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IEEE European Technology and Engineering Management Summit (E-TEMS)

作者： Mallak, Ahlam Weber, Christian Fathi, Madjid Holland, Alexander Univ Siegen Inst Knowledge Based Syst & Knowledge Management Siegen Germany FOM Univ Appl Sci Dortmund Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781538637210

Active diagnosis is the retrieval and analysis of the diagnostic information at runtime. In order to enhance the system ability for detecting faults, isolating them, and deciding the most suitable recovery action during the shortest possible completion period at runtime. Thus, it is necessary to build a precise and appropriate knowledge-based model that is able to serve the diagnosis and the fixing tasks efficiently and accurately. This paper presents an approach for an active ontology-based automotive diagnostic and repair for distributed embedded systems. This approach helps in creating better understanding and realization of the knowledge-based diagnostic concepts in automotive systems, as well as the integration of these concepts with distributed embedded systems, to achieve better diagnosis and repair for actual automotive systems at runtime when deployed in the future.

关键词： Active diagnosis Automotive Ontology distributed embedded systems

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Communication model exploration for distributed embedded systems and system level interpretations

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IFIP International Conference embedded and Ubiquitous Computing

作者： Kinoshima, Takashi Kobayashi, Kazutaka Zakaria, Nurul Azma Kimura, Masahiro Matsumoto, Noriko Yoshida, Norihiko Saitama Univ Div Math Elect & Informat Saitama City Saitama 3388570 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9783540770893

This paper presents how communication exploration can be done in a design process of distributed embedded systems. distributed embedded systems involve various communication categories such as event-triggered and time-triggered communication. Therefore, communication exploration is as important as architecture exploration. A design process begins from abstract specification without assuming any communication category, then explores the categories in a stepwise manner, and is followed by physical implementation synthesis. This paper includes system level interpretation of the communication models using the SpecC language so as to verify them.

关键词： distributed embedded systems event-triggered communication time-triggered communication stepwise refinement design model-driven architecture

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End-to-end Timing Analysis of Black-box Models in Legacy Vehicular distributed embedded systems 21

End-to-end Timing Analysis of Black-box Models in Legacy Veh...

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21st IEEE International Conference on embedded and Real-Time Computing systems and Applications (RTCSA)

作者： Mubeen, Saad Sjodin, Mikael Nolte, Thomas Lundback, John Galnander, Mattias Lundback, Kurt-Lennart Malardalen Univ Malardalen Real Time Res Ctr MRTC Vasteras Sweden Arcticus Syst AB Jarfalla Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9781467378550

A majority of existing techniques and tools, used in the vehicular industry, support the extraction of end-to-end timing models. Such models are used to perform timing analysis of distributed embedded systems at an abstraction level that is close to their implementation. This paper takes a first initiative to provide such a support at a higher level of abstraction. At such a level, the system can be modeled with inter-connected blackbox models of nodes whose internal software architectures may not be available. However, most of the design decisions about network communication are available. This represents a typical scenario in the vehicular industry where most of the artifacts are reused from either legacy systems, other projects or previous releases of the vehicle. In this paper we present an approach for the extraction of end-to-end timing models at the highest level of abstraction used in the vehicular domain. Using these models, end-to-end path delay analysis of the systems can be performed at a higher abstraction level and at an early phase during the development. As a proof of concept we implement this technique in an industrial tool suite, Rubus-ICE, that is used for the development of these systems by several international companies. Using the extended tool, we conduct a vehicularapplication case study.

关键词： End-to-end timing analysis distributed embedded systems model- and based development vehicular embedded software embedded systems level of abstraction end-to-end time series analysis Abstraction BLACK-BOX Legacy systems

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A Framework with Proactive Nodes for Scheduling and Optimizing distributed embedded systems

A Framework with Proactive Nodes for Scheduling and Optimizi...

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16th EUNICE/IFIP WG 6.6 Workshop (EUNICE 2010)

作者： Noguero, Adrian Calvo, Isidro European Software Inst Parque Tecnol Zamudio 204 Zamudio 48170 Spain Univ Basque Country DISA Victoria Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9783642139703

A new generation of distributed embedded systems (DES) is coming up in which several heterogeneous networked devices execute distributed applications. Such heterogeneity may apply to size, physical boundaries as well as functional and non-functional requirements. Typically, these systems are immersed in changing environments that produce dynamic requirements to which they must adapt. In this scenario, many complex issues that must be solved arise, such as remote task preemptions, keeping task precedence dependencies, etc. This paper presents a framework aimed at DES in which a central node, the Global Scheduler (GS), orchestrates the execution of all tasks in a DES. The distributed nodes take a proactive role by notifying the GS when they are capable of executing new tasks. The proposed approach requires from the underlying technology support for task migrations and local preemption at the distributed nodes level.

