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Picture coding Symposium (PCS)

作者： Cordina, Mario Debono, Carl J. Univ Malta Dept Commun & Comp Engn Msida Malta

ISBN: (纸本)9781479902941

The characteristics of the depth map video are different from those of the texture and thus the empirical function of the Lagrange multiplier. normally used in the rate-distortion optimization (RDO) of texture views might not be suitable for depth map coding. In this paper, we propose a technique whereby the Lagrange multiplier used to select the macroblock (MB) mode is adapted based on the discontinuity region of the depth map and the frame type. This technique, which was tested on various standard test sequences, preserves the depth discontinuities leading to an average depth map bit rate saving of 12.5% without incurring significant quality degradation in the synthesized views compared to using the fixed Lagrange multiplier used in the respective multi-view texture videos.

关键词： Lagrange multipliers Lagrange Multiplying circuits depth coding Videotapes texture MAPPING(MATHEMATICAL) maps

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Efficient Multiview depth coding Optimization Based on Allowable depth Distortion in View Synthesis

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING 2014年第11期23卷 4879-4892页

作者： Zhang, Yun Kwong, Sam Hu, Sudeng Kuo, Chung-Chieh Jay Chinese Acad Sci Shenzhen Inst Adv Technol Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China City Univ Hong Kong Dept Comp Sci Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China City Univ Hong Kong Shenzhen Res Inst Shenzhen 5180057 Peoples R China Univ So Calif Ming Hsieh Dept Elect Engn Los Angeles CA 90089 USA

depth video is used as the geometrical information of 3D world scenes in 3D view synthesis. Due to the mismatch between the number of depth levels and disparity levels in the view synthesis, the relationship between depth distortion and rendering position error can be modeled as a many-to-one mapping function, in which different depth distortion values might be projected to the same geometrical distortion in the synthesized virtual view image. Based on this property, we present an allowable depth distortion (ADD) model for 3D depth map coding. Then, an ADD-based rate-distortion model is proposed for mode decision and motion/disparity estimation modules aiming at minimizing view synthesis distortion at a given bit rate constraint. In addition, an ADD-based depth bit reduction algorithm is proposed to further reduce the depth bit rate while maintaining the qualities of the synthesized images. Experimental results in intra depth coding show that the proposed overall algorithm achieves Bjontegaard delta peak signal-to-noise ratio gains of 1.58 and 2.68 dB on average for half and integer-pixel rendering precisions, respectively. In addition, the proposed algorithms are also highly efficient for inter depth coding when evaluated with different metrics.

关键词： 3D video depth coding view synthesis depth no-synthesis-error rate-distortion optimization allowable depth distortion

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Unified depth intra coding for 3D video extension of HEVC

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SIGNAL IMAGE AND VIDEO PROCESSING 2014年第6期8卷 1031-1037页

作者： Song, Yunseok Ho, Yo-Sung GIST Kwangju 500712 South Korea

With the development of high-efficiency video coding (HEVC), the newest video coding standard, 3D video extension of HEVC (3D-HEVC) has been actively investigated. Since 3D-HEVC uses multi-view texture and depth data for input, various coding tools have been added to HEVC. In 3D-HEVC, on top of the existing 35 HEVC intra modes, eight additional modes exist, which are specifically for depth coding. In this paper, we propose a unified depth intra coding method that incorporates such depth intra modes into the regular intra mode set. In particular, the most rarely used HEVC intra modes are replaced by depth intra modes. As a result, binarization for depth intra modes is removed. Furthermore, the most probable mode selection procedure is modified to consider the elimination of several angular intra modes. The proposed method is implemented and tested on 3D video HEVC test model version 7.0. Simulation results report 2.2 % synthesis gain under all-intra configuration.

