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Authentication mechanisms for IoT system based on distributed MQTT brokers: review and challenges

Procedia Computer Science 2021年 194卷 132-139页

作者： Hassan Kurdi Vijey Thayananthan College of Computer Science and Engineering Taibah University Madinah Saudi Arabia Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia

With the rapid growth of internet connected devices and the tremendous amount of data that could be generated and exchanged in IoT environment, we need to reconsider in the current IoT architecture that based on Cloud computing system, to avoid the issues related to performance and scalability. Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) is one of promising protocol for data exchange in IoT that could encounter such issues because it relies on central broker located in Cloud, and this may lead to increase network congestion, performance overhead or bottleneck. Therefore, we need to leverage Fog computing by developing a distributed architecture for MQTT that contain multiple brokers. In this case, IoT services can be coordinated and managed between Fog computing and Cloud computing. However, this will open new security challenges for several reasons. Firstly, security procedures need to be modified because MQTT that based on distributed architecture require additional multiple brokers and different communication standards that may increase security threats and increase security management complexity. Secondly, MQTT is inherently lacking efficient security features because it performs username/password-based authentication in a plain text, that protected by cryptographic protocol SSL/TSL which is not consider as lightweight protocol for resources constrained devices. This paper will present taxonomy and realization process of IoT authentication scheme. In addition, the paper will discuss challenges of applying authentication mechanisms for IoT systems that based on distributed MQTT brokers.

关键词： MQTT Authentication Internet of things (IoT) Security distributed architecture Fog computing

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Flexible architecture for deployment of edge computing applications

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SIMULATION MODELLING PRACTICE AND THEORY 2022年 114卷

作者： Khakimov, Abdukodir Elgendy, Ibrahim A. Muthanna, Ammar Mokrov, Evgeny Samouylov, Konstantin Maleh, Yassine El-Latif, Ahmed A. Abd RUDN Univ Peoples Friendship Univ Russia Miklukho MaklayaSt 6 Moscow 117198 Russia Harbin Inst Technol Sch Comp Sci & Technol Harbin 150001 Peoples R China Menoufia Univ Fac Comp & Informat Dept Comp Sci Shibin Al Kawm 32511 Egypt Bonch Bruevich St Petersburg State Univ Telecommu Pr Bolshevikov 22 St Petersburg 193232 Russia Russian Acad Sci FRC CSC RAS Fed Res Ctr Comp Sci & Control 44-2 Vavilov St Moscow 119333 Russia Sultan Moulay Slimane Univ ENSAK LaSTI Lab Beni Mellal Morocco Menoufia Univ Fac Sci Dept Math & Comp Sci Al Minufiyah 32511 Egypt

Recently, a great development has occurred in the communication networks, in which the trend of development is towards automation and flexible network structure. In addition, the stages of telecommunication development are conventionally divided from manual switching to flexible virtualized architecture, to which telecommunications operators have resorted. Furthermore, in the context of the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) standards framework, the network function virtualization (NFV) with might and main has been evaluated by telecom operators and shows that the efficiency of the topology can be significantly improved. However, it is difficult to organize ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) and massive machine type communications (mMTC) services within 5G, due to the topology centralization. Moreover, network monitoring, in particular of carrier-class equipment, reveals that there is no ideal static network topology in which the network and its elements have been uniformly loaded over a long service time. Therefore, in this study, a dynamic network topology and service placement is proposed to analyze and predict services, in which Genetic Algorithm (GA) is utilized. In addition, an efficient forecasting and live migration methods of service as an application to edge computing systems are introduced, where this approach can be used in the systems with an intelligent allocation of operator equipment resources for providing flexibility and high quality topological organization. Finally, simulation results proved that the network equipment efficiency can significantly be increased by more than 30%.

