Internet and web construct a platform for a distributed knowledge set, where users surf on it to achieve information and get knowledge services. Since the elements of this knowledge set are isolated and mass, it often...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424409709
Internet and web construct a platform for a distributed knowledge set, where users surf on it to achieve information and get knowledge services. Since the elements of this knowledge set are isolated and mass, it often cause users confused and got lost in it, personalized aggregate knowledge services are demanded. Knowledge services have deep relations with human cognition. From the distributed cognition viewpoint, this paper establishes a framework for aggregate knowledge services system, it adopts active design to distribute the system loads and also human cognition loads among the system components to make the system work towards aggregate and personal knowledge services. The main components for system implementation are a knowledge environment and multi-agents.
While, prima facie, virtue/credit approaches in epistemology would appear to be in tension with distributed/extended approaches in cognitive science, Pritchard () has recently argued that the tension here is only appa...
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While, prima facie, virtue/credit approaches in epistemology would appear to be in tension with distributed/extended approaches in cognitive science, Pritchard () has recently argued that the tension here is only apparent, at least given a weak version of distributed cognition, which claims merely that external resources often make critical contributions to the formation of true belief, and a weak virtue theory, which claims merely that, whenever a subject achieves knowledge, his cognitive agency makes a significant contribution to the formation of a true belief. But the significance of the role played by the subject's cognitive agency in distributed cognitive systems is in fact highly variable: at one extreme, formation of a true belief seems clearly to be significantly creditable to the subject's agency;at the other extreme, however, the subject's agency plays such a peripheral role that it is at best unclear whether it should receive significant credit for formation of a true belief. The compatibility of distributed cognition and virtue epistemology thus turns on what it takes for a contribution to the formation of true belief to count as significant. This article argues that the inevitable vagueness of this notion suggests retreating from virtue epistemology to a form of process reliabilism and explores the prospects for a distributed reliabilist epistemology designed to fit smoothly with distributed cognition. In effect, distributed reliabilism radicalizes Goldberg's recent extended reliabilist view (Goldberg ) by allowing the process the reliability of which determines the epistemic status of a subject's belief to extend to include not only processing performed by other subjects but also processing performed by non-human technological resources.
作者：
Lee, SeulkiYeo, JungwonNa, ChongminNYU
Publ Adm New York NY USA Univ Cent Florida
Sch Publ Adm Publ Adm & Emergency Management Orlando FL 32816 USA CUNY
John Jay Coll 524 West 59th St New York NY 10019 USA CUNY
Grad Ctr 524 West 59th St New York NY 10019 USA
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has presented an unprecedented public health crisis across the globe. Governments have developed different approaches to tackle the complex and intractable challenge...
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The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has presented an unprecedented public health crisis across the globe. Governments have developed different approaches to tackle the complex and intractable challenge, showing variations in their effectiveness and results. South Korea has achieved exceptional performance thus far: It has flattened the curve of new infections and brought the outbreak under control without imposing forceful measures such as lockdowns and travel ban. This commentary addresses the South Korean government's response to COVID-19 and highlights distributed cognition and crisis management capabilities as critical factors. The authors discuss how the South Korean government has cultivated distributed cognition and three core capabilities-reflective-improvement, collaborative, and data-analytical capabilities-after its painful experience with 2015 Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV). South Korea's adaptive approaches and its learning path examined in this commentary provide practical implications for managing potential additional waves of COVID-19 and a future public health crisis.
We historically and conceptually situate distributed cognition by drawing attention to important similarities in assumptions and methods with those of American functional psychology as it emerged in contrast and compl...
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We historically and conceptually situate distributed cognition by drawing attention to important similarities in assumptions and methods with those of American functional psychology as it emerged in contrast and complement to controlled laboratory study of the structural components and primitive elements of consciousness. Functional psychology foregrounded the adaptive features of cognitive processes in environments, and adopted as a unit of analysis the overall situation of organism and environment. A methodological implication of this emphasis was, to the extent possible, the study of cognitive and other processes in the natural (real world) contexts in which they occur. We therefore emphasize commonalities and differences between functional psychology and D-Cog. One purpose of the comparison is to consider the extent to which criticisms directed at functional psychology are relevant to D-Cog. We also examine the relation between functional psychology and philosophical pragmatism and conclude that D-Cog's conceptual framework would be strengthened through more explicit adoption of philosophical pragmatism, consistent with the eventual trajectory of functional psychology.
To carry out an ethnographic study on the work process in the sterilization unit of a hospital in Catalonia (Spain), we found the socially distributed cognition approaches of Hutchins and Kirsh useful. However, these ...
