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An adaptive quantization algorithm without side information for depth map coding

SIGNAL PROCESSING-IMAGE COMMUNICATION 2014年第9期29卷 962-970页

作者： Oh, Byung Tae Korea Aerosp Univ Goyang Si Gyeonggi Do South Korea

This paper presents a novel block-adaptive quantization scheme for efficient bit allocation without side information in depth map coding. Since the type of distortion in a depth map causes different effects in terms of the visual artifacts in a synthesized view, the proposed method adaptively assigns the number of bits according to the characteristics of the corresponding texture block. I have studied the details of the depth map and its rendered view distortion, modeled these analytically, and then proposed a new rate and distortion model for depth map coding. Finally, I derived a simple closed-form solution based on my proposed rate and distortion model, which determines the block-adaptive quantization parameter without any side information. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can achieve coding gains of more than 0.6% and 1.4% for quarter- and full-resolution depth maps, respectively, in a multi-view-plus-depth 3D system. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： depth map coding Compression 3D video Multiview plus depth map Quantization parameter Rate-distortion model

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PREDICTIVE depth map coding FOR EFFICIENT VIRTUAL VIEW SYNTHESIS

PREDICTIVE DEPTH MAP CODING FOR EFFICIENT VIRTUAL VIEW SYNTH...

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20th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)

作者： Lucas, Luis F. R. Rodrigues, Nuno M. M. Pagliari, Carla L. da Silva, Eduardo A. B. de Faria, Sergio M. M. Inst Telecommun Lisbon Portugal ESTG Inst Politecn Leiria Leiria Portugal Inst Mil Engn DEE Rio De Janeiro Brazil Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro PEE COPPE DEL Poli BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781479923410

This paper presents a novel approach to compress depth maps envisioned for virtual view synthesis. This proposal uses a sophisticated prediction model, combining the HEVC intra prediction modes with a flexible partitioning scheme. It exhaustively evaluates the prediction modes for a large amount of block sizes, in order to find the minimum coding cost for each depth map block. Unlike HEVC, no transform is used, the residue being trivially encoded through the transmission of just its mean value. The experimental results show that, when the encoding evaluation metric is the quality of the view synthesized using the encoded depth map against the map encoding rate, the proposed algorithm generates reconstructed depth maps that provide, for most bitrates, some of the best performances among state-of-the-art depth maps encoders. In addition, it runs approximately as fast as the HEVC HM.

关键词： depth map coding predictive coding flexible block segmentation depth image based rendering

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REMOVING depth map coding DISTORTION BY USING POST FILTER SET

REMOVING DEPTH MAP CODING DISTORTION BY USING POST FILTER SE...

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IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo Workshops (ICMEW)

作者： Fukushima, Norishige Inoue, Tomohiko Ishibashi, Yutaka Nagoya Inst Technol Grad Sch Engn Showa Ku Nagoya Aichi 4668555 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781479900152

We propose a fast post filter set for removing coding distortions of depth maps. Lossy coding generates various distortions, such as mosquito and block noises, edge blurs, and over quantization. These distortions seriously deteriorate image quality of synthesized views in free viewpoint image rendering. Thus, we propose the post filter set which includes median filter, Gaussian filter, min-max blur remove filer, and binary weighted range filter to remove these noises. In experiments, we use various codecs, which are JPEG, JPEGLS, JPEG2000, and H.264/AVC, for depth map coding, and synthesize views with the coded depth maps. Experimental results show that our post filter set can improves every codecs performance. Improvement of PSNR is larger than the conventional post filter, and especially JPEG is large. The computational time of the filter set, which is implemented by C++ with SIMD optimization, is within 5.2 ms at high bit rate cases, and within 15.3 ms at low bit rate cases.

关键词： depth map coding Post filter Image based rendering Edge preserving filter

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AN ERROR ROBUST DISTORTION MODEL FOR depth map coding IN ERROR PRONE NETWORK

AN ERROR ROBUST DISTORTION MODEL FOR DEPTH MAP CODING IN ERR...

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IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo Workshops (ICMEW)

作者： Gao, Min Fan, Xiaopeng Zhang, Tao Zhao, Debin Gao, Wen Harbin Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci & Technol Harbin 150006 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479916030

Error robustness becomes an important issue when the compressed depth map is transmitted over error prone network. There have been some algorithms to improve the error robustness of color video in the past years. However, their extensions to depth map are not reasonable due to the difference between depth map and color video. In this paper, a novel error robust distortion model is proposed to enhance the error robustness of depth map, in which the end-to-end distortion of virtual view is estimated. More specifically, the proposed distortion model recursively computes the expected decoded depth for each pixel by considering the channel condition and error concealment method, and then the expected decoded depth is used to estimate the end-to-end distortion of virtual view. Experimental results show that the proposed distortion model consistently outperforms the conventional distortion model and outperforms the random intra updating algorithm in most cases.

关键词： depth map coding error robustness distortion model end-to-end distortion

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Fusion of colour and depth partitions for depth map coding

Fusion of colour and depth partitions for depth map coding

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18th International Conference on Digital Signal Processing (DSP)

作者： Maceira, M. Morros, J. R. Ruiz-Hidalgo, J. Univ Politecn Cataluna Dept Signal Theory & Commun Barcelona Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781467358057

3D video coding includes the use of multiple color views and depth maps associated to each view. An adequate coding of depth maps should be adapted to the characteristics of depth maps: smooth regions and sharp edges. In this paper a segmentation-based technique is proposed for improving the depth map compression while preserving the main discontinuities that exploits the color-depth similarity of 3D video. An initial coarse depth map segmentation is used to locate the main discontinuities in depth. The resulting partition is improved by fusing a color partition. We assume that the color image is first encoded and available when the associated depth map is encoded, therefore the color partition can be segmented in the decoder without introducing any extra cost. A new segmentation criterion inspired by super-pixels techniques is proposed to obtain the color partition. Initial experimental results show similar compression efficiency to hevc with a big potential for further improvements.

