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An Analytical Model for Synthesis Distortion Estimation in 3D Video

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING 2014年第1期23卷 185-199页

作者： Fang, Lu Cheung, Ngai-Man Tian, Dong Vetro, Anthony Sun, Huifang Au, Oscar C. Univ Sci & Technol China Hefei 230027 Peoples R China Singapore Univ Technol & Design Singapore 138682 Singapore Mitsubishi Elect Res Labs Multimedia Grp Cambridge MA 02139 USA Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Multimedia Technol Res Ctr Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China

We propose an analytical model to estimate the synthesized view quality in 3D video. The model relates errors in the depth images to the synthesis quality, taking into account texture image characteristics, texture image quality, and the rendering process. Especially, we decompose the synthesis distortion into texture-error induced distortion and depth-error induced distortion. We analyze the depth-error induced distortion using an approach combining frequency and spatial domain techniques. Experiment results with video sequences and coding/rendering tools used in MPEG 3DV activities show that our analytical model can accurately estimate the synthesis noise power. Thus, the model can be used to estimate the rendering quality for different system designs.

关键词： 3D video DIBR depth map coding rendering view synthesis power spectral density gradient-based analysis

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Efficient multiview depth video coding using depth synthesis prediction

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OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2011年第7期50卷 077004-077004页

作者： Lee, Cheon Choi, Byeongho Ho, Yo-Sung Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol Kwangju 500712 South Korea Korea Elect Technol Inst Songnam 463816 Gyeonggi Prov South Korea

The view synthesis prediction (VSP) method utilizes interview correlations between views by generating an additional reference frame in the multiview video coding. This paper describes a multiview depth video coding scheme that incorporates depth view synthesis and additional prediction modes. In the proposed scheme, we exploit the reconstructed neighboring depth frame to generate an additional reference depth image for the current viewpoint to be coded using the depth image-based-rendering technique. In order to generate high-quality reference depth images, we used pre-processing on depth, depth image warping, and two types of hole filling methods depending on the number of available reference views. After synthesizing the additional depth image, we encode the depth video using the proposed additional prediction modes named VSP modes;those additional modes refer to the synthesized depth image. In particular, the VSP_SKIP mode refers to the co-located block of the synthesized frame without the coding motion vectors and residual data, which gives most of the coding gains. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed depth view synthesis method provides high-quality depth images for the current view and the proposed VSP modes provide high coding gains, especially on the anchor frames. (C) 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.3600575]

关键词： depth video coding three-dimensional video coding depth view synthesis depth map coding

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Object Boundary-Based Synthesized View Distortion Estimation

Object Boundary-Based Synthesized View Distortion Estimation

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Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications

作者： Miok Kim Nam Ling Department of Computer Engineering Santa Clara University Santa Clara California 95053 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479984671

In this paper, we propose an object boundary based view synthesis distortion estimation (VSDE) for depth map coding to improve virtual synthesized view quality. The proposed method estimates depth map distortion related to an energy minimization in such a way that additional sharp edge information of depth maps involves in VSDE. It aims at reducing visual artifacts of synthesized views along sharp edge areas while maintaining coding efficiency of depth map coding. As a result, it improves the depth coding performance slightly and reduces rendering distortions around the object boundaries. Experimental results show that the proposed method shows improved subjective visual quality while reducing coding redundancy.

关键词： Video coding visual communications 3D video codec depth map coding multi-view video plus depth (MVD) format and visual quality

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A NEW MODE SELECTION TECHNIQUE FOR coding depth mapS OF 3D VIDEO

A NEW MODE SELECTION TECHNIQUE FOR CODING DEPTH MAPS OF 3D V...

