision image denoising neural nets image coding image fusion image haze removal context-guided generative adversarial network CGGAN single image dehazing context-extraction net fusion net feature-extraction net acts extracting haze features content-extraction net deep features generating coarse dehazing image final haze-free image multiscale information decoding process context extraction decoder fusion decoder extra coarse decoder original encoder-decoder deep feature information different haze scenarios

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Low latency LDPC hard-decision algorithm for 5G NR

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IET CIRCUITS DEVICES & SYSTEMS 2020年第2期14卷 229-234页

作者： Li, Ao Jiang, Qingshan Xie, Kai Wang, Menglei Li, Long Luo, Wei FHK Precis Ind Shenzhen Co Ltd Foxconn Technol Grp Shenzhen 518000 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Shenzhen Inst Adv Technol Shenzhen 518000 Peoples R China

In this study, the authors demonstrate the potential of hard-decision algorithm in industrial 5G NR channel coding. This study aims to show different forward error correction algorithms that can be expected in the context of cloud radio access network. Based on low density parity check (LDPC) min-sum (MS) algorithm, an improved hard-decision algorithm is proposed. The decoding process and performances are shown and compared with MS algorithm. To identify the advantage of this proposal, a test bench is launched in Cisco server using X86 chipset. Its results show a good trade-off between latency and performance.

关键词： parity check codes decoding forward error correction channel coding radio access networks 5G mobile communication wireless channels cloud computing decision theory telecommunication computing mobile computing low latency LDPC hard-decision algorithm industrial 5G NR channel coding forward error correction algorithms cloud radio access network low density parity check min-sum algorithm MS algorithm decoding process Cisco server X86 chipset

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Voice phishing detection technique based on minimum classification error method incorporating codec parameters

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IET SIGNAL processING 2010年第5期4卷 502-509页

作者： Chang, J. -H. Lee, K. -H. Inha Univ Sch Elect Engn Inchon 402751 South Korea

The authors propose an effective voice phishing detection algorithm based on a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) employing the minimum classification error (MCE) technique. The detection of voice phishing is performed based on the GMM using decoding parameters of the 3GPP2 selectable mode vocoder (SMV) codec directly extracted from the decoding process of the transmitted speech information in the mobile phone. The authors' approach is further improved by the MCE scheme in that different weights are assigned to each likelihood ratio and is considered to be new. The experimental results show that the proposed method is effective in discriminating between true statements and lies.

关键词： decoding process Data security telecommunication security mobile phone Mobile radio systems codec parameter Other topics in statistics mobile handsets vocoders decoding minimum classification error method GMM speech coding speech information transmission 3G mobile communication Speech and audio coding Gaussian processes 3GPP2 selectable mode vocoder Gaussian mixture model Speech processing techniques voice phishing detection

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Concatenated physical layer encryption scheme based on rateless codes

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IET COMMUNICATIONS 2018年第12期12卷 1491-1497页

作者： Huang, Ying Li, Wei Lei, Jing Natl Univ Def Technol Inst Elect Sci Cognit Commun Dept Changsha Hunan Peoples R China

A novel concatenated physical-layer encryption (CPLE) scheme is proposed in this study, where better security can be achieved as well as reliability advantage. In CPLE scheme, the encryption is embedded in rateless encoding. The secret key, which is generated from wireless channel, controls the random degree and random linear combination. The rateless codes are also concatenated with other conventional channel codes, which can achieve better reliability. Different from security codes, both the security and reliability in the proposed scheme can be improved. Furthermore, there is no extra computation requirement on decoding process. Security analysis is presented including time complexity comparison and attacks resistance in practical application. Compared to other PLE schemes, the proposed scheme achieves lower complexity, and higher channel adaptation and performance advantage. On the basis of National Institute of Standards and Technology statistical test suite, CPLE scheme can achieve randomness as the traditional cipher system such as advanced encryption standard. Furthermore, simulation results show that the CPLE scheme outperforms the conventional concatenated codes at the same coderate.

关键词： cryptography telecommunication security telecommunication network reliability wireless channels channel coding random codes decoding computational complexity statistical testing CPLE scheme rateless codes concatenated physical-layer encryption scheme secret key wireless channel random linear combination random degree control conventional channel codes reliability security codes decoding process security analysis time complexity attack resistance PLE schemes channel adaptation National Institute of Standards and Technology statistical test suite cipher system advanced encryption standard code rate

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