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Full-Duplex Wideband digital array With Beamforming and Application to Sum/Difference Pattern Retrodirectivity

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION 2025年第3期73卷 1858-1863页

作者： Don, Alexander T. Kuznetcov, Maksim V. Shafiq, Zain Frith, Ronnie Podilchak, Symon K. Univ Edinburgh Inst Imaging Data & Commun IDCOM Edinburgh EH9 3JW Scotland

A fully digital antenna array is developed and experimentally tested for beamforming, null generation, and in-band full duplex (IBFD) retrodirective beam-steering. The supporting S-band array is compact and comprises co-located transmit and receive stacked patch elements with isolation values of 40 dB. In addition, each element is fed using H-shaped slots and dual-differential integrated couplers and this offers dual-polarized operation as required, while a synchronized software-defined radio (SDR) transceiver network was programmed to apply the needed complex weights and phase conjugation at baseband. Moreover, the system shows proof-of-concept by forming sum and difference patterns and also demonstrates self-steering due to an interrogating signal from the far-field. Results show that the digital retrodirective antenna array (RDA) system can achieve a competitive -5-dB monostatic angular scan range of +/- 47 degrees, needs no frequency offset to operate, and, offers a 6% matching impedance bandwidth (BW). These wideband features make the RDA capable of common, or reconfigurable, carrier offsets for the incoming and re-radiated beams, and this has also been experimentally demonstrated. To the best knowledge of the authors, no similar digital IBFD antenna, RDA system has been designed, programmed, and tested.

关键词： Antenna arrays Couplings Transmitting antennas Transceivers Receiving antennas Hardware Full-duplex system Frequency measurement Wideband Reflection coefficient digital array full-duplex (FD) multifunctional antenna system null steering retrodirective array

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Dynamic Range Considerations for Modern digital array Radars

Dynamic Range Considerations for Modern Digital Array Radars

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IEEE International Radar Conference (RADAR)

作者： Peccarelli, Nicholas James, Blake Fulton, Caleb Goodman, Nathan Univ Oklahoma Adv Radar Res Ctr Norman OK 73019 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728168135

Dynamic range (DR) is generally defined as the ratio between the largest and smallest identifiable signals in a radar and is often quoted as a critical metric when referring to the performance of a radar system. However, the definition of DR can vary widely depending on the context;there are a large number of cited DR definitions in the literature, many of which differ only very slightly. In the increasingly crowded wireless spectrum of today's world, a more complete definition of DR, specifically for digital phased arrays, is needed for clarity and consistency. This paper reviews several useful DR definitions and evaluates their overall ability to accurately define radar performance in light of impairments that occur, especially in recently developed digital arrays. Additionally, while digital arrays can experience DR improvements on the order of 10 log(10) (N), where N is the number of transceivers, this improvement has been shown to be limited by the correlation of spurious products. Methods for removing these spurs and decorrelating any remaining nonlinear distortion are briefly mentioned to highlight their effect on the overall system DR. Ultimately, the goal of this paper is to take a system-level approach to evaluating the DR of modern digital array radar systems that leverage recent advancements in digital signal processing techniques.

关键词： dynamic range digital array radar nonlinear equalization spurious products electromagnetic interference

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Techniques for digital array Radar Planar Near-Field Calibration by Retrofit of an Analog System

Techniques for Digital Array Radar Planar Near-Field Calibra...

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IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf)

作者： Williamson, Thomas G. Whelan, Jason Disharoon, Walter Simmons, Paul Houck, Jacob Holman, Brian Alward, Jacob McDonald, Killian Kim, Sean Andreasen, Dinal Faust, Brian Georgia Tech Res Inst Sensors & Electromagnet Applicat Lab Atlanta GA 30332 USA Georgia Tech Res Inst Aerosp Transportat & Adv Syst Lab Atlanta GA 30332 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728176093

digital arrays for radar applications are becoming more common as researchers seek to capitalize on the advantages of digital beamforming, and RF System on Chip (RFSoC) technology matures. Calibrating these digital array radars (DAR) presents new challenges. Primarily, the entire system, from the array face to the digital backend, must be tested as a single unit on these highly integrated designs. Rather than characterizing a system by comparing its analog response to an analog stimulus, engineers must now characterize system performance by comparing a digital response to an analog stimulus. In this paper we will show how a traditional analog planar near-field range (NFR) may be retrofitted to accommodate an RFSoC based DAR operating in the receive mode, address the implementation of controls, discuss clock and timing for DARs in the lab, detail a triggering technique to produce time synchronous data, illustrate post processing techniques for generating far field and hologram plots, and demonstrate the technique with a testbed DAR comprised of a Xilinx RFSoC operating at L-Band.