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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing

作者： D. V.S.X. De Silva W.A.C. Fernando H. Kodikara Arachchi I-Lab CCSR University of Surrey Guildford GU2 7XH UK

ISBN: (纸本)9781424442959;9781424442966

Compression of depth maps that are used in 3D video systems based on depth Image Based Rendering (DIBR) poses a new challenge in video coding, since it is not a sequence of images for final viewing by end users rather an aid for rendering. Therefore, compressing depth maps using existing video coding techniques yields unacceptable distortions while rendering virtual views. In this paper we propose a novel mode selection method for offline compression of depth maps by selecting modes collaboratively considering an entire row of macroblocks together. For selecting these modes while encoding, we propose a novel distortion criteria that incorporates rendering distortions instead of distortion of depth map itself. A genetic algorithm based optimization technique is used for the mode selection. The simulation results suggest that the proposed technique can improve the PSNR up to 1.6dB in the rendered stereoscopic views in comparison to the block wise mode selection method based on Lagrange Optimization and the distortion of the depth map itself.

关键词： depth map coding 3D video DIBR Rendering STRUCTURE map distortion maps Video coding video equipment image sequences Videotapes End users Peak signal-to-noise ratio abnormal shapes

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DISTRIBUTED MULTI-HYPOTHESIS coding OF depth mapS USING TEXTURE MOTION INFORMATION AND OPTICAL FLOW

DISTRIBUTED MULTI-HYPOTHESIS CODING OF DEPTH MAPS USING TEXT...

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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing

作者： Matteo Salmistraro Marco Zamarin Lars Lau Raket Soren Forchhammer DTU Fotonik Technical University of Denmark Department of Computer Science University of Copenhagen

ISBN: (纸本)9781479903573

Distributed Video coding (DVC) is a video coding paradigm allowing a shift of complexity from the encoder to the decoder. depth maps are images enabling the calculation of the distance of an object from the camera, which can be used in multiview coding in order to generate virtual views, but also in single view coding for motion detection or image segmentation. In this work, we address the problem of depth map video DVC encoding in a single-view scenario. We exploit the motion of the corresponding texture video which is highly correlated with the depth maps. In order to extract the motion information, a block-based and an optical flow-based method are employed. Finally we fuse the proposed Side Information using a multi-hypothesis DVC decoder, which allows us to exploit the strengths of all the proposed methods at the same time.

关键词： Distributed Source coding depth map coding Wyner-Ziv coding Optical Flow Distributed Video coding Optic Flow distributed source coding Video coding digital video coding information maps STRUCTURE map Motion detection

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REDUCED RESOLUTION UPDATE FOR depth map COMPRESSION ON THE BASIS OF TEXTURE AND PREDICTED IMAGE

REDUCED RESOLUTION UPDATE FOR DEPTH MAP COMPRESSION ON THE B...

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European Signal Processing Conference

作者： Shiori Sugimoto Shinya Shimizu Hideaki Kimata Akira Kojima NTT Media Inteligence Laboratories NTT Corporation

ISBN: (纸本)9781479936878

In 3D video compression, depth map is normally compressed by resolution reduction. To avoid artifacts in views synthesized with the reduced resolution depth map, up-sampling approaches based on special properties of depth map have been proposed. Most previous studies do not apply rate-distortion control and the quality of depth map and synthesized views is not always guaranteed because their re-sampling processes are out of the coding loop. This paper proposes a novel in-loop reduced resolution depth coding based on the scheme of a reduced resolution update mode. This is achieved by encoding prediction residuals at reduced resolution, which was obtained by performing prediction using full resolution references. We also propose an effective method for reduction of resolution for residuals and reconstruction of depth map based on Texture and predicted depth map. Experiments showed that it is possible to achieve bitrate reductions of up to 2.09% and about 1.10% on average for seven sequences.

关键词： 3D video coding depth map coding Resolution reduction Reduced resolution update depth reconstruction Filter

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Motion Estimation for depth maps coding Based on Rendered View Distortion

Motion Estimation for Depth Maps Coding Based on Rendered Vi...

