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depth map coding Using Histogram-Based Segmentation and depth Range Updating

KSII TRANSACTIONS ON INTERNET AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2015年第3期9卷 1121-1139页

作者： Lin, Chunyu Zhao, Yao Xiao, Jimin Tillo, Tammam Beijing Jiaotong Univ Inst Informat Sci Beijing Key Lab Adv Informat Sci & Network Beijing 100044 Peoples R China Xian Jiaotong Liverpool Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn Suzhou 215123 Peoples R China

In texture-plus-depth format, depth map compression is an important task. Different from normal texture images, depth maps have less texture information, while contain many homogeneous regions separated by sharp edges. This feature will be employed to form an efficient depth map coding scheme in this paper. Firstly, the histogram of the depth map will be analyzed to find an appropriate threshold that segments the depth map into the foreground and background regions, allowing the edge between these two kinds of regions to be obtained. Secondly, the two regions will be encoded through rate distortion optimization with a shape adaptive wavelet transform, while the edges are lossless encoded with JBIG2. Finally, a depth-updating algorithm based on the threshold and the depth range is applied to enhance the quality of the decoded depth maps. Experimental results demonstrate the effective performance on both the depth map quality and the synthesized view quality.

关键词： depth map coding 3D coding histogram-based segmentation

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Intra Predictive depth map coding Using Flexible Block Partitioning

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING 2015年第11期24卷 4055-4068页

作者： Lucas, Luis F. R. Wegner, Krzysztof Rodrigues, Nuno M. M. Pagliari, Carla L. da Silva, Eduardo A. B. de Faria, Sergio M. M. Inst Telecomunicacoes P-2411901 Leiria Portugal Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro PEE COPPE DEL Poli BR-21941972 Rio De Janeiro Brazil Poznan Univ Tech PL-60965 Poznan Poland Inst Politecn Leiria P-2411901 Leiria Portugal Inst Mil Engn Dept Elect Engn BR-22290270 Rio De Janeiro Brazil

A complete encoding solution for efficient intra-based depth map compression is proposed in this paper. The algorithm, denominated predictive depth coding (PDC), was specifically developed to efficiently represent the characteristics of depth maps, mostly composed by smooth areas delimited by sharp edges. At its core, PDC involves a directional intra prediction framework and a straightforward residue coding method, combined with an optimized flexible block partitioning scheme. In order to improve the algorithm in the presence of depth edges that cannot be efficiently predicted by the directional modes, a constrained depth modeling mode, based on explicit edge representation, was developed. For residue coding, a simple and low complexity approach was investigated, using constant and linear residue modeling, depending on the prediction mode. The performance of the proposed intra depth map coding approach was evaluated based on the quality of the synthesized views using the encoded depth maps and original texture views. The experimental tests based on all intra configuration demonstrated the superior rate-distortion performance of PDC, with average bitrate savings of 6%, when compared with the current state-of-the-art intra depth map coding solution present in the 3D extension of a high-efficiency video coding (3D-HEVC) standard. By using view synthesis optimization in both PDC and 3D-HEVC encoders, the average bitrate savings increase to 14.3%. This suggests that the proposed method, without using transform-based residue coding, is an efficient alternative to the current 3D-HEVC algorithm for intra depth map coding.

关键词： depth map coding 3D-HEVC intra predictive coding directional prediction flexible block partitioning depth modelling linear fitting view synthesis

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A FAST depth map coding METHOD BASED ON OPTIMIZED MODES DECISION

A FAST DEPTH MAP CODING METHOD BASED ON OPTIMIZED MODES DECI...

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IEEE China Summit & International Conference on Signal and Information Processing

作者： Dou, Wei Liu, Rongke Guan, Boshen Pan, Yu Xiong, Zixiang Beihang Univ Elect & Informat Engn Dept Beijing 100191 Peoples R China Texas A&M Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn College Stn TX 77843 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479919482

Multiview video plus depth (MVD) has been widely used recently as the representation of 3D scenes. Due to the tremendous data volume, transmission of MVD sequences becomes difficult especially under networks circumstance. Hence, an efficient 3D video coding scheme is required to compress the video data. In this paper, a fast depth map coding method based on optimized inter-frame modes decision in H.264/AVC is proposed to improve the coding efficiency of depth maps. In our study, depth maps are divided into edge, foreground and background parts. For each part, the distribution of inter-frame modes is measured among sequences and only the most frequently used modes are selected as the candidate modes. Based on the statistic results, different modes decision strategies are applied to those three parts during coding process. Experiments show that the proposed method saves up to 76% coding time with negligible PSNR loss and bit rate overhead.

