For upcoming smart grid information and communication architectures, security is an indispensable requirement in order to ensure security of supply, to prevent damages to the electricity supply, loss or manipulation o...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509013159
For upcoming smart grid information and communication architectures, security is an indispensable requirement in order to ensure security of supply, to prevent damages to the electricity supply, loss or manipulation of personal or accounting information, etc. This must be taken into account throughout all developmental phases when creating such a framework, i.e., from the design phase on. Therefore, a Security-by-Design (SbD) approach has to be used which is able to address all potential harms to the envisioned system. Especially through the integration of distributed energy resources, new stakeholders (who may have low awareness of potential security risks) have to be considered, e.g., private households with photovoltaic/battery systems. Through the usage of the Internet for the exchange of sensitive data, intrusions from malicious attackers are facilitated. To cope with this, distributed energy resources have to include a comprehensive security subsystem. In this paper, an exemplary solution for the consideration of these issues in highly distributed infrastructures is given.
In the present context the distribution networks are characterized by the increasing penetration of Distributed Generation (DG) resources, which imposes important changes in operation practice. Moreover, the concept o...
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In the present context the distribution networks are characterized by the increasing penetration of Distributed Generation (DG) resources, which imposes important changes in operation practice. Moreover, the concept of Demand Response (DR) is currently a very important resource. The present paper proposes a methodology that makes possible the allocation of fixed costs in distribution networks considering the integration of DG and DR resources. It considers several possibilities for consumers DR remuneration. The fixed cost allocation is determined in three phases - DC Optimal Power Flow (DC-OPF), Kirschen's tracing method, and MW-mile method. The presented case study contemplates a distribution network with 49 buses, 47 DG units, 4 external suppliers and 50 consumers.
Distributed algorithms and multi-agent systems have been studied in Smart Grid research for several years to address the problems arising from the integration of a substantial amount of distributed energy units. To ch...
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Distributed algorithms and multi-agent systems have been studied in Smart Grid research for several years to address the problems arising from the integration of a substantial amount of distributed energy units. To change the role of these units from an uncontrolled feed-in behavior to actively contributing to system stability, efficient control system integration and scalability are important requirements for Smart Grid systems in the given domain. In this work, we present ISAAC, an energy unit aggregation and planning software based on the principles of controlled self-organization and regulated autonomy.
The DER network management of IEC 61850 system is required to monitor periodically the safety management information in the emergency generator through CTTS of the VPP infrastructure. For the purpose of enhanced monit...
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The DER network management of IEC 61850 system is required to monitor periodically the safety management information in the emergency generator through CTTS of the VPP infrastructure. For the purpose of enhanced monitoring the DER network, this paper proposes DER network interface for improving the data transfer performance in the IEC 61850 server, and analyzes data acquisition, processing and transfer performance between the legacy and the proposed architecture. The proposed scheme is to reduce the data delivery time using an enhanced DER network interface and improves the data throughput performance based on the reliable transfer.
Mobile display has been considered as the major contributor to the energy consumption of the ever-increasing mobile video services. Current practices in display energy reduction (DER) utilize local computing resources...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467399623
Mobile display has been considered as the major contributor to the energy consumption of the ever-increasing mobile video services. Current practices in display energy reduction (DER) utilize local computing resources to analyze the video content before DER strategies can be applied in a per-device fashion. For a given video, same analytical computations are repeated in millions of individual devices. In this paper, we demonstrate that a paradigm shifting framework can be designed to systematically move the common DER local processing to the streaming server with the emergence of cloud-based video services. This framework has the potential to replace the massive per-device DER computation by a one-time global video processing in the cloud. To accomplish this ultimate goal in DER, a new family of video rate-distortion (R-D) profile with embedded DER strategies shall be properly generated. This family of rate-distortion-display energy (R-D-DE) profiles contains a set of common DER parameters to be directly extracted and employed by individual mobile devices to achieve desired display energy saving without repeated local computation. Performance evaluations of the proposed design are carried out to show that this family of R-D-DE profiles is indeed able to command the systematic DER design based on the intrinsic relationships among bitrate, video quality and display energy saving.
Determining the impacts of Distributed Energy Resources (DER), both adverse and beneficial, on distribution systems is straightforward and well documented for single DER systems on single distribution feeders. More co...
