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IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF THE COMMUNICATIONS SOCIETY 2020年 1卷 1602-1613页

作者： Adekoya, Oladipupo Aneiba, Adel Patwary, Mohammad Birmingham City Univ Dept Comp Engn & Built Environm Birmingham B5 5JU W Midlands England

Dynamic and Adaptive Load Balancing (DALB) and Controller Adaption and Migration Decision (CAMD) frameworks are the recently developed efficient controller selection frameworks that solved the challenge of load-imbalance in Software-Defined Networking (SDN). While CAMD framework was established to be efficient over DALB framework yet it was not efficient when the incoming-traffic load was elephant flow, hence, leading to a significant reduction in the overall system performance. This study had proposed an Improved Switch Migration Decision Algorithm (ISMDA) that solved the network challenge when the incoming load is elephant flow. The balancing module of the switch migration framework, which runs on each controller, is initiated during the controller load imbalance phase. The improved framework used the controller variance and controller average load status to determine the set of underloaded controllers in the network. The constructed efficient migration model was used to, simultaneously, identify both the migration cost and load-balancing variation for the optimal selection of controller among the set of underloaded controllers. The controller throughput, response time, number of migration space and packet loss were used as the performance comparison metrics. The average controller throughput of ISMDA increased with 7.4% over CAMD framework while average response time of the proposed algorithm improved over CAMD framework with 5.7%. Similarly, the proposed framework had 5.6% average improved migration space over CAMD framework and the packet-loss of ISMDA had average 6.4% performance over the CAMD framework. It was concluded that ISMDA was efficient over CAMD framework when the incoming traffic load is elephant flow.

关键词： SDN load balancing switch migration algorithm distributed controllers

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Verification of Fair controllers for Urban Traffic Manoeuvres at Intersections 3rd

Verification of Fair Controllers for Urban Traffic Manoeuvre...

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3rd World Congress on Formal Methods (FM)

作者： Bischopink, Christopher Schwammberger, Maike Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg Dept Comp Sci Oldenburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783030549930;9783030549947

Autonomous crossing manoeuvres at intersections are especially challenging. In related work, a crossing controller for provably safe autonomous urban traffic manoeuvres was introduced. We extend this controller by a decentralised communication procedure that ensures fair behaviour of the controller and also guarantees bounded liveness. We verify the correctness of our extension by an implementation and analysis with UPPAAL Stratego.

关键词： MLSL Autonomous cars Urban traffic manoeuvres Fairness distributed controllers Timed automata UPPAAL Stratego

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Estimation of Dynamic Laplacian Eigenvalues in Dynamic Consensus Networks

Estimation of Dynamic Laplacian Eigenvalues in Dynamic Conse...

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IEEE International IOT, Electronics and Mechatronics Conference (IEMTRONICS)

作者： Lashhab, Fadel Howard Univ Coll Engn & Architecture Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Washington DC 20059 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728196152

In this paper we generalize recent results on networks with static weights by introducing the idea of dynamic networks with real rational weights. Specifically, we consider networks whose nodes are transfer functions (typically integrators) and whose edges are strictly positive real transfer functions representing dynamical systems that couple the nodes. We show that strictly positive realness of the edges is a sufficient condition for dynamic networks to be stable (i.e., to reach consensus). To study the spectral properties of dynamic networks, we introduce the Dynamic Grounded Laplacian matrix, which is used to estimate lower and upper bounds for the real parts of the smallest and largest non-zero eigenvalues of the dynamic Laplacian matrix. These bounds can be used to obtain stability conditions using the Nyquist graphical stability test for undirected dynamic networks controlled using distributed controllers. Numerical simulations are provided to verify the effectiveness of the results.