关键词： 3D-HEVC depth coding depth intra modes Most probable mode

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Efficient Intra Mode Selection for depth-Map coding Utilizing Spatiotemporal, Inter-Component and Inter-View Correlations in 3D-HEVC

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING 2018年第9期27卷 4195-4206页

作者： Shen, Liquan Li, Kai Feng, Guorui An, Ping Liu, Zhi Shanghai Univ Key Lab Specialty Fiber Opt & Opt Access Networks Shanghai 200072 Peoples R China Shanghai Univ Shanghai Inst Adv Commun & Data Sci Sch Commun & Informat Engn Shanghai 200072 Peoples R China

3D-high efficiency video coding (HEVC) is developed for the compression of the multi-view video plus depth format, which is based on the latest generation of video coding standard, HEVC. It further adopts several new intra prediction modes, depth-modeling modes (DMMs) in intra candidate modes for a better representation of edges in depth maps, which introduces a drastic increase in the computational complexity. The procedure of depth intra mode decision together with DMMs and existing intra modes is a very time consuming part due to huge complexity of full rate distortion (RD) cost calculation. In this paper, a low complexity intra mode selection algorithm is proposed to reduce complexity of depth intra prediction in both intra-frames and inter-frames. An experimental analysis is first performed to study the inter-view correlation and the intercomponent (texture video and its associated depth) correlation in intra coding information such as the intra mode and RD cost. All intra modes available in 3D-HEVC are classified into three activity classes assigned with different mode-weight factors, and the coding mode complexity of a coding unit (CU) is defined according to the intra mode information from available spatiotemporal, inter-view, and inter-component neighboring coded CUs. The coding mode complexity analysis is utilized to assign different candidate intra modes for different types of CUs. The optimal intra prediction mode and the RD cost value in current CU depth level are further used to skip unnecessary intra prediction sizes. Experimental results show that the proposed fast depth intra coding algorithm achieves 61% complexity reduction on intra prediction, while incurring a 0.2% Bjontegaard metric increase for coded and synthesized views compared to the test model of 3D-HEVC.

关键词： 3D-HEVC depth coding intra mode decision inter-view correlation

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depth-Discrepancy-Compensated Inter-Prediction With Adaptive Segment Management for Multiview depth Video coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA 2014年第6期16卷 1563-1573页

作者： Kang, Min-Koo Yoon, Kuk-Jin GIST Sch Informat & Commun Kwangju 500712 South Korea

One of the most frequently encountered problems in multiview depth video coding (MDVC) is the relatively low temporal and inter-view correlations when compared to that of multiview color video coding (MCVC). This directly results in degraded performance of the conventional inter-prediction. In this study, we analyze noticeable differences in statistical characteristics between MDVC and MCVC. On the basis of these differences, we propose a new depth-discrepancy compensation (DDC) method with adaptive segment management to alleviate the performance degradation. Experimental results show that the proposed method performs better than the original inter-prediction of JMVC v8.2 in terms of depth bit-savings and synthesized view quality.

关键词： 3D video depth coding inter-prediction multiview video coding (MVC)

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depth MAP DISTORTION ANALYSIS FOR VIEW RENDERING AND depth coding

DEPTH MAP DISTORTION ANALYSIS FOR VIEW RENDERING AND DEPTH C...

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International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Woo-Shik Kim Antonio Ortega PoLin Lai Dong Tian Cristina Gomila Signal and Image Processing Institute Ming Hsieh Dept. of Electrical Engineering University of Southern California Thomson Corporate Research

ISBN: (纸本)9781424456536;9781424456543

Video representations that support view synthesis based on depth maps, such as multiview plus depth (MVD), have been recently proposed, raising interest in efficient tools for depth map coding. In this paper, we derive a new distortion metric that takes into consideration camera parameters and global video characteristics in order to quantify the effect of lossy coding of depth maps on synthesized view quality. In addition, a new skip mode selection method is proposed based on local video characteristics. Experimental results with the proposed mode selection scheme show coding gains of up to 2 dB for the synthesized views, as well as better subjective quality.

关键词： Multiview plus depth (MVD) depth coding View synthesis Rate-distortion optimization STRUCTURE MAP Rate distortion Rendering distortion coding gain efficient tools Videotapes

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TEXTURE MODE DEPENDENT depth coding IN 3D-HEVC

TEXTURE MODE DEPENDENT DEPTH CODING IN 3D-HEVC

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Xin Zhao Ying Chen Li Zhang Marta Karczewicz Qualcomm Technology Inc. San Diego USA.

