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A Multi-Layered Scheme for distributed simulations on the Cloud Environment

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CLOUD COMPUTING 2019年第1期7卷 5-18页

作者： Guan, Shichao De Grande, Robson Eduardo Boukerche, Azzedine Univ Ottawa PARADISE Res Lab Sch Informat Technol & Engn Ottawa ON Canada

In order to improve simulation performance and to integrate simulation resources among geographically distributed locations, the concept of distributed simulation is proposed. Several types of distributed simulation standards, such as DIS and HLA, are established to formalize simulations and achieve reusability and interoperability of simulation components. To implement these distributed simulation standards and to manage the underlying system of distributed simulation applications, we employ grid computing and cloud computing technologies. These tackle the details of operation, configuration, and maintenance of simulation platforms in which simulation applications are deployed. However, for modelers who may not be familiar with the management of distributed systems, it is challenging to make a simulation-run-ready environment among different types of computing resources and network environments. In this article, a new multi-layered cloud-based scheme is proposed for enabling modeling and simulation based on different distributed simulation standards. This scheme is designed to ease the management of underlying resources and to achieve rapid elasticity that can provide unlimited computing capability to end users;it considers energy consumption, security, multi-user availability, scalability, and deployment issues. A mechanism for handling diverse network environments is described;by adopting it, idle public resources can be easily configured as additional computing capabilities for the local resource pool. A fast deployment model is built to relieve the migration and installation process of this platform. An energy-saving strategy is utilized to reduce the consumption of computing resources. Security components are implemented to protect sensitive information and block malicious attacks in the cloud. In the experiments, the proposed scheme is compared with its corresponding grid computing platform;the cloud computing platform achieves similar performance, but incorp

关键词： Cloud computing DIS HLA availability energy consumption usability elasticity distributed simulations

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distributed simulations: issues and implementations in a cluster of workstations environment

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COMPUTER SYSTEMS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 1999年第1期14卷 27-37页

作者： Meng, XN Univ Texas Pan Amer Dept Comp Sci Edinburg TX 78539 USA

We investigate in this paper various issues in parallel and distributed simulations in general, and its implementation in cluster of workstation environment in particular. The first part of the paper surveys the filed of parallel and distributed simulations, describes the issues that many researchers have been tackling. The second part of the paper presents the research projects carried out by the author in three areas, state saving in distributed simulations, implementing and performance issues in cluster of workstations, and debugging in distributed simulation environment. Our research found that the memory requirement of state saving can be reduced in certain types of distributed simulations;while decreasing communications among participating processes may reduce the cost of communications, it may result in more rollbacks because the loss of synchronization;debugging distributed programs is difficult, but it can be aided using library functions we developed.

关键词： distributed simulations distributed computing distributed debugging communications

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Enhancing Load Balancing Efficiency Based on Migration Delay for Large-Scale distributed simulations 2015

Enhancing Load Balancing Efficiency Based on Migration Delay...

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19th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications (DS-RT)

作者： Alghamdi, Turki G. De Grande, Robson Eduardo Boukerche, Azzedine Univ Ottawa EECS PARADISE Res Lab Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781467378222

Load management is an essential and important factor for distributed simulations running on shared resources due to load imbalances that can caused considerable performance loss. This feature is essential for High Level Architecture (HLA)-based simulations since the HLA framework does not present the ability to manage resources or help detect load imbalances that could directly cause decrease of performance. A migration-aware dynamic balancing system has been designed for HLA simulations to offer an efficient load-balancing scheme that works in large-scale environments. This system presents some limitations on estimating costs and benefits, so we propose an enhancement to this existing load balancing system, which improves the accuracy of generating federate migrations. The proposed scheme aims to precisely estimate the migration delay and gain by analyzing the load on shared resources, preventing the issuing of migrations costly towards simulation execution time. Upon a performance analysis, the proposed decision-making analysis scheme has shown an improvement on decreasing the number of migrations and consequently decreasing execution time.

关键词： distributed simulations High Level Architecture Load Balancing Performance

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Web-Based distributed simulations Visualization and Control with HLA and Web Services 08

Web-Based Distributed Simulations Visualization and Control ...

