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Fidelity Measurement on Signal detection algorithms with Application to AFM Imaging

IEEE ACCESS 2018年 6卷 52831-52842页

作者： Ghosal, Sayan Salapaka, Murti Seagate Technol Shakopee MN 55379 USA Univ Minnesota Dept Elect & Comp Engn Minneapolis MN 55455 USA

Many signal processing and decision making algorithms reported in contemporary literature characterize the performance of the proposed methods utilizing decision error rates. However there is significant need for strategies that provide quantitative assessment of the fidelity of decisions made by the algorithms. This paper develops novel techniques utilizing which fidelity measures can be assigned quantitatively on some prevalent signal detection algorithms. The developed fidelity measurement methods with the detection algorithms are employed for topography imaging utilizing dynamic mode atomic force microscope (AFM). The AFM is a versatile metrology tool for interrogating material at the nano-scale. In spite of its remarkable achievements, a key issue that remains largely unaddressed is the assessment of fidelity of the measurement data. The developed paradigm facilitates user specific priority for either detection of sample features with high decision confidence or on not missing detection of true features. The fidelity measures presented here are suitable for real-time implementation. A detailed comparative study is presented to characterize the proposed signal detection algorithms and fidelity measurement techniques under practical AFM applications. Comprehensive simulation and experimental data corroborate the effectiveness of proposed methods.

关键词： Atomic force microscopy detection algorithms estimation Kalman filters observers scanning probe microscopy signal detection signal processing algorithms

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A COMPARISON OF THE NOISE SENSITIVITY OF 9 QRS detection algorithms

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 1990年第1期37卷 85-98页

作者： FRIESEN, GM JANNETT, TC JADALLAH, MA YATES, SL QUINT, SR NAGLE, HT ALCATEL NETWORK SYST DEPT RES & DEV RES TRIANGLE PK NC USA BELL NO RES RES TRIANGLE PK NC USA N CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN RALEIGH NC 27695 USA UNIV N CAROLINA BIOMED ENGN CURRICULUM CHAPEL HILL NC 27514 USA UNIV ALABAMA DEPT ELECT ENGN BIRMINGHAM AL 35233 USA

The noise sensitivities of nine different QRS detection algorithms were measured for a normal, single-channel, lead-II, synthesized ECG corrupted with five different types of synthesized noise: electromyographic interference, 60-Hz power line interference, baseline drift due to respiration, abrupt baseline shift, and a composite noise constructed from all of the other noise types. The percentage of QRS complexes detected, the number of false positives, and the detection delay were measured. None of the algorithms were able to detect all QRS complexes without any false positives for all of the noise types at the highest noise level. algorithms based on amplitude and slope had the highest performance for EMG-corrupted ECG. An algorithm using a digital filter had the best performance for the composite-noise-corrupted data.

关键词： QRS complex optimum performance Noise sensitivity algorithms False-positives electrochemical grinding detection algorithms noise type

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JOINT CARRIER PHASE ESTIMATION AND DATA detection algorithms FOR MULTI-H CPM DATA-TRANSMISSION

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 1986年第9期34卷 873-881页

作者： LIEBETREU, JM Department of Electrical Engineering University of Colorado Colorado Springs CO USA

A dynamic programming algorithm, developed in [1]-[4] for obtaining the joint estimate of carrier phase and data, is applied to multi h continuous phase modulation. A MAP estimator detects data and jointly tracks carrier phase consisting of a normal random walk phase jitter process. Monte Carlo computer simulations are used to evaluate the probability of error performance for two receivers employed in demodulation of multi- h CPM signals. A simplified algorithm is proposed which yields up to a tenfold reduction in computation time at the expense of less than 1 dB in signal-to-noise ratio at the error rates computed, and for suitable ranges of phase jitter increments variance.