关键词： digital array digital array Radar digital Beamforming Planar Near-Field RFSoC

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Mitigation of Interferers and Nonlinear Spurious Products for digital array and MIMO Systems

Mitigation of Interferers and Nonlinear Spurious Products fo...

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IEEE-MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS)

作者： Peccarelli, Nicholas Irazoqui, Robin Fulton, Caleb Adv Radar Res Ctr Norman OK 73019 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728113098

Low-cost fully-digital arrays and MIMO systems often make use of low-cost components, limited in linearity. These systems, with the lack of spatial filtering, are particularly sensitive to interferers. A two-layered approach combining analog/front-end and digital/back-end processing to provide effective dynamic range extension at the element level while decorrelating spurious outputs at the array level is proposed, with simulated and measured results being shown.

关键词： MIMO nonlinear equalization spatial filtering digital array 5G

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Design and Experimental Verification of the digital array Calibration 18

Design and Experimental Verification of the Digital Array Ca...

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18th IEEE International Conference on Communication Technology (IEEE ICCT)

作者： Fan, Zhanchun Du, Hailong Shi, Hairan Si, Yang Beijing Inst Spacecraft Syst Engn Dept Elect & Informat Syst Beijing Peoples R China Beijing Engn Res Ctr EMC Beijing Peoples R China Antenna Test Technol Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538676356

In order to correct the amplitude and phase error of the digital array, a calibration method-the virtual REV method is proposed and its engineering realization method is given. In the given method, the virtual rotating-element electric-field vector technique is adopted, which is different from traditional REV method, in order to reduce the time of the channel calibration for the digital array. In this paper, for testing the effectiveness of the virtual REV method on engineering application, we design a C band DBF platform. The results of measurement show that virtual REV method is fairly effective to calibrate the amplitude and phase error for digital array system and the beam pattern is considerably close to ideal beam pattern after calibration.

关键词： digital array virtual REV channel calibration DBF FPGA

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Design of a digital array Signal Processing System with Full array Element

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REMOTE SENSING 2023年第16期15卷 4043-4043页

作者： Xiao, Guoyao Quan, Yinghui Sun, Zongzheng Wen, Bo Liao, Guisheng Xidian Univ Dept Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Xian 710071 Peoples R China Xian Key Lab Adv Remote Sensing Xian 710071 Peoples R China Xidian Univ Key Lab Collaborat Intelligence Syst Minist Educ Xian 710071 Peoples R China Xidian Univ Natl Key Lab Radar Signal Proc Xian 710071 Peoples R China

For the application of a digital array signal processing system with a high sampling rate and large bandwidth, and considering the constraints of limited resources (performance, volume, power consumption, weight, etc.), this paper proposes a design and implementation method of broadband digital array signal processing system based on radio frequency system on a chip. The system focuses on multi-channel synchronization under a high sampling rate and multi-channel amplitude and phase calibration under large bandwidth to form an all-digital, low-power, multi-channel, high-speed, large bandwidth hardware platform suitable for broadband digital array signal processing. Through the implementation of the Multiple-Input Multiple-Output phased-array digital beamforming algorithm, the test conducted verifies that the system has superior signal processing performance of the broadband digital array.

关键词： radio frequency system on chip high sampling rate large bandwidth digital array

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A Compact X-Band Four-Channel SiGe BiCMOS T/R Chipset for digital array Radar Applications

A Compact X-Band Four-Channel SiGe BiCMOS T/R Chipset for Di...

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IEEE-Microwave-Theory-and-Techniques-Society International Microwave Symposium (IMS) / Session on Women in Microwaves (WIM)

作者： Cao, Rui Li, Zhuang Tao, Xiaohui Sang, Lei East China Res Inst Elect Engn Hefei 230031 Anhui Peoples R China Hefei Univ Technol Hefei 230009 Anhui Peoples R China Key Lab Aperture Array & Space Applicat Hefei 230031 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509063604

This paper presents a four-channel transmit/receive (T/R) chipset using 0.18um SiGe technology for X-band phased array applications. Each channel consists of sub-blocks such as low noise amplifier, power amplifier, phase shifter, single-pole double-throw switch and variable gain amplifier. Between 8 and 10GHz, the constructed T/R chipset achieves around 15dB gain for transmit (Tx) chain and 11dB gain for receive(Rx) chain. The output P1dB in Tx mode is >13dBm at 8-10GHz. The RMS attenuation error is better than 3dB and the RMS phase error is better than 6 degree. The chip size is 6 x 8mm(2) including pads which corresponded to 12 mm(2) per channel. The total power dissipation of the chipset is 25mW in Rx mode and 150mW in Tx mode.

