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Characterizing Interconnects to 325 GHz

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES 2025年第6期73卷 3409-3414页

作者： Jungwirth, Nicholas R. Bosworth, Bryan T. Papac, Meagan C. Hagerstrom, Aaron M. Marksz, Eric J. Cheron, Jerome Bergmann, Florian Stelson, Angela C. Feldman, Ari Williams, Dylan F. Long, Christian J. Orloff, Nathan D. Natl Inst Stand & Technol Boulder CO 80305 USA

We developed an interconnect characterization procedure that first embeds the interconnect into the error boxes of a multiline thru-reflect-line (mTRL) calibration and subsequently de-embeds the interconnect with a multitiered calibration. We experimentally validated our method to 325 GHz with distributed contactless interconnects in the form of broadside coupled coplanar waveguides (CPWs) as a test case. We find excellent agreement between experimental, full-wave simulations, and a distributed model of contactless interconnects. This work provides a general method to accurately characterize interconnects and to translate measurement reference planes beyond interconnect boundaries when one or more interconnect ports are not directly accessible.

关键词： Calibration Integrated circuit interconnections Integrated circuits Transmission line measurements Standards Integrated circuit modeling Coplanar waveguides Power transmission lines Transmission line matrix methods Measurement uncertainty Broadside-coupled coplanar waveguide (CPW) de-embedding distributed circuit model heterogeneous interconnect multiline thru-reflect-line (mTRL) on-wafer calibration

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A distributed Theory for Contactless Interconnects at Terahertz Frequencies

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IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2024年第8期34卷 975-978页

作者： Jungwirth, Nicholas R. Bosworth, Bryan T. Hagerstrom, Aaron M. Papac, Meagan C. Marksz, Eric J. Cheron, Jerome Smith, Kassiopeia Stelson, Angela C. Feldman, Ari Williams, Dylan F. Long, Christian J. Orloff, Nathan D. NIST Boulder CO 80305 USA

We test a multimodal analytical model for distributed contactless interconnects by comparing it to 3-D full-wave simulations. In comparison to 3-D simulations, the model offers insight into how the interconnect works and reduces the computational cost of estimating and optimizing the interconnect's performance. The model predicts the performance of four distributed contactless interconnects and finds good agreement between with 3-D simulations up to 1 THz. All the interconnects have less than 1-dB insertion loss in their first pass bands, highlighting the opportunity offered by contactless interconnects.

关键词： Integrated circuit interconnections Solid modeling Conductors Computational modeling Analytical models Coplanar waveguides Predictive models Analytical model broadside-coupled coplanar waveguide (CPW) bumpless distributed circuit model heterogeneous integration millimeter-wave technology

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High Frequency model of Power Transformer Bushing for Very Fast Transient Studies

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IEEE ACCESS 2023年 11卷 93908-93919页

作者： Messadi, Anes Zouaghi, Ayyoub Ferdjallah-Kherkhachi, Esseddik Vollaire, Christian Richer, Olivier de Oliveira, Luiz Fernando Breard, Arnaud Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Univ Lyon Ecole Cent Lyon INSA LyonAmpereCNRSUMR5005 F-69130 Ecully France Trench France Res & Dev Dept F-68300 St Louis France WEG Equipamentos Eletr SA Res & Dev Dept BR-89256900 Blumenau Brazil

Fast and very fast transient overvoltages generally appear during switching operations within electrical substations. The oscillatory nature of such phenomena with frequencies that can reach several tens of megahertz tends to degrade the lifetime of high voltage equipment such as bushings and transformers, inducing partial discharges activity or breakdown of the insulation system. According to several case studies, bushings are one of the most sensitive parts to such overvoltages, indeed, a failure in a bushing will in most cases lead to a failure of the transformer, often catastrophically. Generating such overvoltages with a very high frequency character and considerable amplitude can be very difficult, moreover, studying the effect of such overvoltages on the insulated bushings is not easy, even experimentally. Therefore, a simulation of the fast transients in the system can be very useful to understand the consequences of such phenomena. In this context, this document aims to propose a model of high voltage capacitive graded oil impregnated paper (OIP) bushing based on a distributed electrical circuit. The equivalent circuit is constructed based on the geometric design and electrical properties of the materials. The model was developed and implemented using Matlab/Simulink (R) Software, and was validated with experimental measurements based on impedance sweep frequency analysis. The modeling results are in a good agreement with the experimental ones.