关键词： Phase estimation detection algorithms Data communication Jitter Dynamic programming Heuristic algorithms Continuous phase modulation Phase detection Monte Carlo methods Computer simulation

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Morphological detection algorithms for the automatic implantable cardioverter/defibrillator (AICD)

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BIOMEDIZINISCHE TECHNIK 2004年第11期49卷 306-310页

作者： Kaup, HJ Hexamer, M Werner, J Ruhr Univ Bochum Inst Biomed Tech Dept Biomed Engn Fac Med D-44780 Bochum Germany Ruhr Univ Bochum Univ Ctr Med Engn D-44780 Bochum Germany

To prevent sudden cardiac death of patients who are at risk from long standing tachyarrhythmia the implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is the first choice therapy. ICDs use a range of electrostimuli up to defibrillation, which is a non synchronous high energy shock, whereas cardioversion is synchronous with the ECG. In order to know when and how to react, a detection algorithm, which analyses an intracardial electrocardiogram (ECG) and classifies the heart rhythm, is implemented in every ICD. All detection algorithms use the heart rate to classify the different heart rhythms roughly. If a tachycardia is detected, it is important to discriminate between a ventricular tachycardia, which is life threatening and a supraventricular tachycardia, which is much less threatening. To be able to make this distinction the detection algorithms analyse the behaviour of the heart cycle intervals, the ECG-morphology or in addition to the ventricular ECG, an atrial ECG. In this paper morphological algorithms will be evaluated and newly developed algorithms will be presented. Recent algorithms use the mathematical wavelet theory. The evaluation shows that these get better results than all but one of the simpler classical morphological algorithms. A new wavelet based algorithm, developed by the authors, exhibits the best detection results.

关键词： ACID detection algorithms morphological algorithms wavelets

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Description of a new all cause mortality surveillance system in Sweden as a warning system using threshold detection algorithms

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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY 2006年第3期21卷 181-189页

作者： Sartorius, B Jacobsen, H Törner, A Giesecke, J Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control Dept Epidemiol SE-17182 Solna Sweden

A warning system has been set up to detect unusual weekly clusters of deaths by age group and municipality using all-cause Swedish death registry data. The technique for monitoring deaths by age group (<1, 1-24, 25-44, 45-64 and 65 plus) and week uses a compound smoothing technique, which calculates a baseline of expected events from retrospective data. Due to insufficient baseline data for the geographical component of the system a different algorithm, based on the Poisson distribution, was chosen to calculate expected weekly number of deaths per municipality, adjusting for municipalities with inherently higher mortality rates. This system was designed and tested during 2004 and implemented from the beginning of 2005. Threshold settings have been adjusted to provide a realistic number of weekly alerts. An evaluation of the system will be performed prospectively from the beginning of 2005 due to the lack of a gold standard for retrospective performance evaluation.

关键词： all-cause mortality surveillance detection algorithms warning threshold

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ADAPTIVE detection algorithms FOR MULTIPLE-TARGET SITUATIONS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS 1977年第4期13卷 338-343页

作者： RICKARD, JT DILLARD, GM ORINCON CORP LA JOLLACA 92037 NAVAL ELECTR LAB CTR SAN DIEGOCA 92152

The performance of a mean-level detector is considered for the case where one or more interfering target returns are present in the set of cells used in estimating the clutter-plus-noise level. A serious degradation of detection probability is demonstrated for all of the single-pulse Swerling target fluctuation models (i. e., cases 0, 2, and 4). Indeed, for fixed mean radar cross sections of the primary and interfering targets, the probability of detecting the primary target is asymptotic to values significantly less than unity as the signal-to-noise ratios of the returns approach infinity. A class of alternative adaptive detection procedures is proposed and analyzed. These procedures, based on ranking and censoring techniques, maintain acceptable performance in the presence of interfering targets, and require only a minor addition in hardware to a conventional mean-level detector.