关键词： SiGe HBT phased array digital array T/R chipset

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Self-Calibration of the Horus All-digital Phased array using Mutual Coupling

Self-Calibration of the Horus All-Digital Phased Array using...

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IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf)

作者： Herndon, Matthew Schvartzman, David Fulton, Caleb Yeary, Mark Univ Oklahoma Adv Radar Res Ctr ARRC Norman OK 73019 USA Univ Oklahoma Sch Elect & Comp Engn Norman OK 73019 USA Univ Oklahoma Sch Meteorol Norman OK 73019 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350329216;9798350329209

Calibration of digital phased array radars is of crucial importance for future radar surveillance systems, especially for high-accuracy polarimetric measurements needed for weather observations. Mutual coupling calibration (or self-calibration) leverages the coupling between antenna elements to derive alignment weights, and can be applied both at system start-up and in real-time during operations to initialize and maintain radar calibration. An operational implementation of mutual coupling calibration has been developed to calibrate the fully digital Horus radar system, and has now been fielded many times to support a variety of data collection experiments. This paper discusses our implementation and summarizes results from several experiments aimed at assessing calibration quality. Our results confirm the efficacy of the methods through ground-truth experiments at different array scales. It also validates beamforming post-calibration through precise far-field patterns measured from an uncrewed aerial system (UAS) which strongly agree with simulated patterns to within +/- 0.15 dB at boresight. We believe that this is the first demonstration of holistic experiments assessing mutual coupling calibration performance in a large digital array.

关键词： PAR Calibration Mutual Coupling digital array UAS Far-field

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Update on an S-Band All-digital Mobile Phased array Radar

Update on an S-Band All-Digital Mobile Phased Array Radar

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IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf)

作者： Yeary, M. Palmer, R. Fulton, C. Salazar, J. Sigmarsson, H. Univ Oklahoma Adv Radar Res Ctr ARRC 3190 Monitor Ave Norman OK 73019 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728176093

This paper provides an update on an S-band, polarimetric phased array radar designed to operate in the 2.7 - 3.1 GHz frequency band, which is being designed and built at the University of Oklahoma's Advanced Radar Research Center (ARRC). This is radar build 1 of 2 for our group in the S-band. Providing optimum radar flexibility, this phased array radar, known as Horus, is digital at every element and polarization.

关键词： radar digital array MIMO digital beamforming polarimetric

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Abstraction and Acceleration of Tensor Processing for Element-Level digital arrays

Abstraction and Acceleration of Tensor Processing for Elemen...

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IEEE International Symposium on Phased array Systems and Technology (PAST)

作者： Saad-Falcon, Alex Andreasen, Jonathan Kerce, J. Clayton Westafer, Ryan S. Beaudeau, Jonathan P. McKinney, J. Michael Barnes, Christopher F. Georgia Tech Res Inst Atlanta GA 30318 USA Pareto Frontier LLC Westford MA USA Georgia Inst Technol Atlanta GA USA

ISBN: (数字)9781665441667

ISBN: (纸本)9781665441667

This paper describes an abstraction of tensor operations applicable to digital array radars (DARs) which enables adaptive on-array processing to meet changing requirements. An application programming interface (API) is presented that allows multiple algorithms to be realized with the same high-level description, with tunable parameters including array geometry, desired region of reconstruction (RoR), etc. This abstraction facilitates algorithm scaling and reconfiguration while also providing an efficient implementation on available hardware. Results of the abstraction are presented for two different algorithms solving a two-dimensional near-field imaging problem consisting of a single emitter in a scene. Both algorithms are tested on both simulated and measured data for comparison. Additionally, we explored automation tools for field-programmable gate array (FPGA) code development. We have shown that an abstracted FPGA implementation is capable of achieving 3-4 orders of magnitude speedup over traditional computing resources.

关键词： digital array machine learning imaging near-field

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