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International Conference on Audio, Language and Image Processing

作者： Zhiru Shi Yunyu Shi Xiaoyun Zhang Zhiyong Gao Institute of Image Communication & Information Processing Shanghai Jiao Tong University

ISBN: (纸本)9781479939046

Incolour plus depth map 3D video, depth map is a luminance image that aids the virtual views generation. Since it is not the final image viewed by end user, the conventional depth map compression method, which minimizes the pixel errors of the depth map, introduces more distortions to the virtual rendered images. In this paper, a novel motion estimation scheme for depth map coding is proposed. By employing rendered view distortion in Rate-Distortion Optimization, the optimal Motion Vector is determined to improve the rendered views quality. An effective Lagrange multiplier is also derived. Experimental results illustrate that 34% - 63% of bit can be saved comparing to the conventional motion estimation method.

关键词： 3D Video coding DIBR depth map coding Rendered View Distortion Motion Estimation

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Fast depth map intra prediction algorithm based on edge detection and CU partition

Fast depth map intra prediction algorithm based on edge dete...

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11th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM 2015)

作者： Zhenyong Wang Lifeng Mo Dezhi Li Ting Xu School of Electronics and Information Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510821279

This paper proposed a new fast intra prediction algorithm based on fast edge detection and CU partition for depth map to reduce the coding complexity of Multiview Video Plus depth (MVD) coding in HEVC. The latest video coding standard HEVC greatly improves the coding complexity of intra prediction because of complex coding unit (CU) partition and lots of prediction modes. depth maps always have smooth regions separated by sharp edges. Smooth regions can help to speed up the CU partition and reduce the time of intra mode decision, and sharp edges must be protected to ensure the quality of synthetic viewpoints. In the new algorithm, an equation and a threshold T are used to detect whether there are edges in current CU. To different kinds of CU, different intra mode decision methods are taken. After simulation, the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm significantly reduces the coding times, while maintaining high bitrate and PSNR performance in comparison with original HEVC algorithm.

关键词： CU Partition depth map coding Edge Detection Intra Prediction Mode Decision Edge detection Copper encoding complexity Prediction algorithms partitions

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A depth Image coding Method for 3DTV System Based on Edge Enhancement

A Depth Image Coding Method for 3DTV System Based on Edge En...

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2008 11th IEEE International Conference on Communication Technology(ICCT2008)

作者： Renlong He,Mei Yu,Gangyi Jiang Faculty of Information Science and Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo 315211,China

A depth image coding method is proposed for 3DTV system in this *** proposed method is based on edge enhancement algorithm,considering the fact that the quality of synthesized virtual viewpoint images will be greatly affected by boundary regions in depth *** the process of edge extraction and slice-adaptation,the proposed method utilizes different quantization parameters for different depth regions so as to maintain quality of boundary regions in depth *** results show that the proposed depth image coding method saves bit-rate markedly while maintaining quality of synthesized virtual viewpoint images.

关键词： depth map coding edge enhancement sliceadaptive

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A NOVEL DISTORTION MODEL FOR depth coding IN 3D-HEVC

A NOVEL DISTORTION MODEL FOR DEPTH CODING IN 3D-HEVC

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Chenyang Li Xin Jin Qionghai Dai Shenzhen Key Lab of Broadband Network and Multimedia Graduate School at Shenzhen Tsinghua University

ISBN: (纸本)9781479957521

In 3D-HEVC, the latest 3D video coding project of MPEG, the coding mode of depth maps is determined by view synthesis optimization (VSO) which integrates view synthesis distortion into rate distortion optimization (RDO) to improve the compression efficiency and synthesis quality simultaneously. However, it introduces a big burden in coding complexity of depth maps. In this paper, a novel distortion model for depth coding in 3D-HEVC is proposed which estimates the distortion of synthesized views using an adaptive model for different pixel intervals. It outperforms existing depth distortion estimation algorithms by 16.6% BD-BR saving in max and 10.2% BD-BR saving on average. Compared with VSO, it reduces encoding complexity of depth maps by 46.2% with the highest efficiency-complexity performance among existing depth distortion estimation algorithms.

关键词： depth distortion estimation depth map coding Rate-distortion optimization 3D-HEVC

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