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Mobile LiDAR deployment optimization: Towards Application for Pavement Marking Stained and Worn Detection

IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2022年第4期22卷 3270-3280页

作者： Lin, Ciyun Sun, Ganghao Tan, Lidong Gong, Bowen Wu, Dayong Jilin Univ Dept Traff Informat & Control Engn Changchun 130022 Peoples R China Jilin Univ Dept Automobile Applicat Engn Changchun 130022 Peoples R China Texas A&M Univ Texas A&M Transportat Inst College Stn TX 77843 USA

Clear and distinctive pavement markings play a critical role in providing traffic information and avoiding traffic crashes at night and in adverse weather conditions. Periodically inspecting pavement marking is essential but requires vast human and material resources currently. This paper attempts to use the low-channel LiDAR sensor to detect and evaluate the stain, wear, and cracks of pavement marking based on the research of Pike and Che that the retroreflectivity of pavement markings is highly correlated with the laser intensity of LiDAR. Thus, the deployment location of mobile LiDAR based on its built-in characteristics and mechanical structure is optimized. An optimization model is formed and solved with the elitist preservation genetic algorithm (EGA). The results show that the best installation height is 0.5 m. The rotation angle of LiDAR is 128.4 degrees, 148.0 degrees in the urban and highway scenarios, respectively. The field test results show that the pavement marking can obtain best the coverage, density, and effective use of LiDAR point cloud with the above setting. The field test's mean relative error (MRE) is less than 5% and 10% in vertical installation and vertical installation with an inclination, respectively.

关键词： Laser radar Sensors Laser beams Laser modes Point cloud compression optimization Sensor phenomena and characterization Pavement marking detection deployment optimization mobile LiDAR elitist preservation genetic algorithm

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Sensor deployment optimization Methods in Electromagnetic Field Based on EEIF-PLI

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IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2023年第4期23卷 4216-4227页

作者： Kong, Yaguang Zhao, Xinghong Jia, Guoqiang Hong, Jiangkun Zhang, Fan Hangzhou Dianzi Univ Sch Automat Hangzhou 310018 Peoples R China

Electromagnetic field has a great impact on the performance of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The influence of electromagnetic field generated by power equipment on wireless sensor (WS) nodes is designated as two parameters: environmental electromagnetic interference factor (EEIF) and path loss index (PLI). EEIF is used to describe the probability in the sensor node probability sensing coverage model. PLI is substituted into a node communication path loss model;then, a node packet receiving success rate model can be obtained by above models, which is used to evaluate node communication quality in electromagnetic interference environment. Combined with a service cost model of wireless sensor networks in complex electromagnetic environment, the performance evaluation function of wireless sensor networks is established, and constraints are determined. Solved by the particle swarm optimization (PSO)-gray wolf optimizer (GWO) algorithm, optimal deployment of wireless sensor networks in complex electromagnetic environment is realized. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve best performance.

关键词： Sensors Wireless sensor networks Wireless communication optimization Approximation algorithms Particle swarm optimization Mathematical models deployment optimization electromagnetic interference factor particle swarm optimization (PSO)-gray wolf optimizer (GWO) path loss index (PLI) wireless sensor network (WSN)

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LAPS-and-D2D Enabled Maritime Emergency Communications: deployment optimization and Resource Management

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY 2024年第8期73卷 12270-12275页

作者： He, Yixin Wang, Dawei Huang, Fanghui Zhang, Ruonan Min, Lingtong Li, Xin Chen, Bin Jiaxing Univ Coll Informat Sci & Engn Jiaxing Peoples R China Jiaxing Key Lab Smart Transportat Jiaxing 314001 Peoples R China Northwestern Polytech Univ Sch Elect & Informat Xian 710072 Peoples R China

This paper investigates the application of low altitude platform station (LAPS) and device-to-device (D2D) techniques in maritime emergency communications. The hovering LAPS acts as an aerial base station to provide emergency telecommunications services, and the D2D technique is used to improve spectrum utilization. To make full use of the advantages of LAPS-and-D2D enabled networks, we formulate a sum rate maximization problem by jointly considering the deployment optimization and resource management (DORM). The formulated problem is constrained by the reliability and minimum capacity requirements. To solve this problem, an iterative optimization algorithm (IOA) is designed. First, by using the graphical method, the closed-form solution of optimal power allocation is derived. Next, we transform the spectrum reuse problem into a min-cost max-flow problem, and the Ford-Fulkerson algorithm is employed to solve it. Then, we present a meta-heuristic algorithm to optimize the LAPS deployment. Finally, the simulation results indicate that the proposed DORM scheme outperforms the state-of-the-art works in term of the sum rate. In addition, the convergence and performance gap of the designed IOA are demonstrated.