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To carry out an ethnographic study on the work process in the sterilization unit of a hospital in Catalonia (Spain), we found the socially distributed cognition approaches of Hutchins and Kirsh useful. However, these approaches lack sufficient explanation on three important issues: (a) the pragmatic criteria for identifying and delimiting a relevant unit of analysis and therefore the setting and contexts of the work process;(b) the mechanisms and results of reciprocal influences between these levels of analysis;and (c) the relation between these levels. Therefore, we added several new elements to these approaches, in addition to Layder's model of contexts with some important modifications, with the aim of offering an interactive, cognitive and social proposal of analysis that clarifies these three issues, allowing a more exhaustive and broader empirical analysis that captures better the social' dimension embedded in the work processes.
A standing dispute in theories of cognition concerns whether cognition unfolds as mental processing of representations or as distributed cognition, as social and non-representational. The disagreement can be seen as a...
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A standing dispute in theories of cognition concerns whether cognition unfolds as mental processing of representations or as distributed cognition, as social and non-representational. The disagreement can be seen as a dispute about the spatial location of knowing: does knowing take place in the mind or brain, or is it situated in social practice? I argue that approaches to distributed cognition overreact when rejecting that cognition is isolated and placed in the mind. Based on Latour's concept "circulating references" I show that shifts in the spatial patterns of knowing appear in a maths classroom. The process of knowing shifts between distributed cognition being dispersed between a number of socio-material phenomena and being placed in the individual pupil mind. Instead of aiming for a theoretical foundation of knowing as located either in the mind or beyond, I suggest on the basis of the practice theoretical analysis presented that where, when and how cognition is located should be kept as an empirical question.
Social accounts of technological change make the flexibility and openness of interpretations the starting point of an argument against technological determinism. They suggest that technological change unfolds in the s...
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Social accounts of technological change make the flexibility and openness of interpretations the starting point of an argument against technological determinism. They suggest that technological change unfolds in the semantic domain, but they focus on the social processes around the interpretations of new technologies, and do not address the conceptual processes of change in interpretations. The dissertation presents an empirically grounded case study of the design process of an open-source online software platform based on the framework of distributed cognition to argue that the cognitive perspective is needed for understanding innovation in software, because it allows us to describe the reflexive and expansive contribution of conceptual processes to new software and the significance of professional epistemic practices in framing the direction of innovation. The framework of distributed cognition brings the social and cognitive perspectives together on account of its understanding of conceptual processes as distributed over time, among people, and between humans and artifacts. The dissertation argues that an evolving open-source software landscape became translated into the open- ended local design space of a new software project in a process of infrastructural implosion, and the design space prompted participants to outline and pursue epistemic strategies of sense-making and learning about the contexts of use. The result was a process of conceptual modeling, which resulted in a conceptually novel user interface. Prototyping professional practices of user-centered design lent directionality to this conceptual process in terms of a focus on individual activities with the user interface. Social approaches to software design under the broad umbrella of human-centered computing have been seeking to inform the design on the basis of empirical contributions about a social context. The analysis has shown that empirical engagement with the contexts of use followed from conc
distributed cognition is a perspective that primarily has been applied to complex socio-technical systems such as flight decks of commercial airliners, or operating rooms where professionals perform cognitive tasks in...
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distributed cognition is comprehensive production about cognition, society, organization of cognitive studies and the other views. distributed cognition stresses the circumstances of cognition, it expands cognition fr...
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distributed cognition is comprehensive production about cognition, society, organization of cognitive studies and the other views. distributed cognition stresses the circumstances of cognition, it expands cognition from individual minds to individual circumstances. Firstly, this paper briefly introduces the definition and basic point of distributed cognition;Secondly, it elaborates the relation of the distributed cognition and individual cognition;Finally, it explains the application of the distributed cognition in the virtual learning community.
The research problem addressed in this thesis is the lack of understanding of dentistry in practice, and the limited amount of work from a HCI-perspective in dental informatics. The aim of this thesis is to gain a dee...
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The research problem addressed in this thesis is the lack of understanding of dentistry in practice, and the limited amount of work from a HCI-perspective in dental informatics. The aim of this thesis is to gain a deeper understanding of the area as a socio-technical domain from a distributed cognition-perspective using workplace studies. Dentistry is a complex socio-technical domain where humans, technology, tools and artifacts together form a system. The ubiquitous presence of computers has made a mark on the dental profession with e. g. record systems and digital x-ray, and the integration of IT-system in the dental field may inform how dentists make decisions for their patients and how they perform their work. The problem is that not much work has been done in the dental informatics field from a HCI-perspective. This thesis applies workplace studies and distributed cognition as an approach to HCI to gain an understanding of dentistry in practice and also draw conclusions how distributed cognition could be applied as a method in HCI. This thesis presents a detailed account of work in dentistry regarding the propagation of information through representational stages and the roles, tasks and artifacts that are present in the complex socio- technical domain of dentistry. The thesis also provide implications for distributed cognition regarding how it could be developed to fit into today‟s complex socio-technical domains both as a method in HCI and as a theoretical framework.
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