ISBN: (纸本)9781479923427

In 3D-HEVC, depth modeling modes (DMM) are applied for efficient intra depth coding. With DMM modes, a prediction unit is partitioned into two parts, and each part is predicted by a single value. In one DMM mode, the partition pattern is implicitly derived at the decoder by searching all pre-defined Wedgelet patterns on a Co-located Texture Luma Block (CTLB), which increases the decoding complexity drastically. To simplify the design of this DMM mode, in this paper, we propose to utilize the Intra Prediction Mode (IPM) of CTLB to largely skip unnecessary Wedgelet searches at the decoder. To achieve this goal, for each IPM, only a limited number of Wedgelet patterns are selected as candidates in this DMM mode. Experimental results demonstrate that, with almost no coding performance degradation, the proposed method significantly reduces the decoding complexity by skipping 90% of Wedgelet searches. The proposed method has been adopted by 3D-HEVC.

关键词： 3D-HEVC depth coding depth modeling modes Wedgelet

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NOVEL DISTORTION METRIC FOR depth coding OF 3D VIDEO

NOVEL DISTORTION METRIC FOR DEPTH CODING OF 3D VIDEO

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Rui Ma Ngai-Man Cheung Oscar C. Au Dong Tian The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Singapore University of Technology and Design Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories

ISBN: (纸本)9781479923427

In state-of-the-art HEVC-based 3D video codec, multiview video plus associated depth maps are used. In order to achieve better coding performance, instead of the conventional sum of squared errors (SSE), view synthesis optimization (VSO) is proposed and included in the anchor encoder software to calculate view synthesis distortion in rate-distortion optimization (RDO) of depth coding. The anchor VSO achieves high rate-distortion (RD) performance. However, it requires partial rendering and is quite complex and time-consuming. On the other hand, simple SSE metric is fast but RD performance is low. In this paper, we propose a new distortion metric to be used in RDO for depth coding. The complexity of the proposed method is slightly higher than SSE, while its RD performance remains competitive. With a good trade-off between complexity and performance, the proposed method can replace the conventional SSE metric in RDO for depth coding, and can be used as a low-complexity alternative to the anchor VSO.

关键词： Distortion metric rate-distortion optimization depth coding view synthesis distortion 3D video

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INTER-VIEW MOTION VECTOR PREDICTION FOR depth coding

INTER-VIEW MOTION VECTOR PREDICTION FOR DEPTH CODING

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IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo

作者： Vijayaraghavan Thirumalai Li Zhang Ying Chen Qualcomm Technologies Inc.

ISBN: (纸本)9781479947607

This paper presents an inter-view motion prediction technique for efficient compression of motion vectors of the depth views in 3D-HEVC. 3D-HEVC is an extension of HEVC standard for coding the multi-view video plus depth content, known as MVD. In MVD format, the motion characteristics of the adjacent views in the depth video are highly correlated. In this paper, we take benefit of this correlation and propose inter-view motion prediction technique, where motion information of the dependent depth views is predicted from the already coded motion information in a reference depth view. In addition, a novel method for deriving disparity vectors based on neighboring pixels is proposed in order to establish correspondences between the blocks in different depth views. Experimental results show that proposed inter-view motion prediction method provides an average bit-rate savings of 1.5% for the synthesized views when the motion information of the depth views is predicted without using the texture information.

关键词： 3D-HEVC Inter-view motion prediction Merge candidates depth coding

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Intra Mode Selection for depth Map coding to Minimize Rendering Distortions in 3D Video

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 2009年第4期55卷 2385-2393页

作者： De Silva, D. V. S. X. Fernando, W. A. C. Univ Surrey Ctr Commun Syst Res I Lab Guildford GU2 7XH Surrey England

depth image Based Rendering (DIBR) is a technique that generates virtual views for multiview video applications from 3D video represented in color plus depth format. The depth map is not viewed by end users. However, it helps to generate different views as required by the application. Therefore, the depth maps need to be compressed in a way that it minimizes distortions in the rendered views. By doing so, it would be possible to generate high quality virtual views, using compressed depth maps. This paper presents two mode selection techniques based on genetic algorithms for encoding depth maps. In the proposed techniques, the encoding modes are decided so that the distortion in the rendered view, v is, minimized. Simulation results illustrate that proposed techniques improve the objective quality of the rendered virtual views by up to 2 dB over the Lagrange Optimization based mode selection technique that considers the distortions only in the depth map.

关键词： depth maps depth coding depth Image Based Rendering 3D video coding

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