关键词： depth map coding inter-frame prediction modes decision

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Adaptive Fast Intra Mode Decision of depth map coding by Low Complexity RD-Cost in 3D-HEVC

Adaptive Fast Intra Mode Decision of Depth Map Coding by Low...

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IEEE International Conference on Digital Signal Processing (DSP)

作者： Zhang, Hong-Bin Fu, Chang-Hong Su, Wei-Min Tsang, Sik-Ho Chan, Yui-Lam Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol Sch Elect & Opt Engn Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China Hong Kong Polytech Univ Dept Elect & Informat Engn Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479980581

The coding efficiency of 3D-HEVC can be improved significantly by adopting more intra modes in depth map coding, including up to 35 conventional HEVC intra prediction modes and 4 depth modelling modes (DMMs). However, traversing these modes dramatically results in unendurable high complexity. In this paper, we propose an efficient intra mode decision algorithm by taking advantage of the Low Complexity Rate-Distortion Cost information in the rough mode decision. Only one conventional intra mode and several most probable modes are then selected for most cases adaptively based on the threshold derived from the prior probability. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm provides about 34% saving in terms of the total depth coding time with little drop of the coding performance compared with the state-of-the-art algorithm.

关键词： multi-view videos plus depth 3D-HEVC intra prediction rough mode decision depth map coding

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Fast Single depth Intra Mode Decision for depth map coding in 3D-HEVC

Fast Single Depth Intra Mode Decision for Depth Map Coding i...

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IEEE International Conference on Multimedia & Expo Workshops (ICMEW)

作者： Kim, Miok Ling, Nam Song, Li Santa Clara Univ Dept Comp Engn Santa Clara CA 95053 USA Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Dept Elect Engn Shanghai Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479970797

In 3D-HEVC, single depth intra mode has been applied and has been integrated into depth intra skip mode for efficient depth map coding. With single depth intra mode, one 2Nx2N prediction unit (PU) is predicted without high computational prediction process. In this paper, we propose a fast single depth intra mode decision method to address the problem of high computational complexity burden in depth intra mode decision of 3D-HEVC. To remove unnecessary computational complexity at the encoder, we early decide single depth intra mode for pruning quadtree in 3D-HEVC. This paper characterizes the statistics of smooth depth map signals for depth intra modes and analyzes distortion metrics of view synthesis optimization functionality as a decision criterion. With this proposed criterion, a single depth intra mode for intra coding has been detected and hierarchical CU/PU selection for intra coding can be stopped in 3D-HEVC. As a consequence, it utilizes the correlation between hierarchical block-based video coding and coding unit (CU)/PU mode decision for depth map coding so that a large number of recursive rate-distortion cost calculations can be skipped. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach experimentally. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can achieve approximately 25.6% encoding time saving with 0.07% video PSNRltotal bitrate gain and 0.18% synthesized view PSNRltotal bitrate loss under all intra configuration.

关键词： Video coding visual communications 3D video codec depth map coding fast mode decision statistical analysis intra prediction

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Region-based depth map coding using a 3D scene representation 40

Region-based depth map coding using a 3D scene representatio...

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40th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2015

作者： Maceira, M. Morros, J.R. Ruiz-Hidalgo, J. Barcelona Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781467369978

In 3D video, view synthesis is used to process new virtual views between encoded camera views. Errors in the coding of the depth maps introduce geometry inconsistencies in synthesized views. In this paper, a 3D plane representation of the scene is presented which improve the performance of current standard video codecs in the view synthesis domain. depth maps are segmented into regions without sharp edges and represented with a plane in the 3D world scene coordinates. This 3D representation allows an efficient representation while preserving the 3D characteristics of the scene. Experimental results are provided obtaining gains from 10 to 40 % in bitrate compared to HEVC. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： 3D video 3dtv depth map coding

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depth map coding for View Synthesis Based on Distortion Analyses

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IEEE JOURNAL ON EMERGING AND SELECTED TOPICS IN CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2014年第1期4卷 106-117页

作者： Shao, Feng Lin, Weisi Jiang, Gangyi Yu, Mei Dai, Qionghai Ningbo Univ Fac Informat Sci & Engn Ningbo 315211 Zhejiang Peoples R China Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Comp Engn Ctr Multimedia & Network Technol Singapore 639798 Singapore Tsinghua Univ Broadband Networks & Digital Media Lab Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