关键词： 5G Wireless networks distributed architecture Edge computing Modeling

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Fault-tolerant with load balancing scheduling in a fog-based IoT application

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IET COMMUNICATIONS 2020年第16期14卷 2646-2657页

作者： Sharif, Ahmad Nickray, Mohsen Shahidinejad, Ali Islamic Azad Univ Fac Engn Qom Branch Dept Comp Engn Qom Iran Univ Qom Dept Comp Engn & Informat Technol Qom Iran

Fog computing (FC) with a distributed architecture plays an essential role in Internet-of-Things (IoT). This paradigm utilises the processing abilities of Fog devices (FDs) and decreases latency. The large volume of data and its process in IoT can cause network failures. Researchers tend to consider communication reliability to reduce fault effects and achieve high performance. Fault tolerance becomes a necessary matter to enhance the reliability of the Fog. Notably, fault tolerance studies have been performed mostly on the Cloud system. To counter this issue, the authors propose a novel fault-tolerant scheduling algorithm of modules in FC and optimise it. The main idea of this approach is a classification method for different modules alongside of computing the energy consumption of all FDs and finding minimal FDs' energy consumption. To distribute modules between FDs, they present an energy-efficient checkpointing and load balancing technique based on the Bayesian classification and call it by ECLB. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated by comparing it with the state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of delay, energy consumption, execution cost, network usage, and total executed modules. Analysis and simulation results indicate that the authors' methods are efficient and superior to others.

关键词： fault tolerant computing resource allocation fault tolerance processor scheduling Internet of Things checkpointing cloud computing telecommunication network reliability load balancing scheduling fog-based IoT application Fog computing distributed architecture Internet-of-Things processing abilities Fog devices FDs network failures communication reliability fault effects fault tolerance studies fault-tolerant scheduling algorithm classification method energy consumption method use checkpoint energy-efficient checkpointing load balancing technique total executed modules

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Development of a flexible and interoperable architecture to customize clinical solutions targeting the care of multimorbid patients 22

Development of a flexible and interoperable architecture to ...

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Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Software Development and Technologies for Enhancing Accessibility and Fighting Info-exclusion

作者： Martin Breidenbach Florim Hamiti Aynur Guluzade Naguib Heiba Yehya Mohamad Carlos Velasco Birgit Herbeck Belnap Dagmar Lühmann Digital Health Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Information Technology FIT Germany Deptartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy University of Göttingen Medical Centre Germany and Center for Behavioral Health Media and Technology Division of General Internal Medicine University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine USA Department of General Practice and Primary Care University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450398077

According to the European Union, the European health care sector is still lacking adoption of healthcare standards and interoperable solutions [11] [13]. The EU expects through the exchange of interoperable health data (i) a better access for the European citizens to health services, (ii) increasing patients’ sovereignty and empowerment and (iii) a better service provision through the access to health data for research and innovation, policymaking, and regulatory decisions. To address this challenge, we present in this paper some further developments of our distributed and interoperable e-health framework [47] [23] [42] [34]. We extended the architecture with a streamlined and customized design thinking process to rapidly acquire software requirements and specifications. This paper is designed as a proof-of-concept around the Horizon 2020 research project ESCAPE. User requirements and specifications were gathered using the design thinking process and implemented in the flexible architecture. The result is a comprehensive and customized clinician dashboard which is embedded in the interoperable architecture as a customized clinical solution for care managers in an intervention of multimorbid patients.

关键词： interoperability usability Additional Keywords and Phrases e-health multipurpose interface care registries data space dashboard accessibility distributed architecture collaborative care

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A survey on data provenance in IoT

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WORLD WIDE WEB-INTERNET AND WEB INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2020年第2期23卷 1441-1463页

作者： Hu, Rui Yan, Zheng Ding, Wenxiu Yang, Laurence T. Xidian Univ Sch Cyber Engn State Key Lab ISN Xian 710071 Shaanxi Peoples R China Aalto Univ Dept Commun & Networking Espoo 02150 Finland Francis Xavier Univ Dept Comp Sci Antigonish NS B2G 2W5 Canada