关键词： distributed embedded systems Framework Reconfigurable Architectures Middleware

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Cloud data security for distributed embedded systems using machine learning and cryptography

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International Journal of Information Technology (Singapore) 2024年 1-12页

作者： Bashir, Sadaf Ayub, Zahrah Banday, M. Tariq Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Technology University of Kashmir Srinagar India

In the growing demand for distributed embedded systems that efficiently execute complex processes and high-end applications, safeguarding sensitive data is imperative. The landscape of security threats, cyber-attacks, and associated challenges has reached unprecedented sophistication and magnitude. Whether you are an individual, an organization, or a company invested in distributed embedded systems, your paramount concern revolves around protecting invaluable data. In this digital age, data security is genuinely where the wealth resides. This paper introduces a novel framework for securing the sensitive data of distributed embedded systems. The framework comprises five stages, each contributing to an efficient and robust data security approach. Additionally, this work proposes developing an efficient Multiple Attack Detection model using a supervised machine-learning system. The targeted cyber-attacks include phishing, malware, distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS), and DNS over HTTPS attacks. Each targeted cyber-attack is trained on eight supervised machine learning classifiers. The classifier exhibiting the best overall performance in evaluation metrics (accuracy, recall, precision, and F1-score) is integrated into the proposed Multiple Attack Detection model. Furthermore, this paper explores deploying a machine learning-based Multiple Attack Detection model to a cloud environment using Streamlit Cloud. © Bharati Vidyapeeth's Institute of Computer Applications and Management 2024.

关键词： Cloud deployment Cloud storage Cyber-attacks distributed embedded systems Hybrid encryption- decryption Machine learning

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EmbedCloud - Design and Implementation Method of distributed embedded systems 6

EmbedCloud - Design and Implementation Method of Distributed...

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6th IFIPWG 5.5/SOCOLNET Advanced Doctoral Conference on Computing, Electrical and Industrial systems (DoCEIS)

作者： Krzywicki, Kazimierz Adamski, Marian Andrzejewski, Grzegorz Univ Zielona Gora Dept Elect Engn Comp Sci & Telecommun Ul Licealna 9 PL-65417 Zielona Gora Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9783319167664;9783319167657

This paper presents a novel design and implementation methodology of the distributed embedded systems, called EmbedCloud. It defines structured implementation model for each module in the system. EmbedCloud forms the basis for the automatic code generation algorithm of the distributed embedded systems which accelerates and simplifies synthesis process of such systems. The EmbedCloud utilizes CloudBus protocol demonstrated in previous publications, which provides a process synchronization and control mechanism for a number of processing units distributed in a network. The CloudBus protocol allows to significant savings in the amount of transmitted data between end modules in the distributed embedded system, especially when compared with the other protocols used in the industry. To verify and evaluate the performance of the EmbedCloud, a concurrent process was described using Petri nets. Hardware tests and synthesis verification of the distributed embedded system was performed on the testing platform built with AVR, ATmega series microcontrollers. The tests confirmed the correctness of the developed source code and EmbedCloud method. Furthermore, resource requirements and reaction time analysis were performed.

关键词： distributed embedded systems embedded system design Hardware synthesis Process control EmbedCloud method CloudBus protocol

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CloudBus Protocol Hardware Multi-Converter Gateway for distributed embedded systems 24

CloudBus Protocol Hardware Multi-Converter Gateway for Distr...

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24th International Conference Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and systems (MIXDES)

作者： Krzywicki, Kazimierz Barkalov, Alexander Andrzejewski, Grzegorz Titarenko, Larysa Kolopienczyk, Malgorzata Univ Zielona Gora Fac Comp Elect & Control Engn Inst Metrol Elect & Comp Sci Ul Licealna 9 PL-65417 Zielona Gora Poland Univ Zielona Gora Fac Comp Elect & Control Engn Inst Control & Computat Engn Ul Licealna 9 PL-65417 Zielona Gora Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9788363578121

The CloudBus protocol is one of the methods which is used for data exchange and concurrent process synchronization in the distributed embedded systems. It realizes decentralized (distributed) control method, where each node is equal to each other. This communication model allows the significant savings in the amount of transmitted data between end modules. However, there are many distributed embedded systems, which are already implemented and working in the field. Switching the entire communication interface to the another protocol would result in high costs and process control interruption. This paper proposes a hardware converter which provides the integration of the CloudBus protocol with most popular protocols used in the industry. It allows for the extension and connection of the existing systems with the distributed embedded systems based on the CloudBus protocol. The research results provide performance and resource usage analysis for different converter architectures. The verification was performed on the SoC research and development platform for distributed embedded systems, which is based on Xilinx Zynq-7000.