关键词： Dynamic graphs dynamic consensus networks dynamic Laplacian grounded dynamic Laplacian hounds for the eigenvalues of the dynamic Laplacian matrix Nyquist graphical stability test distributed controllers

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Validation of distributed SDN Control Plane Under Uncertain Failures

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IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORKING 2019年第3期27卷 1234-1247页

作者： Xie, Junjie Guo, Deke Qian, Chen Liu, Lei Ren, Bangbang Chen, Honghui Natl Univ Def Technol Sci & Technol Lab Informat Syst Engn Changsha 410073 Hunan Peoples R China Tianjin Univ Coll Intelligence & Comp Tianjin 300350 Peoples R China Univ Calif Santa Cruz Dept Comp Sci & Engn Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA Shandong Univ Sch Software Jinan 250101 Shandong Peoples R China

The design of distributed control plane is an essential part of SDN. While there is an urgent need for verifying the control plane, little, however, is known about how to validate that the control plane offers assurable performance, especially across various failures. Such validation is hard due to two fundamental challenges. First, the number of potential failure scenarios could be exponential or even non-enumerable. Second, it is still an open problem to model the performance change when the control plane employs different failure recovery strategies. In this paper, we first characterize the validation of the distributed control plane as a robust optimization problem and further propose a robust validation framework to verify whether a control plane provides assurable performance across various failure scenarios and multiple failure recovery strategies. Then, we prove that identifying an optimal recovery strategy is NP-hard after developing an optimization model of failure recovery. Accordingly, we design two efficient failure recovery strategies, which can well approximate the optimal strategy and further exhibit good performance against potential failures. Furthermore, we design the capacity augmentation scheme when the control plane fails to accommodate the worst failure scenario even with the optimal failure recovery strategy. We have conducted extensive evaluations based on an SDN test bed and large-scale simulations over real network topologies. The evaluation results show the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed validation framework.

关键词： Robust validation distributed controllers uncertain failures software-defined networking

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Dynamic Switch Migration in distributed Software-Defined Networks to Achieve Controller Load Balance

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IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS 2019年第3期37卷 515-529页

作者： Xu, Yang Cello, Marco Wang, I-Chih Walid, Anwar Wilfong, Gordon Wen, Charles H. -P. Marchese, Mario Chao, H. Jonathan NYU Dept Elect & Comp Engn New York NY 11201 USA Rulex Inc I-16122 Genoa Italy Natl Chiao Tung Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan Nokia Bell Labs Murray Hill NJ 07974 USA Univ Genoa Dept Naval Elect Elect & Telecommun Engn I-16126 Genoa Italy

Multiple distributed controllers have been used in software-defined networks (SDNs) to improve scalability and reliability, where each controller manages one static partition of the network. In this paper, we show that dynamic mapping between switches and controllers can improve efficiency in managing traffic load variations. In particular, we propose balanced controller (BalCon) and BalConPlus, two SDN switch migration schemes to achieve load balance among SDN controllers with small migration cost. BalCon is suitable for the scenarios where the network does not require a serial processing of switch requests. For other scenarios, BalConPlus is more suitable, as it is immune to the switch migration blackout and does not cause any service disruption. Simulations demonstrate that BalCon and BalConPlus significantly reduce the load imbalance among SDN controllers by migrating only a small number of switches with low computation overhead. We also build a prototype testbed based on the open-source SDN framework RYU to verify the practicality and effectiveness of BalCon and BalConPlus. Experiment confirms the results of the simulations. It also shows that BalConPlus is immune to switch migration blackout, an adverse effect in the baseline BalCon.

关键词： Software-defined networking distributed controllers load balancing switch migration

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Traffic-aware Dynamic Controller Placement using AI techniques in SDN-based aeronautical networks 38

Traffic-aware Dynamic Controller Placement using AI techniqu...