关键词： depth map coding 3DTV Shape-adaptive DCT depth/texture compression

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ESTIMATION OF END-TO-END DISTORTION OF VIRTUAL VIEW FOR ERROR-RESILIENT depth map coding

ESTIMATION OF END-TO-END DISTORTION OF VIRTUAL VIEW FOR ERRO...

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20th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)

作者： Gao, Min Fan, Xiaopeng Zhao, Debin Jiang, Feng Gao, Wen Harbin Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci & Technol Harbin 150006 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479923410

In this paper, we propose to estimate the end-to-end distortion of virtual view for error-resilient depth map coding by analyzing the view-rendering process. The end-to- end distortion is estimated according to the expectation of depth distortion. The expectation of depth distortion is estimated based on the error-propagated distortion from the reference frame, which is calculated recursively for each pixel by considering the source characteristics, channel condition and error concealment method. The error-propagated distortion in terms of each frame is updated after the frame is encoded, which is used for the subsequent frames. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves substantial and consistent gains in comparison with the random intra updating method and the conventional rate-distortion method for error-resilient depth map coding.

关键词： depth map coding error-resilient coding end-to-end distortion virtual view

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depth map coding using Residual Segmentation for 3D Video System

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3D RESEARCH 2013年第2期4卷 5-5页

作者： Lee, Cheon Ho, Yo-Sung GIST 123 Cheomdan Gwagiro Gwangju 500712 South Korea

Advanced 3D video systems employ multi-view video-plus-depth data to support the free-viewpoint navigation and comfortable 3D viewing;thus efficient depth map coding becomes an important issue. Unlike the color image, the depth map has a property that depth values of the inner part of an object are monotonic, but those of object boundaries change abruptly. Therefore, residual data generated by prediction errors around object boundaries consume many bits in depth map coding. Representing them with segment data can be better than the use of the conventional transformation around the boundary regions. In this paper, we propose an efficient depth map coding method using a residual segmentation instead of using transformation. The proposed residual segmentation divides residual data into two regions with a segment map and two mean values. If the encoder selects the proposed method in terms of rates, two quantized mean values and an index of the segment map are transmitted. Simulation results show significant gains of up to 10 dB compared to the state-ofthe-art coders, such as JPEG2000 and H.264/AVC.

关键词： 3D video coding depth map coding residual segmentation

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PREDICTIVE depth map coding FOR EFFICIENT VIRTUAL VIEW SYNTHESIS

PREDICTIVE DEPTH MAP CODING FOR EFFICIENT VIRTUAL VIEW SYNTH...

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Luís F. R. Lucas Nuno M. M. Rodrigues Carla L. Pagliari Eduardo A. B. da Silva Sérgio M. M. de Faria Instituto de Telecomunica??es DEE Instituto Militar de Engenharia PEE/COPPE/DEL/Poli Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781479923427

关键词： depth map coding predictive coding flexible block segmentation depth image based rendering

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ESTIMATION OF END-TO-END DISTORTION OF VIRTUAL VIEW FOR ERROR-RESILIENT depth map coding

ESTIMATION OF END-TO-END DISTORTION OF VIRTUAL VIEW FOR ERRO...

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Min Gao Xiaopeng Fan Debin Zhao Feng Jiang Wen Gao Dept. of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479923427

In this paper, we propose to estimate the end-to-end distortion of virtual view for error-resilient depth map coding by analyzing the view-rendering process. The end-to-end distortion is estimated according to the expectation of depth distortion. The expectation of depth distortion is estimated based on the error-propagated distortion from the reference frame, which is calculated recursively for each pixel by considering the source characteristics, channel condition and error concealment method. The error-propagated distortion in terms of each frame is updated after the frame is encoded, which is used for the subsequent frames. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves substantial and consistent gains in comparison with the random intra updating method and the conventional rate-distortion method for error-resilient depth map coding.

关键词： depth map coding error-resilient coding end-to-end distortion virtual view

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引用

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 2012年第4期58卷 1338-1344页

作者： Deng, Hui-Ping Yu, Li Feng, Bin Liu, Qiong Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect & Informat Engn Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Wuhan Natl Lab Optoelect Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China

depth map coding aims to maximize the perceived visual quality of the synthesized virtual views instead of the depth maps. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new synthesized view distortion model to capture the effect of depth map distortion on the final quality of the synthesized views. This paper proposes a structural similarity-based synthesized view distortion (SS-SVD) model to relate perceptual distortion in coded depth map and synthesized view by deriving the relationship between the depth map distortion, warping error and synthesized view distortion. The SS-SVD model is applied to the rate distortion optimization which describes the relationship between depth coding bit-rate and synthesized view distortion for depth map coding mode selection. Experimental results show that the proposed SS-SVD method obtains both better rate distortion performance and perceptual quality of synthesized views than JM reference software(1).

关键词： Three dimensional video depth map coding view synthesis structural similarity index

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