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Determining the impacts of Distributed Energy Resources (DER), both adverse and beneficial, on distribution systems is straightforward and well documented for single DER systems on single distribution feeders. More complex techniques have been developed and implemented for multiple DER systems on multiple feeders that capture the critical aspects including the DER characteristics, DER size and location of interconnection, as well as the unique distribution feeder and its design and operating characteristics. These complex techniques can require significant time and resources. Systematic methods for analyzing the immense number of scenarios that comprise distribution systems are needed. This paper outlines the components and application of a new method that can be efficiently applied for a distribution-wide assessment of DER. Example results through implementation in an actual distribution system are shown.
In this paper, different impacts of distributed energy resources (DERs) technologies on the flexible reliability (FR) and overall reliability (OR) have been investigated in hybrid AC-DC microgrid. A procedure for calc...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467381512
In this paper, different impacts of distributed energy resources (DERs) technologies on the flexible reliability (FR) and overall reliability (OR) have been investigated in hybrid AC-DC microgrid. A procedure for calculating the FR and OR is introduced. Then, a sensitivity analysis is carried out to reveal the impacts of each DER's capacity expansion on the OR and FR indices. It has been shown that some DERs may improve the OR indices, but impose some negative impacts on FR indices or vice versa. Indeed, OR and FR indices are highly dependent to the type and capacity of each DER technology and the topology of the microgrid. The results of this study show that different DER technologies have different impacts on OR and FR indices and increasing the capacity of each DER technology reveals a specific trend in changing the OR and FR indices.
During the last decade, the integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) has considerably increased, establishing the microgrid concept. A common power sharing methodology applied in converter-dominated microgri...
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During the last decade, the integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) has considerably increased, establishing the microgrid concept. A common power sharing methodology applied in converter-dominated microgrids without physical communication among the DERs is the droop control method. According to this method, the active power-frequency and the reactive power-voltage droop curves are adopted, in order to fulfil the load demands with power of high quality and reliability. Conventionally, the droop coefficients are fixed and predetermined, according to the nominal apparent power of the converter. However, this power sharing may not be the optimum, regarding the line losses. This paper proposes a novel adaptive droop control method, where the droop coefficients are adjusted based on the indirect measurement of the microgrid impedance, aiming at operation with reduced line losses. The sensed microgrid impedance is different for each DER, since the line impedances between the DER and the loads are different. The proposed control strategy can be implemented in both three-phase and single-phase converters, while the location and the size of the loads can be arbitrary within the microgrid. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is validated by analytical simulation tests.
The canopy density model (CDM), a new product interpolated from airborne laser scanner (ALS) data and dedicated to forest structure characterization is presented. It exploits both the multiecho capability of the ALS a...
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The canopy density model (CDM), a new product interpolated from airborne laser scanner (ALS) data and dedicated to forest structure characterization is presented. It exploits both the multiecho capability of the ALS and a nonparametric densityestimation technique called kernel density estimators (KDEs). The CDM is used to delineate the outmost perimeter of vegetation features and to compute forest crown cover (CrC0). Contrary to other works that focus on single-layer forest canopies, Cr Co is derived here for each layer, namely, the overstory, the understory, and ground vegetation. The root-mean-square error of prediction determined by using field data acquired over 44 forest stands in a forest in Portugal allows the testing of the reliability of the method: It ranges from 6.21% (overstory) to 13.76% (ground vegetation). In addition, we investigate the ability of the CDM to map the CrCo for individual trees. Finally, two existing methods have been applied to our study site in order to assess improvements, advantages, and drawbacks of our approach.
This paper presents a novel voltage-based controller for frequency control in inverter-based isolated microgrids through load voltage regulation. The proposed controller, described here in detail, makes use of the loa...
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This paper presents a novel voltage-based controller for frequency control in inverter-based isolated microgrids through load voltage regulation. The proposed controller, described here in detail, makes use of the load sensitivity to operating voltage to regulate load consumption. The performance of the controller is evaluated and validated through simulation studies on PSCAD/EMTDC based on medium voltage distribution network benchmark. The controller offers two significant advantages: it decreases the system dependency on energy storage systems, and allows for higher penetration of renewable energy and hence less fuel consumption. The controller only requires a local feedback signal, and hence no extra communication infrastructure is needed.
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