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IEEE/AIAA 38th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)

作者： Luong, Doanh Kim Hu, Yim-Fun Li, Jian-Ping Benamrane, Fouad Ali, Muhammad Abdo, Kanaan Univ Bradford Fac Engn & Informat Bradford W Yorkshire England Altys Technol CNS Dept 7 Av Parmentier Toulouse France

ISBN: (纸本)9781728106496

In software-defined networks (SDNs), multiple distributed controllers have been used to improve flexibility, scalability and reliability, where the controller placement remained fixed over time. However, the mobility of aircrafts complicates Aeronautical Telecommunication Network (ATN) operations;aircraft mobility results in time-varying and non-uniform geographical aircraft distribution. Given the dynamics of traffic patterns in the ATN network, a fixed solution of the Controller Placement Problem (CPP) will not be accurate. In this paper, we show that dynamic controller placement and dynamic switch-to-controller assignment can improve system elasticity and efficiency in managing traffic load variations. Toward this end, the traffic-aware controller placement (TACP) problem has been formulated as an Integer Linear Program (ILP) to achieve optimal load balancing between controllers. An optimal enumeration based algorithm called Dynamic Placement Fastest Assignment (DPFA) is proposed. Further, an Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithm called Genetic Algorithm based Dynamic Placement Dynamic Assignment (GA-DPDA) is developed to achieve the near-optimal load balancing performance. Simulations demonstrate that DPFA and GA-DPDA significantly reduce the load imbalance among SDN controllers.

关键词： Software-defined networking load balancing distributed controllers aeronautical network

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Service-aware adaptive link load balancing mechanism for Software-Defined Networking

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FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ESCIENCE 2018年 81卷 452-464页

作者： Shang, Fengjun Mao, Lin Gong, Wenjuan Chongqing Univ Posts & Telecommun Coll Comp Sci & Technol Chongqing 400065 Peoples R China

A Service-Oriented Load Balancing Mechanism for Software-Defined Networking is proposed to resolve the problems of network load imbalance and the scalability in control plane. The main research works includes: Firstly, a load balancing model is proposed for distributed controllers. In the model, the flow requests information among the switches is used as the basic unit of the controller, all controllers publish respective the total of the flow-requests periodically and flow-requests deviation mean is introduced to aware load status for controllers. On this basis, a load balancing algorithm is proposed based on load-aware. This algorithm uses flow-requests information allocation strategy, taking into account the current load and propagation delay of idle controllers and allocating partial the flow-request information of the overload controller to the idle controller with the minimum of flow-requests deviation and propagation delay. In order to avoid inconsistency of the network status caused by performing load balancing algorithm at the same, each controller maintains a flow-request deviation the mean table and the overload controller performs the load balancing algorithm based on the magnitude of the value in the table. Secondly, service-aware adaptive link load balancing mechanism is designed which can aware the service types using the northbound interface and monitor the state of the network periodically. Adaptive link load balancing algorithm is proposed and the link weight is introduced based on QoS-aware, which measures the comprehensive quality of link through acquiring real-time QoS parameters. So the mechanism can select the path of the best link quality in the current to forward data, reduce the imbalance of the load distribution in the network. Meanwhile for different service types, dynamic QoS routing optimization strategy is proposed further. It adopts the Lagrange relaxation technique to compute a path which meets the QoS constraint. Experimental result

关键词： SDN distributed controllers Load-aware Load balancing Service-aware

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On reliability improvement of Software-Defined Networks

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COMPUTER NETWORKS 2018年 133卷 195-211页

作者： Moazzeni, Shadi Khayyambashi, Mohammad Reza Movahhedinia, Naser Callegati, Franco Univ Isfahan Fac Comp Engn Dept Comp Architecture Esfahan Iran Univ Bologna Dept Comp Sci & Engn Via Venezia 52 I-47521 Cesena FC Italy

