This paper aims at identifying the advanced features required by distribution management systems (DMS) service providers to bring inverter-connected distributed energy resources into use as an intelligent grid resourc...
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This paper aims at identifying the advanced features required by distribution management systems (DMS) service providers to bring inverter-connected distributed energy resources into use as an intelligent grid resource. This work explores the standard functions needed in the future DMS for enterprise integration of distributed energy resources (DER). The important DMS functionalities such as DER management in aggregate groups, including the discovery of capabilities, status monitoring, and dispatch of real and reactive power are addressed in this paper. It is intended to provide the industry with a point of reference for DER integration with other utility applications and to provide guidance to research and standards development organizations.
Recently, the ability of microgrids (μgs) to allow a deeper penetration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in Distribution Networks (DNs) has facilitated their widely spread deployment. Because of the variability...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467381512
Recently, the ability of microgrids (μgs) to allow a deeper penetration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in Distribution Networks (DNs) has facilitated their widely spread deployment. Because of the variability associated with the loads and the intrinsic intermittent and nature of renewable energy resources, the development and implementation of effective voltage control strategies is essential to reliably serve the loads, in particular when working islanded from the main grid. To face this problem, we propose a dispersed control approach capable to maintain voltage levels within the operational limits by means of DERs reactive and active power support. We implement an optimization framework to prove the robustness of the proposed control methodology. We illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology with a set of representative studies from the testing of the simulation approach we performed, proving the absence of any opportunity cost involved by the control action.
An emerging concept in smart grid design is distributed generation, a new design approach for power networks in which energy is produced not only in central power stations, but also in small local generators that form...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509021536
An emerging concept in smart grid design is distributed generation, a new design approach for power networks in which energy is produced not only in central power stations, but also in small local generators that form Distributed Energy Resource (DER) networks. In particular, complexities that are associated with distributed generation control, and limitations on available communication infrastructure, are key issues in large scale power sharing among distributed sources. The objective of this paper is to develop a method for power sharing among DERs in real-time, using limited communication channels. These issues are addressed by control strategies stemming from low-rank coordination, a control technique in which individual DERs interact via aggregate variables associated with Virtual Power Plants (VPPs). The freedom in distributing the power production is exploited via an explicit characterization of the right inverse and the null space of the system. As a result, both the overall cost of operation and the communication overhead are minimized.
This paper develops a proposal for designing a SCADA system for the supervision of a photovoltaic generation system using IEC 61850 and ISA S101 international standards, and industrial communication protocols such as ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509037889
This paper develops a proposal for designing a SCADA system for the supervision of a photovoltaic generation system using IEC 61850 and ISA S101 international standards, and industrial communication protocols such as Modbus TCP and OPC. The complete description of the elements of the generating system and communication architecture for this, based on the standard IEC 61850-7-420 is performed. This standard contains the logical nodes (LNs) for modeling systems of distributed energy resources (DER). An important contribution of this work is the design of the human-machine interface (HMI) of the SCADA, which follows the guidelines of the new standard ISA S101, which makes innovative proposals for graphical display of the processes to improve situational awareness in the supervision. The standard has been proposed for industrial processes, but is expected to be adopted in the power systems supervision. Additionally, the inclusion of a section that allows to select two new modes of operation (back up and optimization), as a contribution to the objective of integration of distributed generation in existing power system to promote the transition to a smart grid is highlighted. Finally, the continuous calculation of the amount of CO2 emissions that are avoided and the update on the carbon debt caused by the use of DER sources as a contribution to improving energy efficiency and a new variable to the relevant supervision system is presented. For this job is used mature technology in the electronic component of process control so the contribution is aimed at DER sources supervision and their integration into the power system.
With an increasing amount of installed dispersion resources, the requirements for connecting generators must be focus on stability, control and ensuring safe operation of the distribution system and generators must pr...
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With an increasing amount of installed dispersion resources, the requirements for connecting generators must be focus on stability, control and ensuring safe operation of the distribution system and generators must provide auxiliary services for network. In the European Network Code NC ENTSO-E RFG the requirements for advanced functions of generators are defined and are accepted into the czech technical legislation.