关键词： Insulators Integrated circuit modeling Impedance Surges Power transformer insulation Frequency measurement Transient analysis distributed computing Voltage control Bushing distributed circuit model high voltage high frequency impedance analysis numerical modeling overvoltage power transformer very fast transient

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Density distribution analysis of near-interface traps in Al2O3/diamond MOS structure

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DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS 2025年 155卷

作者： Zhang, Xueqia Zhang, Xufang Li, Mingkun Zhang, Jing North China Univ Technol Sch Integrated Circuits Beijing Peoples R China

Inversion-type p-channel diamond MOSFETs have been developed and normally-off characteristics have been realized. However, they still suffer from low channel mobility, despite water vapor annealing significantly reducing the interface state density at the Al2O3/diamond MOS interface. We have also observed notable frequency dispersion of capacitance under accumulation conditions, which is mainly attributed to near-interface traps (NITs). In this work, we focused on characterizing NITs in Al2O3/diamond structures at 300 K, 350 K, and 400 K, using a distributed circuit model. Various possible distributions for NITs were considered, including box-shaped, linearly-decaying, exponentially-decaying, and uniform distributions, to fit the capacitance-frequency (C-f) characteristics at these temperatures. Based on error comparisons from the fitting results, the uniform distribution exhibited the smallest fitting errors for C-f. The NIT density and other related parameters were extracted based on the best-fitting results, with possible physical origins discussed. This work lays the groundwork for further passivation of NITs, which is critical for improving device performance.

关键词： Diamond MOS capacitor Near-interface traps distributed circuit model

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An Improved PSO based Methodology to Extract Frequency-Dependent Stray Parameters of High Order Distribute circuit models 20

An Improved PSO based Methodology to Extract Frequency-Depen...

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20th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation (CEFC)

作者： Wang, Ning Yang, Shiyou Zhejiang Univ Coll Elect Engn Hangzhou Peoples R China

ISBN: (数字)9781665468336

ISBN: (纸本)9781665468336

In an advanced electronic and electrical system, the transient process may finish in an extremely small time span. Consequently, the stray parameters of the system play a dominant role in this transient process, and a high order distributed circuit model is more rigorous for simulating the corresponding transient. However, it will be difficult to apply the existing approaches to determine the frequency-dependent model parameters in simulating such a wide frequency band response. To address this issue, an improved Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based methodology to extract frequency-dependent stray parameters of high order distribute circuit models of an advanced electronic and electrical system is proposed and validated by experimental studies.

关键词： distributed circuit model inverse problem parameter extraction particle swarm optimization

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Spatially Resolved Local Ideality Factor by means of Differential Electroluminescence Imaging 48

Spatially Resolved Local Ideality Factor by means of Differe...

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48th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)

作者： Cereceda, Eneko Fano, Vanesa Otaegi, Alona Azkona, Nekane Ruben Gutierrez, Jose Carlos Jimeno, Juan Univ Basque Country UPV EHU Technol Inst Microelect TiM Bilbao 48013 Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781665419222

This work features a method to obtain the spatially resolved distribution of the local ideality factor, nloc, based on variations in terms of the saturation of the recombination current from the difference of injected currents between neighboring points. The methodology to obtain the local ideality factor mapping is applied on the characterization of solar cells fabricated following Al-BSF compatible techniques. Starting from the EL counts distribution, the voltage map is obtained, followed by the horizontal and vertical current distributions up to the obtaining the local ideality factor map.

关键词： EL measurements distributed circuit model injection levels local ideality factor

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Concentrating optical system optimization for 3-and 4-junction solar cells: impact of illumination profiles

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JOURNAL OF PHOTONICS FOR ENERGY 2017年第1期7卷

作者： Sharma, Pratibha Wilkins, Matthew M. Schriemer, Henry P. Hinzer, Karin Univ Ottawa SUNLAB Sch Elect & Comp Engn 25 Templeton St Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada

Optical component designs for concentrating photovoltaic systems with three different multijunction solar cells (MJSCs) are optimized to yield maximum system efficiencies under standard test conditions, specifically uniform illumination. Optimization uses an integrated optoelectrical approach with ray tracing of the optical train to generate an irradiance profile for input to the cell's distributed circuit model. These cells, a three-junction lattice-matched (3JLM) solar cell, a three-junction lattice-mismatched inverted metamorphic (3JIMM) solar cell, and a four-junction lattice-matched (4JLM) solar cell, were individually designed for maximum efficiency at 1000x. The optical train introduces losses, modifies the spectrum, and produces a spatially nonuniform profile across the cell. We decouple spectral modification from spatial nonuniformity to separately determine their individual impacts on system efficiencies, finding the optimal set of optical design parameters for each case. Spectral modification yields modest loss penalties (from 1.0% to 1.6%, relative to the MJSC), but the impact of nonuniformity is more significant and cell dependent, with relative loss penalties of 1.1%, 3.8%, and 2.3%, for 3JLM, 3JIMM, and 4JLM, respectively. While spectral modification does not significantly impact design parameters, spatial nonuniformity does, with absolute losses of 1% and 3.4% if 3JIMM and 4JLM cells are used in a 3JLM optimized system, respectively. (C) 2017 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)

关键词： concentrated photovoltaic distributed circuit model nonuniform illumination four-junction solar cell three-junction solar cell spectral variations

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Analytical modeling of highly tunable giant lateral shift in total reflection of light beams from a graphene containing structure

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OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS 2017年 391卷 68-76页

作者： Farmani, Ali Miri, Mehdi Sheikhi, Mohammad H. Shiraz Univ Sch Elect & Comp Engn Shiraz 71946 Iran

We report a distributed circuit modeling based on analytical study of the tunable enhanced lateral displacement of electromagnetic waves in total reflection of light beams from a graphene containing structure. The graphene containing structure considered here supports transverse magnetic surface modes whose dispersion properties can be controlled by applying an appropriate electrical voltage to the graphene. Using this property of the structure, coupling of the incident wave to the surface modes of the structure is used to enhance the lateral displacement of the totally reflected wave, known as Goos-Hanchen shift, while it is also shown that this large lateral shift can be controlled through adjusting the dispersion properties of the surface modes by applying an electrical voltage. Using the proposed circuit model, phase of the reflected plane wave is calculated to obtain the Goos-Hanchen shift under stationary phase approximation. This approximation is then modified by considering finite spatial width of the incident beam. Our calculations show that by coupling the incident wave to the surface modes of the structure, a giant Goos-Hanchen shift as high as 270 times of the free space wavelength;lambda(0), can be achieved. Furthermore, this large shift can be varied from 27 lambda(0) to 55 lambda(0) by changing the applied voltage from 0.5 V to 3 V. The results presented here can be used in designing graphene plasmonic based integrated optical devices such as optical switches.

关键词： distributed circuit model Graphene Plasmonic surface waves Goos-Hanchen shift Graphene surface conductivity

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Performance Predication of Carbon Nanotube Bundle Dipole Antenna

Performance Predication of Carbon Nanotube Bundle Dipole Ant...

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Asia Pacific Microwave Conference

作者： Huang, Yi Yin, Wen-Yan Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Elect Informat & Elect Engn Ctr Microwave & RF Technol Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424407484

Theoretical studies are carried out for the electromagnetic characteristics of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) bundle dipole antennas based on the distributed circuit model of a single SWCNT, where the cross section of bundles is in circular geometires. The current distribution is predicted with effects of cross-sectional size of bundle, nanotube length, and operating frequency all taken into account. Further, comparative studies are performed to show the geometry- and frequency-dependent radiation resistances of some typical bundle dipole antennas, which are proved to be better than that of single CNT antenna.

关键词： Single-walled carbon nanotube bundle dipole antennas distributed circuit model current distribution antenna efficiency

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Tightly coupled dc SQUIDs with resonance damping

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY 1997年第2期7卷 2538-2541页

作者： Ono, RH Koch, JA Steinbach, A Huber, ME Cromar, MW UNIV COLORADO DENVERCO 80217 SUPERCONDUCTING CORE TECHNOL GOLDENCO 80401

We have reduced the effect of resonances on washer style dc SQUIDs coupled to input flux transformers and analyzed our damping structures using a distributed circuit model, a resistance of 1 Omega is placed across each turn of a 137-turn coil coupled to a planar washer dc SQUID reducing the structure in the voltage-flux curve thus extending the range of current biases over which the device operates, The energy sensitivity of the SQUID is predicted to not be degraded by the intra-coil resistors.

关键词： Coils Coupled mode analysis coupled planar washer DC SQUIDs Coupling circuits current bias damping Degradation distributed circuit model energy sensitivity flux transformer intracoil resistor Resistors Resonance resonance damping RLC circuits SQUIDs superconducting transformers Transformers voltage-flux characteristics

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