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Intra Mode Selection Method for depth maps of 3D Video based on Rendering Distortion Modeling

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 2010年第4期56卷 2735-2740页

作者： De Silva, D. V. S. X. Fernando, W. A. C. Worrall, S. T. Univ Surrey Fac Engn & Phys Sci Lab Multimedia Commun Res I Guildford GU2 7XH Surrey England

A technique to minimize distortions in synthesized virtual views, while encoding depth maps that are used in depth Image Based Rendering (DIBR) applications is proposed. depth maps are not viewed by end users, but are used for virtual view generation. Therefore, it is important to compress depth maps in a way that it minimizes distortion in views rendered with them. In doing so, it would be possible to generate high quality virtual views using compressed depth maps. Firstly, an error model to approximate rendering distortion caused by disparity changes is proposed. Thereafter, this error model is used at the encoding mode selection stage of coding depth maps. Experimental results illustrate an average bit rate saving of 19%-76%, compared with the mode selection method, which is based on minimizing pixel errors only of the depth map. Further, encoding depth maps with the proposed technique improves the overall visual quality of rendered views.(1)

关键词： 3D Video coding depth image based rendering depth map coding stereoscopic view generation

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Low complexity depth mode decision for HEVC-based 3D video coding

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OPTIK 2016年第11期127卷 4758-4767页

作者： Chen, Ming Yang, Yongshuang Zhang, Qiuwen Zhao, Xiaoxin Huang, Xinpeng Gan, Yong Zhengzhou Univ Light Ind Software Engn Cll Zhengzhou 450002 Peoples R China Zhengzhou Univ Light Ind Coll Comp & Commun Engn 5 Dongfeng Rd Zhengzhou 450002 Peoples R China

The emerging international standard high efficiency video coding (HEVC) based 3D video coding (3D-HEVC) was recently standardized by the Joint Collaborative Team on 3D video coding (JCT-3V) as an extension of HEVC for coding the multi-view video plus depth content. In test model of 3D-HEVC, new depth inter and intra modes including disparity estimation (DE), depth modeling modes (DMM) and region boundary Chain coding (RBC) are exploited for depth map coding. These new inter and intra modes achieve the highest possible coding efficiency, but it results in extremely large encoding time which obstructs 3D-HEVC from practical application. In this paper, we propose a low complexity depth mode decision algorithm for both inter and intra prediction to reduce the computational complexity of 3D-HEVC. The basic idea of the proposed algorithm is to utilize the depth map changes characteristic to predict the current depth treeblock prediction mode and early skip unnecessary inter and intra modes, such as DE, DMM and RBC. Experimental results show that the proposed low complexity algorithm can reduce the encoding time by up to 35% for 3D-HEVC mode decision, with negligible loss of rate-distortion (RD) performance. (C) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

关键词： 3D-HEVC depth map coding Mode decision

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View Synthesis Distortion Estimation for AVC- and HEVC-Compatible 3-D Video coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 2014年第6期24卷 1006-1015页

作者： Oh, Byung Tae Oh, Kwan-Jung Korea Aerosp Univ Sch Elect Telecommun & Comp Engn Goyang 412791 South Korea Elect & Telecommun Res Inst Broadcasting & Telecommun Media Res Lab Taejon 305700 South Korea

This paper presents an efficient view synthesis distortion estimation method for 3-D video. It also introduces the application of this method to Advanced Video coding (AVC)- and High Efficiency Video coding (HEVC)-compatible 3-D video coding. Although the proposed view synthesis distortion scheme is generic, its use for actual 3-D video codec systems addresses the many issues caused by different video-coding formats and restrictions. The solutions for these issues are herein proposed. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can achieve approximately 5.4% and 10.2% coding gains for AVC- and HEVC-compatible 3-D coding, respectively. In addition, the results show the remarkable complexity reduction of the scheme compared to the view synthesis optimization method currently used in 3-D-HEVC. The proposed method has been adopted into the presently developing AVC- and HEVC-compatible test model reference software.