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12th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications

作者： Boukerche, A. Iwasaki, F. M. Araujo, R. B. Pizzolato, E. B. Univ Ottawa SITE Paradise Lab Ottawa ON Canada Univ Fed Sao Carlos Dept Comp Sci Sao Carlos SP Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9780769534251

Dynamic Data Driven Application Systems (DDDAS), systems with online simulations models fed with sensorial data from the environment, are increasingly;being used for emergency, management strategic planning. This paper describes an approach to establish the communication and exchange information among the many subsystems composing a DDDAS using the High Level Architecture (HLA) infrastructure's services. We present the LAViE-3D, a framework that generates Web-based simulation front-ends using 3D graphics to manage and control HLA-compliant distributed simulations. The LAViE-3D framework uses open-source software and is designed to make it easier to implement and deploy visualization applications on different platforms with customizable interface for simulations runtime control and management.

关键词： distributed simulations X3D Web services HLA Dynamic Data Driven Application Systems

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Fault-Tolerance in HLA-Based distributed simulations

Fault-Tolerance in HLA-Based Distributed Simulations

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作者： Martin Eklof KTH Royal Institute of Technology

学位级别：博士

Successful integration of simulations within the Network-Based Defence (NBD), specifically use of simulations within Command and Control (C2) environments, enforces a number of requirements. simulations must be reliable and be able to respond in a timely manner. Otherwise the commander will have no confidence in using simulation as a tool. An important aspect of these requirements is the provision of fault-tolerant simulations in which failures are detected and resolved in a consistent manner. Given the distributed nature of many military simulations systems, services for fault-tolerance in distributed simulations are desirable. The main architecture for distributed simulations within the military domain, the High Level Architecture (HLA), does not provide support for development of fault-tolerant simulations. A common approach for fault-tolerance in distributed systems is check-pointing. In this approach, states of the system are persistently stored through-out its operation. In case a failure occurs, the system is restored using a previously saved state. Given the abovementioned shortcomings of the HLA standard this thesis explores development of fault-tolerant mechanisms in the context of the HLA. More specifically, the design, implementation and evaluation of fault-tolerance mechanisms, based on check- pointing, are described and discussed.

关键词： HLA Fault-tolerance distributed simulations Federate Federation

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Measuring Communication Delay for Dynamic Balancing Strategies of distributed Virtual simulations

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT 2011年第11期60卷 3559-3569页

作者： De Grande, Robson Eduardo Boukerche, Azzedine Ramadan, Hussam Mohamed Soliman Univ Ottawa Sch Informat Technol & Engn Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada King Saud Univ Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia King Saud Univ Coll Comp & Informat Sci Riyadh 11543 Saudi Arabia

As an inherent characteristic of any distributed system, the execution and performance of distributed virtual simulations totally rely on underlay communication infrastructure and resources. The performance of such simulations is directly restricted by the communication latencies between interdependent simulation components. The high level architecture (HLA) is a framework designed with the objective of organizing these simulations through management services. However, the framework is unaware of the communication delays caused by the network distances between communicating simulation parts. These delays can result from nonplanned initial deployment or dynamic simulation changes, requiring constant load balancing. Due to the importance of balancing distributed simulations, many approaches have been designed. In order to provide a balancing system aware of the dynamic communication changes, a delay-based redistribution scheme has been designed. The scheme successfully arranges the load, but it lacks precision due to communication delay oscillations. Therefore, extensions are proposed to modify the balancing algorithm in order to avoid unnecessary, mistaken load rearrangements. In the experimental results, the delay-based scheme has been able to reduce the simulation execution time when compared with the distributed balancing scheme, and the proposed extension has been capable of increasing the precision of the balancing.

关键词： distributed simulations high level architecture (HLA) load analysis performance

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Measuring and Analyzing Migration Delay for the Computational Load Balancing of distributed Virtual simulations

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT 2012年第12期61卷 3158-3174页

作者： De Grande, Robson Eduardo Almulla, Mohammed A. Boukerche, Azzedine Univ Ottawa Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada Kuwait Univ Dept Comp Sci Kuwait 13060 Kuwait

distributed virtual simulations can always undergo load imbalances during run-time due to their dependency on underlying shared resources. Such imbalances are commonly generated by external background load, improper deployment of simulation elements, and dynamic oscillations of simulation load. HLA was devised as a simulation framework that simplifies the design and management of distributed simulations. Even though the framework presents services for the coordination of simulations, it does not provide any tool for identifying and reacting to load imbalances. Due to the importance of balancing simulation load, many schemes have been developed, aiming to reduce simulation time through analysis of specific metrics. These schemes are limited to issues from specific simulation applications, or they disregard large-scale environmental characteristics. In order to overcome the drawbacks of previous balancing approaches, a distributed balancing scheme has been designed. Nevertheless, this scheme, as well as the others, is not concerned with migration latencies when redistributing simulation load. Migration delays are directly involved with balancing responsiveness and efficiency, and they can cause simulation performance loss instead of performance improvement if they are not considered in the redistribution analysis. Thus, a migration-aware balancing scheme is proposed to include migration latency analysis in its load redistribution algorithm. Extensions are also proposed to improve the analysis of migration delays by enabling necessary costly migrations in iterative analysis. Experiments have been conducted to evaluate the proposed migration-aware balancing schemes by comparing performance when costly migrations are present in simulations.