Internet of Things (IoT), as a typical representation of cyberization, enables the interconnection of physical things and the Internet, which provides intelligent and advanced services for industrial production and human lives. However, it also brings new challenges to IoT applications due to heterogeneity, complexity and dynamic nature of IoT. Especially, it is difficult to determine the sources of specified data, which is vulnerable to inserted attacks raised by different parties during data transmission and processing. In order to solve these issues, data provenance is introduced, which records data origins and the history of data generation and processing, thus possible to track the sources and reasons of any problems. Though some related researches have been proposed, the literature still lacks a comprehensive survey on data provenance in IoT. In this paper, we first propose a number of design requirements of data provenance in IoT by analyzing the features of IoT data and applications. Then, we provide a deep-insight review on existing schemes of IoT data provenance and employ the requirements to discuss their pros and cons. Finally, we summarize a number of open issues to direct future research.

关键词： cyberization internet of things distributed architecture intelligent service data provenance

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A distributed Approach to Speaker Count Problem in an Open-Set Scenario by Clustering Pitch Features

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INFORMATION 2021年第4期12卷 157页

作者： Pandey, Sakshi Banerjee, Amit South Asian Univ Dept Comp Sci New Delhi 110021 India

Counting the number of speakers in an audio sample can lead to innovative applications, such as a real-time ranking system. Researchers have studied advanced machine learning approaches for solving the speaker count problem. However, these solutions are not efficient in real-time environments, as it requires pre-processing of a finite set of data samples. Another approach for solving the problem is via unsupervised learning or by using audio processing techniques. The research in this category is limited and does not consider the large-scale open set environment. In this paper, we propose a distributed clustering approach to address the speaker count problem. The separability of the speaker is computed using statistical pitch parameters. The proposed solution uses multiple microphones available in smartphones in a large geographical area to capture and extract statistical pitch features from the audio samples. These features are shared between the nodes to estimate the number of speakers in the neighborhood. One of the major challenges is to reduce the error count that arises due to the proximity of the users and multiple microphones. We evaluate the algorithm's performance using real smartphones in a multi-group arrangement by capturing parallel conversations between the users in both indoor and outdoor scenarios. The average error count distance is 1.667 in a multi-group scenario. The average error count distances in indoor environments are 16% which is better than in the outdoor environment.

关键词： speaker count distributed architecture prosodic parameters statistical parameters node clustering feature clustering

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On the Distribution of Clique-Based Neural Networks for Edge AI

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IEEE JOURNAL ON EMERGING AND SELECTED TOPICS IN CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2020年第4期10卷 469-477页

作者： Larras, Benoit Frappe, Antoine Univ Lille CNRS Cent LilleUMR 8520 IEMN Univ Polytech Hauts de FranceYncrea Hauts de Fra F-59000 Lille France

distributed smart sensors are more and more used in applications such as biomedical or domestic monitoring. However, each sensor broadcasts data wirelessly to the others or to an aggregator, which leads to energy-hungry sensor nodes not ensuring data privacy. To tackle both challenges, this work proposes to distribute the feature extraction and a part of a clique-based neural network (CBNN) in each sensor node. This scheme allows standardizing data at the sensor level, ensuring privacy if the data is intercepted. Besides, a lower number of bits is transmitted, thus limiting the communication overhead. The inherent redundancy of clique-based networks makes them resilient to out-of-range connections, allowing an additional power reduction in the sensor nodes. Compared with a localized CBNN in the aggregator, the distributed structure reduces the inference latency by 28%, the sensor energy consumption by 25% and increases the protocol robustness. The circuit implementation is possible with the use of single-cluster iterative clique-based circuits, and demonstrated for a posture recognition application. To this end, a hardware circuit has been fabricated and performs a classification using 115fJ per synaptic event per neuron in 83ns.