关键词： CloudBus protocol hardware converter CloudBus gateway distributed embedded systems industrial protocols

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DESC: A hardware-software codesign methodology for distributed embedded systems

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION AND systems 2001年第3期E84D卷 326-339页

作者： Lee, TY Hsiung, PA Chen, SJ Natl Taiwan Univ Dept Elect Engn Taipei 10764 Taiwan Natl Chung Cheng Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn Chiayi Taiwan

The hardware-software codesign of distributed embedded systems is a more challenging task, because each phase of codesign, such as copartitioning, cosynthesis, cosimulation, and coverification must consider the physical restrictions imposed by the distributed characteristics of such systems. distributed systems often contain several similar parts for which design reuse techniques can be applied. Object-oriented (OO) codesign approach, which allows physical restriction and object design reuse, is adopted in our newly proposed distributed embedded System Codesign (DESC) methodology. DESC methodology uses three types of models: Object Modeling Technique (OMT) models for system description and input, Linear Hybrid Automata (LHA) models for internal modeling and verification, and SES/workbench simulation models for performance evaluation. A two-level partitioning algorithm is proposed specifically for distributed systems. Software is synthesized by task scheduling and hardware is synthesized by system-level and object-oriented techniques. Design alternatives for synthesized hardware-software systems are then checked for design feasibility through rapid prototyping using hardware-software emulators. Through a case study on a Vehicle Parking Management System (VPMS), we depict each design phase of the DESC methodology to show benefits of OO codesign and the necessity of a two-level partitioning algorithm.

关键词： distributed embedded systems emulation two-level partitioning object-oriented codesign software scheduling

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Speeding Task Allocation Search for Reconfigurations in Adaptive distributed embedded systems Using Deep Reinforcement Learning

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SENSORS 2023年第1期23卷 548-548页

作者： Rotaeche, Ramon Ballesteros, Alberto Proenza, Julian Univ Illes Balears Dept Matematiques & Informat Palma De Mallorca 07122 Spain

A Critical Adaptive distributed embedded System (CADES) is a group of interconnected nodes that must carry out a set of tasks to achieve a common goal, while fulfilling several requirements associated with their critical (e.g., hard real-time requirements) and adaptive nature. In these systems, a key challenge is to solve, in a timely manner, the combinatorial optimization problem involved in finding the best way to allocate the tasks to the available nodes (i.e., the task allocation) taking into account aspects such as the computational costs of the tasks and the computational capacity of the nodes. This problem is not trivial and there is no known polynomial time algorithm to find the optimal solution. Several studies have proposed Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) approaches to solve combinatorial optimization problems and, in this work, we explore the application of such approaches to the task allocation problem in CADESs. We first discuss the potential advantages of using a DRL-based approach over several heuristic-based approaches to allocate tasks in CADESs and we then demonstrate how a DRL-based approach can achieve similar results for the best performing heuristic in terms of optimality of the allocation, while requiring less time to generate such allocation.

关键词： Deep Reinforcement Learning distributed embedded systems combinatorial optimization Machine Learning

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Hardware-software timing coverification of distributed embedded systems

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION AND systems 2000年第9期E83D卷 1731-1740页

作者： Fu, JM Lee, TY Hsiung, PA Chen, SJ Natl Taiwan Univ Dept Elect Engn Taipei 10764 Taiwan Acad Sinica Inst Informat Sci Taipei 115 Taiwan

Most of current codesign tools or methodologies only support validation in the form of cosimulation and testing of design alternatives. The results of hardware-software codesign of a distributed system are often not verified, because they are not easily verifiable. In this paper, we propose a new formal coverification approach based on linear hybrid automata, and an algorithm for automatically converting codesign results to the linear hybrid automata framework. Our coverification approach allows automatic verification of real-time constraints such as hard deadlines. Another advantage is that the proposed approach is suitable for verifying distributed systems with arbitrary communication patterns and system architecture. The feasibility of our approach is demonstrated through several application examples. The proposed approach has also been successfully used in verifying deadline violations when there are inter-task communications between tasks with different period lengths.

关键词： hardware-software codesign distributed embedded systems linear hybrid automata coverification hard deadline

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