关键词： 3-D Advanced Video coding (AVC) 3-D High Efficiency Video coding (HEVC) 3-D video (3-DV) codec depth map coding multiview coding view synthesis distortion view synthesis distortion estimation

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Low Complexity Multiview Video Plus depth coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 2011年第4期57卷 1857-1865页

作者： Zhang, Qiuwen An, Ping Zhang, Yan Shen, Liquan Zhang, Zhaoyang Shanghai Univ Minist Educ Adv Display & Syst Applicat Key Lab Shanghai 200072 Peoples R China Shanghai Univ Sch Commun & Informat Engn Shanghai 200072 Peoples R China

Multiview video plus depth (MVD) is a new 3D video format that would support 3D applications developed by MPEG. Such a format is a combination of texture video and associated depth maps. Consequently, for the efficient transmission of 3D video signals, the compression of texture video and also the depth maps is required. Since high computational complexity of jointly coding between the texture video and depth map is still an open question, this paper introduces a low complexity MVD coding algorithm that adaptively utilizes the texture and depth map correlation. Based on the correlation, we propose four efficient techniques, including depth information based fast mode size decision, adaptive disparity estimation in texture coding, motion vector sharing based on the texture image similarity correlation and the SKIP mode decision in depth coding. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the computational complexity of MVD coding while improve the coding performance and achieve better rendering quality(1).

关键词： 3D video coding multiview video plus depth (MVD) texture and depth map correlation depth map coding

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Efficient Lagrange multiplier selection algorithm for depth maps coding

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ELECTRONICS LETTERS 2016年第20期52卷 1681-U35页

作者： Huo, Junyan Mo, Dongchun Yang, Fuzheng Lin, Weisi Xidian Univ State Key Lab Integrated Serv Networks Xian 710071 Peoples R China Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Comp Sci & Engn Singapore 639798 Singapore

The rate-distortion optimisation criterion of depth maps coding is evaluated by virtual view distortion, which motivates research modelling the distortion and corresponding Lagrange multiplier for depth maps coding. Current studies follow the assumption that the virtual view distortion introduced by texture videos distortion and depth maps distortion can be explored separately. Then the texture-videos-distortion-induced virtual view distortion is considered as a constant value during depth maps coding. A relationship between the optimal Lagrange multiplier of depth maps and texture videos distortion is investigated. Based on this relationship, an efficient Lagrange multiplier selection algorithm is proposed for depth maps coding based on quantisation parameters of texture videos and depth maps. With the proposed Lagrange multiplier, 1.36% bitrate saving with the same virtual view quality can be achieved compared with 3D high efficiency video coding reference software.

关键词： rate distortion theory video coding rate-distortion optimisation criterion virtual view distortion quantisation parameters Lagrange multiplier selection algorithm depth map distortion texture video distortion depth map coding

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Segmental Prediction for Video coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 2017年第11期27卷 2425-2436页

作者： Zhang, Kai An, Jicheng Huang, Han Lin, Jian-Liang Huang, Yu-Wen Lei, Shaw-Min Mediatek Inc Beijing 100015 Peoples R China Qualcomm Inc San Diego CA 92121 USA Huawei Technol Co Ltd Beijing 100085 Peoples R China Mediatek Inc Hsinchu 30078 Taiwan

The emerging standards for screen content coding (SCC) and 3D video coding known as High Efficiency Video coding (HEVC)-SCC and 3D-HEVC, respectively, have been developed as extensions of HEVC. Compared with camera-captured video, screen content video and depth maps usually contain significantly fewer colors or sample intensities and much sharper edges in a frame. In this paper, a new coding method named segmental prediction is proposed to code screen content and depth maps more efficiently. First, samples in a prediction block are classified into several segments according to the sample intensities. Second, a particular predictor is calculated for each segment. Then an offset for a segment is derived at the encoder side and signaled to the decoder side. Finally, a single sample value is assigned to each segment in the reconstructed block. The experimental results show that the proposed approach can achieve a 2.2% average Bjontegaard Distortion-rate (BD-rate) saving under the HEVC-SCC common test conditions (CTCs) for sequences of the category YUV, text and graphics with motion, 1080p, with the all intra configuration. It can also achieve a 0.6% average BD-rate saving for synthesized views under the 3D-HEVC CTCs with the random access configuration.