In 3-D video, view synthesis with depth-image-based rendering is employed to generate any virtual view between available camera views. Distortions in depth map induce geometry changes in the virtual views, and thus degrade the performance of view synthesis. This paper proposes a depth map coding method to improve the performance of view synthesis based on distortion analyses. The major technical innovation of this paper is to formulate maximum tolerable depth distortion (MTDD) and depth disocclusion mask (DDM), since such depth sensitivity for view synthesis and inter-view redundancy can be well utilized in coding. To be more specific, we define two different encoders (e.g., base encoder and side encoder) for depth maps in left and right views, respectively. For base encoding, different types of coding units are extracted based on the distribution of MTDD and assigned with different quantitative parameters for coding. For side encoding, a warped-SKIP mode is designed to remove inter-view redundancy based on the distribution of DDM. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme not only achieves high view synthesis performance, but also reduce the computational complexity of encoding.

关键词： depth disocclusion mask depth map coding maximum tolerable depth distortion three-dimensional (3-D) video view synthesis

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DMMFast: a complexity reduction scheme for three-dimensional high-efficiency video coding intraframe depth map coding

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2015年第2期24卷 023011-023011页

作者： Sanchez, Gustavo Saldanha, Mario Balota, Gabriel Zatt, Bruno Porto, Marcelo Agostini, Luciano Univ Fed Pelotas Grp Architecture & Integrated Circuits BR-96160000 Pelotas Brazil

We present a complexity reduction scheme for the depth map intraprediction of three-dimensional high-efficiency video coding (3-D-HEVC). The 3-D-HEVC introduces a new set of specific tools for depth map coding, inserting additional complexity to intraprediction, which results in new challenges in terms of complexity reduction. Therefore, we present the DMMFast (depth modeling modes fast prediction), a scheme composed of two new algorithms: the simplified edge detector (SED) and the gradient-based mode one filter (GMOF). The SED anticipates the blocks that are likely to be better predicted by the traditional intramodes, avoiding the evaluation of DMMs. The GMOF applies a gradient-based filter in the borders of the block and predicts the best positions to evaluate the DMM 1. Software evaluations showed that DMMFast is capable of achieving a time saving of 11.9% on depth map intraprediction, considering the random access mode, without affecting the quality of the synthesized views. Considering the all intraconfigurations, the proposed scheme is capable of achieving, on average, a time saving of 35% considering the whole encoder. Subjective quality assessment was also performed, showing that the proposed technique inserts minimal quality losses in the final encoded video. (C) 2015 SPIE and IS&T

关键词： three-dimensional high-efficiency video coding depth map coding depth modeling modes intrapredictions complexity reduction three-dimensional video coding

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Region-based depth map coding using a 3D scene representation

Region-based depth map coding using a 3D scene representatio...

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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing

作者： M. Maceira J. R. Morros J. Ruiz-Hidalgo Dept. of Signal Theor. & Commun. Univ. Politec. de Catalunya (UPC) Barcelona Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781467369985

关键词： 3D video 3dtv depth map coding video codecs Bit rate STRUCTURE map View Three Dimensions plane Platanus hybrida High efficiency video coding

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Fractal depth map Sequence coding Algorithm with Motion-vector-field-based Motion Estimation

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KSII TRANSACTIONS ON INTERNET AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2015年第1期9卷 242-259页

作者： Zhu, Shiping Zhao, Dongyu Beihang Univ Sch Instrumentat Sci & Optoelect Engn Dept Measurement Control & Informat Technol Beijing 100191 Peoples R China

Three-dimensional video coding is one of the main challenges restricting the widespread applications of 3D video and free viewpoint video. In this paper, a novel fractal coding algorithm with motion-vector-field-based motion estimation for depth map sequence is proposed. We firstly add pre-search restriction to rule the improper domain blocks out of the matching search process so that the number of blocks involved in the search process can be restricted to a smaller size. Some improvements for motion estimation including initial search point prediction, threshold transition condition and early termination condition are made based on the feature of fractal coding. The motion-vector-field-based adaptive hexagon search algorithm on the basis of center-biased distribution characteristics of depth motion vector is proposed to accelerate the search. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can reach optimum levels of quality and save the coding time. The PSNR of synthesized view is increased by 0.56 dB with 36.97% bit rate decrease on average compared with H.264 Full Search. And the depth encoding time is saved by up to 66.47%. Moreover, the proposed fractal depth map sequence codec outperforms the recent alternative codecs by improving the H.264/AVC, especially in much bitrate saving and encoding time reduction.

关键词： Fractal coding depth map coding 3D video motion estimation Hexagon Search

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