Uncertainty in the future adoption patterns for distributed energy resources (DERs) introduces a challenge for electric distribution system planning. This paper explores the potential for flexibility in design - also ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509051687
Uncertainty in the future adoption patterns for distributed energy resources (DERs) introduces a challenge for electric distribution system planning. This paper explores the potential for flexibility in design - also known as real options - to identify design solutions that may never emerge when future DER patterns are treated as deterministic. A test case for storage system design with uncertain distributed generation for solar photovoltaics (DGPV) demonstrates this approach and is used to study sensitivities to a range of techno-economic assumptions.
This paper will explore the concept of a self-configuring, self-healing and self-managing electric power network of distributed, largely renewable energy nano, micro and macro grids. Beginning at the building level of...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509018789
This paper will explore the concept of a self-configuring, self-healing and self-managing electric power network of distributed, largely renewable energy nano, micro and macro grids. Beginning at the building level of commercial and residential building power systems and including public and provide utility scale systems, and including the potential for intermediary independent service provider and system operators, the paper will describe a network construct of power sources, loads and storage of all types that are interconnected in a way to facilitate real-time transactional power management of power flows in the network grid. Described will be an example of a software defined modelling and operating concept for such microgrid networks. The practical application of real-time transactive energy management principles will be covered in the paper. This includes software that can leverage sophisticated communications technology to host the development of a new energy marketplace. The paper will describe a platform that: · Enables Integrated System Planning, through the integrated capability to model, edit, optimize, and monitor complete energy systems of any size. · Enables Grid Operations through the ability to conduct real-time load-flow analysis, fault detection/location, automated feeder and line switching, automated Volt/VAR control, etc. · Enables Market Transactions by communicating in real-time with end-use meters, using any communication network, and effectively turning into a revenue-grade point-of-sale terminal.
The theory of robust control models the controller-disturbance interaction as a game where disturbance is nonstrategic. The proviso of a deliberately malicious (strategic) attacker should be considered to increase the...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509043057
The theory of robust control models the controller-disturbance interaction as a game where disturbance is nonstrategic. The proviso of a deliberately malicious (strategic) attacker should be considered to increase the robustness of infrastructure systems. This has become especially important since many IT systems supporting critical functionalities are vulnerable to exploits by attackers. While the usefulness of game theory methods for modeling cyber-security is well established in the literature, new game theoretic models of cyber-physical security are needed for deriving useful insights on "optimal" attack plans and defender responses, both in terms of allocation of resources and operational strategies of these players. This whitepaper presents some progress and challenges in using game-theoretic models for security of infrastructure networks. Main insights from the following models are presented: (i) Network security game on flow networks under strategic edge disruptions; (ii) Interdiction problem on distribution networks under node disruptions; (iii) Inspection game to monitor commercial non-technical losses (e.g. energy diversion); and (iv) Interdependent security game of networked control systems under communication failures. These models can be used to analyze the attacker-defender interactions in a class of cyber-physical security scenarios.
This paper presents a contextual anomaly detection method and its use in the discovery of malicious voltage control actions in the low voltage distribution grid. The model-based anomaly detection uses an artificial ne...
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This paper presents a contextual anomaly detection method and its use in the discovery of malicious voltage control actions in the low voltage distribution grid. The model-based anomaly detection uses an artificial neural network model to identify a distributed energy resource's behaviour under control. An intrusion detection system observes distributed energy resource's behaviour, control actions and the power system impact, and is tested together with an ongoing voltage control attack in a co-simulation set-up. The simulation results obtained with a real photovoltaic rooftop power plant data show that the contextual anomaly detection performs on average 55% better in the control detection and over 56% better in the malicious control detection over the point anomaly detection.
Adjacent islanded microgrids may couple provisionally to support each other during emergencies such as overloading in one MG. Thus, a microgrid will observe a structural transformation, when coupled with one/more adja...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509015474
Adjacent islanded microgrids may couple provisionally to support each other during emergencies such as overloading in one MG. Thus, a microgrid will observe a structural transformation, when coupled with one/more adjacent microgrids. Before this transformation, the stability of the new system should be carefully assessed to reject the coupling if instability is probable. This paper uses an eigenanalysis-based small signal stability assessment to investigate the critical eigenvalues of a system of coupled MGs in comparison with the eigenvalues of the MGs which have constituted the CMG, as well as the participation factors of the dominant states on those critical eigenvalues. MATLAB-based numerical analyses are performed for a few sample microgrids.
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