关键词： Neural networks Wireless sensor networks Intelligent sensors Energy consumption Monitoring Feature extraction Neural networks circuit clique-based neural networks analog mixed-signal circuit distributed architecture

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Fault resilient multi-terminal high voltage direct current systems using distributed corrective power dispatch

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2019年第19期13卷 4391-4399页

作者： Mojallal, Aslan Lotfifard, Saeed Azimi, Seyed Mohammad Washington State Univ Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Pullman WA 99164 USA Hamedan Univ Technol Dept Elect Engn Hamadan 65155 Iran

A distributed secondary layer control scheme for multi-terminal high voltage direct current (MTDC) transmission systems is proposed. The proposed control scheme is achieved via solving a multi-objective optimization problem. The objectives are defined such that: (i) the power losses of the system are minimized and (ii) the resiliency of the system in facing large disturbances and faults is enhanced. The second objective prevents the constant power converters to change their intended operating mode to avoid over-voltages. Hence, the proposed scheme enhances the power commitment of such buses despite the occurrence of faults and large disturbances in the system. The proposed secondary controller is implemented in a distributed architecture using optimality condition decomposition. By employing the distributed scheme, the computational burden of the secondary level control is decreased and the autonomy of each zone in the MTDC grid is increased. The CIGRE B4 MTDC test system is employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. PSCAD and MATLAB are used to perform the simulations for the case studies. The simulation results verify that the proposed method enhances the resiliency of the MTDC systems by avoiding undesirable change of operations mode of constant power converters while decreasing losses of the system.

关键词： optimisation power transmission control power generation control load flow control HVDC power convertors HVDC power transmission power convertors power system stability voltage control distributed power generation power grids constant power voltage source converters MTDC systems CIGRE B4 MTDC test system different system operators secondary level control distributed scheme distributed architecture secondary controller power commitment over-voltages intended operating mode constant power converters power losses multiobjective optimisation problem multiterminal high voltage direct current transmission systems distributed secondary layer control scheme corrective power dispatch fault resilient multiterminal high voltage direct current systems

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A Novel Approach for Combining Local Estimates for Fully Decentralized Feedforward Massive MIMO Equalization: The Multistep Fusion 54

A Novel Approach for Combining Local Estimates for Fully Dec...

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54th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers

作者： Seidel, Pascal Karsthof, Ludwig Paul, Steffen Univ Bremen Inst Electrodynam ITEMme Bremen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780738131269

While centralized linear equalization algorithms can achieve a near optimal uplink detection performance for Massive MIMO systems at the base station, the required interconnect and off-chip input/output data rates surpass the bandwidth of existing interconnect standards. The fully decentralized feedforward equalization architecture can alleviate these bottlenecks by performing the signal equalization in decentralized clusters using only local channel state information. As the effectiveness of the decentralized equalization heavily depends on the fusion of the local signal estimates, we present a novel combiner algorithm based on the multistep method that is capable to reduce the performance loss in contrast to the centralized equalization approach.

关键词： Massive MIMO Uplink Equalization distributed architecture Feedforward

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The Technology of Bus Network Communication for Space Environment 15

The Technology of Bus Network Communication for Space Enviro...

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15th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA)

作者： Pei, Shuiqiang Ma, Dongying Hu, Xiaoguang Wang, Hui Li, Zhengtian Beijing Inst Elect Syst Engn Beijing 100039 Peoples R China Beihang Univ State Key Lab Virtual Real Technol & Syst Beijing 100191 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728151694

The space battlefield environment is becoming increasingly complex. Multiple aircrafts often attack the same or different targets in cooperation when performing missions. The information of network interaction between aircrafts will determine the attack power of the whole system. In this paper, the SpaceWire bus with high bandwidth, high reliability, strong openness, good real-time and strong certainty is used as the inter vehicle bus, and a distributed inter aircraft bus network architecture is proposed. Through the modeling and Simulation, this paper analyzes the constraint parameters of bus network transmission under different conditions. It verifies the rationality and reliability of the design, and provides smile reference for the practical application of bus network communication between aircrafts.

关键词： SpaceWire bus distributed architecture inter aircraft bus network modeling and Simulation

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