关键词： detection algorithms Radar detection Fluctuations Detectors Clutter Degradation Radar cross section Hardware Doppler radar Laboratories

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THRESHOLD SELECTION FOR LINE detection algorithms

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING 1980年第2期18卷 204-211页

作者： GURNEY, CM Department of Geography Reading University Reading UK

Local operators are used to detect linear features in Landsat data for an area where such features are typically less than 1 pixel in width. A modification to existing techniques is made which gives improved results. The choice of threshold for the detector algorithm is investigated by considering line and background intensity, linewidths, and line alignment with respect to the pixel boundaries and spatial autocorrelation in the data set. It is found that results will always contain a significant amount of noise. Two postprocessing techniques are described which reduce this noise by utilizing contextual information in the data.

关键词： detection algorithms Detectors Satellites Remote sensing Bismuth Computer vision Autocorrelation Noise reduction Geology

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STUDIES OF TARGET detection algorithms THAT USE POLARIMETRIC RADAR DATA

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS 1989年第2期25卷 150-165页

作者： NOVAK, LM SECHTIN, MB CARDULLO, MJ Lincoln Laboratory M.I.T. Lexington MA USA MIT Lincoln Lab. Lexington MA USA

algorithms are described which make use of polarimetric radar information in the detection and discrimination of targets in a ground clutter background. The optimal polarimetric detector (OPD) is derived. This algorithm processes the complete polarization scattering matrix (PSM) and provides the best possible detection performance from polarimetric radar data. Also derived is the best linear polarimetric detector, the polarimetric matched filter (PMF), and the structure of this detector is related to simple polarimetric target types. New polarimetric target and clutter models are described and used to predict the performance of the OPD and the PME. The performance of these algorithms is compared with that of simpler detectors that use only amplitude information to detect targets. The ability to discriminate between target types by exploring differences in polarimetric properties is discussed.

关键词： Radar polarimetry algorithms radar data polarimetry Object detection detection algorithms

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL 1981年第3期26卷 676-680页

作者： CHAN, YK EDSINGER, RW Energy Technology Applications Boeing Computer Services Inc. Tukwila WA USA

A routine procedure is presented to generate random number series with specified power spectral density, and mixed Gaussian probability distribution functions. This can be used to simulate airplane sensor outputs in the synthesis and evaluation of failure detection schemes for redundant sensor sets. An example is given comparing some statistics of simulated sensor outputs to their observed counterparts.

关键词： Random number generation Airplanes detection algorithms Sensor phenomena and characterization Probability distribution Statistics White noise Nonlinear filters Control system synthesis Aerospace control

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Novel SISO detection algorithms for Nonlinear Satellite Channels

Novel SISO Detection Algorithms for Nonlinear Satellite Chan...

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54th Annual IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM)

作者： Colavolpe, Giulio Piemontese, Amina Univ Parma Dipartimento Ingn Informaz Viale GP Usberti 181-A I-43100 Parma Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781424492688

We propose novel detection algorithms for linear modulations transmitted over nonlinear satellite channels, also impaired by additive white Gaussian noise. These algorithms are derived by using a Volterra-series expansion of the useful signal and by applying the sum-product algorithm to a suitably-designed factor graph. Being soft-input soft-output (SISO) in nature, the proposed detectors can be adopted in turbo processing without additional modifications. Typical linear modulations employed in satellite transmissions are considered in the numerical results. When compared with the optimal detection algorithm for these channels, whose complexity is exponential in the channel memory, the proposed schemes result very appealing in terms of tradeoff between performance and computational complexity. Particularly, the proposed schemes can approach the optimal performance with a complexity only linear in the channel memory.

关键词： Complexity theory detection algorithms Detectors Gaussian noise Gaussian noise Phase shift keying SISO detection algorithms Satellite broadcasting Satellites Volterra equations Volterra-series expansion channel memory computational complexity computational complexity linear modulations nonlinear satellite channels optimal detection algorithm optimisation satellite communication satellite transmissions soft-input soft-output detection algorithm suitably-designed factor graph sum-product algorithm turbo processing wireless channels

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