关键词： 3D-High Efficiency Video coding (HEVC) depth map coding HEVC-screen content coding (SCC) segmental prediction

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Efficient depth intraprediction method for H.264/AVC-based three-dimensional video coding

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OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2015年第4期54卷 1-10页

作者： Oh, Kwan-Jung Oh, Byung Tae Elect & Telecommun Res Inst Broadcasting & Telecommun Media Res Lab Taejon 305700 South Korea Korea Aerosp Univ Sch Elect Telecommun & Comp Engn Goyang 412791 South Korea

We present an intracoding method that is applicable to depth map coding in multiview plus depth systems. Our approach combines skip prediction and plane segmentation-based prediction. The proposed depth intraskip prediction uses the estimated direction at both the encoder and decoder, and does not need to encode residual data. Our plane segmentation-based intraprediction divides the current block into biregions, and applies a different prediction scheme for each segmented region. This method avoids incorrect estimations across different regions, resulting in higher prediction accuracy. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is superior to H.264/advanced video coding intraprediction and has the ability to improve the subjective rendering quality. (C) 2015 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)

关键词： three-dimensional video coding multiview plus depth depth map coding depth intraprediction AVC-based three-dimensional video coding

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depth map compression via 3D region-based representation

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MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2017年第12期76卷 13761-13784页

作者： Maceira Duch, Marc Morros, Josep-Ramon Ruiz-Hidalgo, Javier Univ Politecn Cataluna Image Proc Grp Barcelona Spain Univ Politecn Cataluna Teaching Telecommun Barcelona Spain Univ Politecn Cataluna Area Digital Image Proc Barcelona Spain Univ Politecn Cataluna Area Comp Vis Barcelona Spain

In 3D video, view synthesis is used to create new virtual views between encoded camera views. Errors in the coding of the depth maps introduce geometry inconsistencies in synthesized views. In this paper, a new 3D plane representation of the scene is presented which improves the performance of current standard video codecs in the view synthesis domain. Two image segmentation algorithms are proposed for generating a color and depth segmentation. Using both partitions, depth maps are segmented into regions without sharp discontinuities without having to explicitly signal all depth edges. The resulting regions are represented using a planar model in the 3D world scene. This 3D representation allows an efficient encoding while preserving the 3D characteristics of the scene. The 3D planes open up the possibility to code multiview images with a unique representation.

关键词： depth map coding 3D representation Image segmentation Data compression

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REDUCED RESOLUTION UPDATE FOR depth map COMPRESSION ON THE BASIS OF TEXTURE AND PREDICTED IMAGE

REDUCED RESOLUTION UPDATE FOR DEPTH MAP COMPRESSION ON THE B...

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21st European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO)

作者： Sugimoto, Shiori Shimizu, Shinya Kimata, Hideaki Kojima, Akira NTT Corp NTT Media Inteligence Labs Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781479936878

In 3D video compression, depth map is normally compressed by resolution reduction. To avoid artifacts in views synthesized with the reduced resolution depth map, up-sampling approaches based on special properties of depth map have been proposed. Most previous studies do not apply rate-distortion control and the quality of depth map and synthesized views is not always guaranteed because their re-sampling processes are out of the coding loop. This paper proposes a novel in-loop reduced resolution depth coding based on the scheme of a reduced resolution update mode. This is achieved by encoding prediction residuals at reduced resolution, which was obtained by performing prediction using full resolution references. We also propose an effective method for reduction of resolution for residuals and reconstruction of depth map based on Texture and predicted depth map. Experiments showed that it is possible to achieve bitrate reductions of up to 2.09% and about 1.10% on average for seven sequences.

关键词： 3D video coding depth map coding Resolution reduction Reduced resolution update depth reconstruction filter

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INTRA coding FOR depth mapS USING ADAPTIVE BOUNDARY LOCATION

INTRA CODING FOR DEPTH MAPS USING ADAPTIVE BOUNDARY LOCATION

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IEEE Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP)

作者： Chen, Lulu Hannuksela, Miska M. Li, Houqiang Univ Sci & Technol China Hefei 230026 Peoples R China Nokia Res Ctr Tampere Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9781467344050;9781467344067

depth maps, an essential part in the new generation of 3D video coding, allow rendering of arbitrary viewpoints of a video scene. depth maps are characterized by sharp object boundaries, which significantly affect the rendering quality and account for the most bitrate for depth map coding. This paper proposes a novel intra coding method for depth maps based on a two-step adaptive boundary location process. By extracting a series of sub-blocks along a depth boundary and refining the boundary within sub-blocks, accurate predictions for blocks with arbitrary edge shapes can be realized. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves bitrate reductions of up to 28% and 13% on average for seven test sequences of MPEG 3DV compared to original intra coding of H.264/AVC considering the same quality of synthesized views. Besides, subjective quality of virtual views is improved owning to well preserved boundary information.

关键词： depth map coding adaptive boundary location intra prediction view synthesis 3D video

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