关键词： Device-to-device communication Resource management Reliability Signal to noise ratio Interference Probability Power system reliability deployment optimization D2D LAPS maritime emergency communications resource management

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ARIS-Empowered Wireless Communications: Joint Beamforming Design and deployment optimization

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IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2023年第12期12卷 2003-2007页

作者： Gu, Xiaohui Zhang, Guoan Duan, Wei Wen, Miaowen Choi, Jaeho Ho, Pin-Han Nantong Univ Sch Informat Sci & Technol Nantong 226019 Peoples R China Jeonbuk Natl Univ Dept Elect Engn Jeonju 54896 South Korea Univ Waterloo Dept Elect & Comp Engn Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada

This letter studies an aerial reconfigurable intelligent surface (ARIS)-aided multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) ground communication system, where downlink transmission from a multi-antenna base station (BS) to a set of terrestrial single-antenna users is investigated. We target at optimizing the sum-rate of all users by jointly considering the active beamforming at BS, the passive beamforming at ARIS, and the ARIS deployment. A three-stage alternative algorithm, called JAPBD, is proposed to effectively solve the formulated problem, where the active and passive beamforming are designed by means of the block coordinate descent (BCD) method, while the ARIS deployment is optimized through successive convex approximation (SCA). Numerical results demonstrate the rapid convergence and superiority of the proposed scheme compared with existing works.

关键词： Aerial reconfigurable intelligent surface active and passive beamforming design deployment optimization successive convex approximation

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deployment optimization for Air Defense Base on Artificial Potential Field

Deployment Optimization for Air Defense Base on Artificial P...

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Asian Control Conference

作者： Chen Chen Chen Jie Zhang Chunmei Department of Automation Tsinghua University Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781612844879

Firepower unit deployment of networked air defense fire control system is a constrained optimization problem in complex dynamic environment. With the development of intelligent weapon systems, firepower units become more and more autonomic. Regarding each firepower unit as an intelligent agent, artificial potential field method is employed to solve the difficulties in mathematical model description and complex constrains handling. Different types of virtual force are applied to units and environment. Unit equilibrium distribution is formed by adjusting parameters of artificial potential functions and deployment solutions are optimized by penetration probability minimization principle. Experiments show that the method is valid and it can be used as a reference to other multi-agent combat systems.

关键词： deployment optimization Multi-agent system Artificial potential field Complex environment

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deployment optimization Method of Multistatic Radar for Constructing Circular Barrier Coverage

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SENSORS 2021年第19期21卷 6573页

作者： Li, Hai-Peng Feng, Da-Zheng Chen, Shao-Feng Zhou, Ya-Peng Xidian Univ Natl Key Lab Radar Signal Proc Xian 710071 Peoples R China Xian Elect Engn Res Inst Xian 710100 Peoples R China Engn Univ PAP Teaching & Res Support Ctr Xian 710086 Peoples R China

To construct circular barrier coverage (CBC) with multistatic radars, a deployment optimization method based on equipartition strategy is proposed in this paper. In the method, the whole circular area is divided into several sub-circles with equal width, and each sub-circle is blanketed by a sub-CBC that is built based on the multistatic radar deployment patterns. To determine the optimal deployment patterns for each sub-CBC, the optimization conditions are firstly studied. Then, to optimize the deployment of the whole circular area, a model based on minimum deployment cost is proposed, and the proposed model is divided into two sub-models to solve the optimization issue. In the inner model, it is assumed that the width of a sub-circle is given. Based on the optimization conditions of the deployment pattern, integer linear programming (ILP) and exhaustive method (EM) are jointly adopted to determine the types and numbers of deployment patterns. Moreover, a modified formula is introduced to calculate the maximum valid number of receivers in a pattern, thus narrowing the search scope of the EM. In the outer model, the width of a sub-circle is assumed to be a variable, and the EM is adopted to determine the minimum total deployment cost and the optimal deployment patterns on each sub-circle. Moreover, the improved formula is exploited to determine the range of width for a sub-circle barrier and reduce the search scope of the EM. Finally, simulations are conducted in different conditions to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method can spend less deployment cost and deploy fewer transmitters than the state-of-the-artwork.

关键词： multistatic radar circular barrier coverage deployment optimization minimum deployment cost deployment pattern

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RDOF: deployment optimization for Function as a Service 14

RDOF: Deployment Optimization for Function as a Service

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IEEE 14th International Conference on Cloud Computing (CLOUD)

作者： Zhu, Lulai Giotis, Giorgos Tountopoulos, Vasilis Casale, Giuliano Imperial Coll London Dept Comp London England Athens Technol Ctr Innovat Lab Athens Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9781665400602

Function as a service (FaaS) simplifies the runtime resource management of cloud applications and enables fine-grained scaling and billing at the function level, thus becoming the most widespread serverless paradigm today. Cost-effective use of FaaS entails appropriately deploying individual functions. We propose in this paper RDOF1, a model-driven approach to deployment optimization for FaaS. RDOF predicts the performance of a FaaS-based application by instantiating a layered queueing network and finds the optimal configuration of each function such that the total operating cost is minimized under the specified performance requirements. We have validated RDOF on Amazon Web Services (AWS) and implemented it in an online tool that operates on TOSCA metamodels.