In Software-Defined Networks (SDNs) the role of the centralized controller is crucial, and thus it becomes a single point of failure. In this work, a distributed controller architecture is explored as a possible solution to improve fault tolerance. A network partitioning strategy, with small subnetworks, each with its own Master controller, is combined with the use of Slave controllers for recovery aims. A novel formula is proposed to calculate the reliability rate of each subnetwork, based on the load and considering the number and degree of the nodes as well as the loss rate of the links. The reliability rates are shared among the controllers through a newly-designed East/West bound interface, to select the coordinator for the whole network. This proposed method is called "Reliable distributed SDN (RDSDN)." In RDSDN, the failure of controllers is detected by the coordinator that may undertake a fast recovery scheme to replace them. The numerical results prove performance improvement achievable with the adoption of the RDSDN and show that this approach performs better regarding failure recovery compared to methods used in related research. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Software-Defined Networks distributed controllers Reliability Failure detection Fast failure recovery Coordinator controller

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Hierarchal Application of Receding Horizon Synthesis and Dynamic Allocation for UAVs Fighting Fires

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IEEE ACCESS 2018年 6卷 78868-78880页

作者： Shaffer, Joshua A. Carrillo, Estefany Xu, Huan Univ Maryland Dept Aerosp Engn College Pk MD 20742 USA

This paper explores the design of a high-level mission planner and controller for managing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) fighting a wildfire through the utilization of reactive synthesis and dynamic allocation of the UAVs as resources for the fire. The contribution of this paper is a study on the hierarchal integration of reactive synthesis, used for assuring desired system design traits, and dynamic allocation, used for making heuristic-based decisions. Reactive synthesis provides a formal means of guaranteeing the UAVs' transition to areas of fire, refill of water, and land as defined by the linear temporal logic specifications. Dynamic allocation coordinates the behavior of multiple UAVs through assignments to regions of fire based on a cost function that takes into consideration the fire locations relative to a UAV, distance to the domain edge, wind speed and direction, and the amount of suppressant already present. The use of receding horizons in the reactive synthesis formulation incorporates horizons defined only through spatial distance from a goal. Modifications to these horizon definitions guarantee that the scenario still maintains the overall realizability of the formal specifications after the inclusion of static obstacles. This paper shows the effectiveness of multiple UAV fleets in slowing down the progression of fires from reaching the domain edge through six fire scenarios. At last, our results and successful application demonstrate the utilization of reactive synthesis in larger task spaces and the implications of abstracting UAV transitions for use in formal methods.

关键词： Reactive synthesis receding horizon temporal motion planning distributed controllers unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) aerial fire suppression

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SDN Multi-controller Networks with Load Balanced 18

SDN Multi-controller Networks with Load Balanced

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2nd International Conference on Future Networks and distributed Systems (ICFNDS)

作者： Muthanna, Ammar Ateya, Abdelhamied A. Makolkina, Maria Vybornova, Anastasia Markova, Ekaterina Gogol, Alexander Koucheryavy, Andrey Bonch Bruevich State Univ Telecommun 22 ProspektBolshevikov St Petersburg Russia Peoples Friendship Univ Russia RUDN Univ 6 Miklukho Maklaya St Moscow 117198 Russia Zagazig Univ Elect & Commun Engn Zagazig Egypt

ISBN: (纸本)9781450364287

Software defined networking (SDN) is a recent paradigm, providing various advantages over the traditional networks. This makes the SDN one of the key solutions for the fifth generation (5G) cellular system. Employing single centralized controller for the SDN networks introduces many problems concerning scalability, reliability and other system-related performance, especially for large scale networks. A single controller represents the bottleneck problem. Thus, employing distributed controllers will serve as a vital solution. The recent trend in the SDN networks is the deployment of distributed controllers;however, there are some issues related to this structure. The main problem with the distributed controllers is how to balance the load among these controllers. In this work, we will provide a dynamic clustering algorithm to balance the load among the distributed controllers in the SDN network. The system employs two levels of controllers;that is, distributed controllers and a master controller. A master controller manages and performs the clustering of the distributed controllers. The decision of clusters' reconstruction lies in the master controller's responsibility, based on the workload of the distributed controllers. The simulation results prove that the proposed algorithm is more efficient in balancing load among controllers, as compared to the existing static clustering techniques.

关键词： SDN distributed controllers Clustering Load balancing 5G

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