关键词： distributed simulations high level architecture (HLA) load analysis performance

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Decreasing Communication Latency through Dynamic Measurement, Analysis, and Partitioning for distributed Virtual simulations

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT 2011年第1期60卷 81-92页

作者： De Grande, Robson Eduardo Boukerche, Azzedine Ramadan, Hussam Mohamed Soliman Univ Ottawa PARADISE Res Lab Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada Univ Ottawa Sch Informat Technol & Engn Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada King Saud Univ Coll Comp & Informat Sci Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia

Communication in distributed simulations is highly relevant due to latencies cumulatively introduced in the execution time of such simulations;these latencies are caused by the transfer of data throughout networks. High-Level Architecture (HLA) is a well-known standard used to organize and keep the consistency of distributed virtual simulations. Nevertheless, although the HLA framework presents solutions to decrease communication overhead for simulations, it does not solve the communication issues that are pertinent to the network distances among federates and the Run-Time Infrastructure (RTI) in large-scale environments. Due to the relevance of load balancing for distributed simulations, many solutions have been proposed, but such approaches just consider communication load partially in their schemes or are limited. To minimize the communication overhead of HLA distributed simulations, a hierarchical dynamic balancing scheme composed of three phases was designed;however, even though the balancing scheme reacts properly to run-time load changes, its load analysis does detect all the imbalances after measuring simulations' communication load. Thus, an extension is proposed to improve the detection of communication imbalances, as well as the redistribution of federates, so the balancing scheme can better react to communication load measurements gathered from each federate. To observe the benefits of the proposed communication balancing scheme and its extension, extensive large-scale experiments were realized. The results show that the scheme reduces considerably the amount of communication overhead, and the extension enables the detection of communication imbalances by modifying the decision-making technique in the balancing system.

关键词： distributed simulations High-Level Architecture (HLA) load Analysis performance

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Modal Analysis of System Partitioning in distributed Real-Time simulations 45

Modal Analysis of System Partitioning in Distributed Real-Ti...

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45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON)

作者： Bogdanovic, Milica Stevic, Marija Monti, Antonello Rhein Westfal TH Aachen E ON Energy Res Ctr Inst Automat Complex Power Syst Aachen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781728148786

Selection of a suitable decoupling point for system partitioning represents one of the challenges in distributed real-time simulation (DRTS) and (distributed) power hardware in the loop (D-PHIL) setups. In case of DRTS, the decoupling point represents the point where system is partitioned between two digital real-time simulators. In D-PHIL setups, the decoupling point is a point where a device under test is connected (coupled) to the rest of the simulated system. This work proposes a methodology based on the analysis of eigenvalues and participation matrix of the monolithic continuous model of the system, which refers to naturally coupled system, to determine the suitable decoupling point for system partitioning with respect to the simulation fidelity. Sampling period and delay between subsystems are considered in the analysis, and decoupling points analysis is influenced by them. The methodology is validated based on time-domain simulations.

关键词： distributed simulations real-time simulations participation factors system partitioning modal analysis eigenvalue analysis

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Sustainability through flexibility: Building complex simulation programs for distributed computing systems

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SIMULATION MODELLING PRACTICE AND THEORY 2015年第Part1期58卷 65-78页

作者： Hofmann, Michael Ruenger, Gudula Tech Univ Chemnitz Dept Comp Sci D-09111 Chemnitz Germany

Complex simulation programs in science and engineering are often built up from a diverse set of existing applications. The large variety of application codes and their high computational demands lead to an increasing utilization of distributed computing systems. Furthermore, the need for developing sustainable simulation programs, especially with regard to ever increasing data sizes, requires a profound flexibility such that application codes and hardware resources can be easily replaced or extended. In this article, we propose a methodology for building complex simulation programs for distributed computing systems. A software library specifically designed to support a client-server-based development of simulation program components is presented. An application example for the simulation and optimization of lightweight structures in mechanical engineering is used to demonstrate the approach. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Scientific computing distributed simulations Data coupling Parallel computing

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