关键词： deployment optimization function as a service layered queueing networks TOSCA

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A Case Study of Utilizing the SMT Solver for deployment optimization of an IEC 61499-based Application 30

A Case Study of Utilizing the SMT Solver for Deployment Opti...

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30th IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE)

作者： Lyu, Tuojian Blech, Jan Olaf Vyatkin, Valeriy Aalto Univ Dept Elect Engn & Automat Espoo Finland Lulea Tekniska Univ Dept Comp Sci Comp & Space Engn Lulea Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9781728190235

The capabilities of dynamicity, flexibility and agile production are enablers to Smart Factory and Industry 4.0. One critical feature to achieve these capabilities is to achieve efficient deployment optimization for automation control applications. However, many factories have used control applications implemented using IEC 61131 rather than IEC 61499, even though IEC 61499 standard supports Smart Factory better than IEC 61131 standard with distribution and event-driven features. In this paper, we are studying a control application, named HotWaterTank, implemented via IEC 61499. This application can control a hot water tank via several buttons, such as inlet, outlet and heating buttons. Three steps are carried out to deployment optimization with this application that are 1) Flattening, 2) Penalty matrix calculation, and 3) SMT solver calculation. Finally, from the experimental results, we prove that the deployment formulas we proposed can help achieve deployment optimization results while reducing the execution time of the SMT solver. Besides, we also discuss the parameter-related impact on the execution time and optimization results. Our contribution is to investigate the possibilities and difficulties of introducing the SMT solver and containerization technology to the IEC 61499-based application deployment optimization.

关键词： IEC 61499 satisfiability modulo theories deployment optimization flexible deployment containerization

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Design time deployment optimization for component based systems

Design time deployment optimization for component based syst...

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International Conference on Software Engineering

作者： Boone, Bas Verdickt, Tom Dhoedt, Bart De Turck, Filip Univ Ghent Dept Informat Technol IBBT IMEC Gaston Crommenlaan 8 B-9050 Ghent Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9780889866416

In order to ensure system performance, it is necessary to model the performance of a system during the entire development phase. Traditional performance modeling approaches, however, lack the ability to optimize the deployment of a distributed system, which is a critical performance aspect. Existing methodologies for performance optimization, on the other hand, often lack accuracy or the ability to express resource constraints. In this paper, an ILP-based methodology is presented that allows to optimize the deployment of a distributed system, starting from the UML system model. The applicability of the approach is demonstrated using two different case studies, and the approach is validated by comparing the calculated optimal deployment to the results of modeling the system performance using layered queuing networks.

关键词： software performance engineering ILP deployment optimization UML

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Smart Meter deployment optimization for Efficient Electrical Appliance State Monitoring

Smart Meter Deployment Optimization for Efficient Electrical...

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IEEE 3rd International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)

作者： Hao, Xiaohong Wang, Yongcai Wu, Chenye Wang, Amy Yuexuan Song, Lei Hu, Changjian Yu, Lu Tsinghua Univ Inst Interdisciplinary Informat Sci Inst Theoret Comp Sci Beijing 100084 Peoples R China NEC Labs Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781467309110;9781467309103

Monitoring the energy consumptions of the massive electrical appliances in buildings has attracted great attentions for smart, green and sustainable living. Traditional approaches generally require large-scale smart sensor/meter networks, and thus suffer from the high deployment, maintenance and data collection costs. In this paper, we propose methodologies and algorithms to optimize the smart meter deployments to track the on/off states of the massive electrical appliances by using the minimal number of smart meters. Particularly, based on the tree structure of the power distribution networks we show the deployment of m meters will decompose the power distribution network into a forest of m mono-meter trees. Each mono-meter tree has depth 1, with one meter at the root and a set of appliances at the leaves. A mono-meter tree is clear if the meter at the root can decode the on/off states of its leaves without error. Based on it, the smart meter deployment optimization problem is to optimize the meter deployment locations, so as to minimize the number of required meters while keeping all the mono-meter trees being clear. We prove this problem is NP-hard, and propose a greedy algorithm to approach it by utilizing the bounds of degree and the maximum power of the load tree. We show the greedy algorithm has at most 2 approximation ratio. Finally,we assess our approach in different structure power networks by simulations. The simulation results suggest a reasonable good performance of our proposed smart meter deployment strategy.

关键词： Energy monitoring smart meter deployment optimization energy auditing NP hard greedy algorithm approximation ratio smart building sensor network

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