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A distributed generation control Architecture for Islanded AC Microgrids

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON control SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY 2015年第5期23卷 1717-1735页

作者： Cady, Stanton T. Dominguez-Garcia, Alejandro D. Hadjicostis, Christoforos N. Univ Illinois Dept Elect & Comp Engn Champaign IL 61820 USA Univ Cyprus Dept Elect & Comp Engn CY-1678 Nicosia Cyprus

In this paper, we propose a distributed architecture for generation control in islanded ac microgrids with both synchronous generators and inverter-interfaced power supplies. Although they are smaller and have lower ratings, the generation control objectives for an islanded microgrid are similar to those in large power systems, e.g., bulk power transmission networks;specifically, without violating limits on generator power output, frequency must be regulated and generation costs should be minimized. However, in large power systems, the implementation of the generation control functions is centralized, i.e., there is a computer that resides in a centralized location, e.g., a control center, with measurements and control signals telemetered between the generating units and the centrally located computer. The architecture for generation control that we propose in this paper does not rely on such a centrally located computer. Instead, the implementation of the control functions is distributed and relies on iterative algorithms that combine local measurements and certain information acquired from neighboring generating units with local, low-complexity computations. We provide analytical and experimental results that verify the effectiveness of the proposed architecture for generation control in islanded microgrids, and illustrate the performance of the aforementioned distributed algorithms under a variety of scenarios.

关键词： distributed frequency regulation distributed generation control distributed optimal dispatch linear iterative algorithms microgrid operation and control

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Quantum-inspired distributed policy-value optimization learning with advanced environmental forecasting for real-time generation control in novel power systems

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ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 2024年 129卷

作者： Yin, Linfei Cao, Xinghui Guangxi Univ Guangxi Key Lab Power Syst Optimizat & Energy Tech Nanning 530004 Guangxi Peoples R China

With the increasing weight of wind and photovoltaic power (WPP) in grids, the uncertainty of WPP has an increasing impact on power systems. The access to WPP raises the difficulty of controlling the grid frequency. The existing automatic generation controllers have difficulty in reducing the impact of a high proportion of WPP integration on grid frequency, difficulty in autonomously adjusting power balance in different areas of distributed novel power systems, and slow system operation speed. To address instability, weak adaptability, and slow processing rate caused by large-scale WPP access to novel power systems, this study proposes the quantuminspired distributed policy-value optimization learning methods for power generation control in distributed systems and adopts the advanced environmental forecasting method into the multi-temporal distance forecasting-distributed Grover policy-value optimization (MF-DGPVO) methods. In this study, the MF-DGPVO methods combine quantum thought with the training process of value optimization and policy optimization to reduce data operations and improve network operation speed. In this study, the MF-DGPVO methods are simulated in the two- and four-area novel power grids. Compared to proportional-integral-derivative, Q learning (QL), state-action-reward-state-action (SARSA), sliding mode control, and fuzzy logic control, the MF-DGPVO methods are more than 30% smaller in frequency deviations and more than 50% smaller in control errors. Besides, the proposed MF-DGPVO approaches obtain greater flexibility than QL and SARSA.

关键词： Policy-value optimization Quantum thought Multi-temporal distance forecasting Weather information distributed generation control

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A distributed generation Manager with support for distributed Network Operator Commands 21

A Distributed Generation Manager with support for Distribute...

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IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)

作者： Santos, Lael N. Sousa, Gabriel G. Salvatti, Gabriel A. Carati, Emerson G. da Costa, Jean P. Cardoso, Rafael Stein, Carlos M. O. Nadal, Zeno L. I. PPGEE Programa Posgrad Engn Elect Pato Branco Brazil UTFPR Univ Tecnol Fed Parana Pato Branco Brazil Copel Distribuicao SA Curitiba Parana Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9781728157542

ISBN: (纸本)9781728157542

The distributed generation management (DGM) is becoming mandatory to allow the distributed network operator (DNO) deal with several issues in the grid with distributed generation units. In this work a solution is proposed for the management of multiple photovoltaic inverters inside a micro-grid. This paper proposes a supervisory unit for the DGM in order to deal with several conditions of inverters operation inside grid. A secure communication system using IEC 61850/SunSpec protocols is applied such that the DNO can effectively command the microgrid inverters as a single unit of dispatch. Moreover, in the proposed approach all inverters are optimized to work in different dispatch modes: MPPT, limited active power mode, power factor correction mode and reactive power dispatch. The proposed system architecture, the distributed generation manager as well as the Supervisory Unit are detailed. The paper presents the results from simulations and from the Raspberry Pi 3 hardware implementation with real-time dSPACE based microgrid emulator.

关键词： distributed generation control Aggregation

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Resilience Enhancement of Microgrids With Inverter-Interfaced DGs by Enabling Faulty Phase Selection

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID 2018年第6期9卷 6578-6589页

作者： Azzouz, Maher Abdelkhalek Hooshyar, Ali El-Saadany, Ehab F. Univ Windsor Dept Elect & Comp Engn Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada York Univ Elect Engn & Comp Sci Dept Toronto ON M3J 1P3 Canada Univ Waterloo Dept Elect & Comp Engn Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada Khalifa Univ Petr Inst Abu Dhabi U Arab Emirates

The significant differences between the fault current signatures of inverter-interfaced distributed generators (IIDGs) and conventional synchronous generator-based sources can lead to misoperation of the existing phase selection methods that operate based on the angles of sequence currents. Consequently, a selective phase reclming/tripping scheme cannot be applied by the protection system of a microgrid, resulting in reduced resilience during asymmetrical faults. This paper develops a dual control scheme that regulates the sequence components of an IIDG current during short-circuits such that the existing phase selection methods accurately select the faulty phase(s). The proposed scheme adds a controllable voltage source and a virtual impedance to the negative-sequence circuit of an MX: model. These newly added components are tuned to make the sequence current angles of an IIDG during asymmetrical faults similar to those of an SG while thermal limits of inverter switches are satisfied. As a result, the protection system can trip only the faulty phase(s) and the microgrid resilience during unbalanced short-circuits is substantially improved. A comprehensive performance evaluation confirms the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme under different fault conditions.

关键词： distributed generation control fault resiliency microgrid protection phase selection

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Model-Free Optimal Coordination of distributed Energy Resources for Provisioning Transmission-Level Services

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 2018年第1期33卷 817-828页

作者： Arnold, Daniel B. Sankur, Michael D. Negrete-Pincetic, Matias Callaway, Duncan S. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab Berkeley CA 94720 USA Univ Calif Berkeley Dept Mech Engn Berkeley CA 94720 USA Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile Dept Elect Engn Santiago 7820436 Chile Univ Calif Berkeley Energy & Resources Grp Berkeley CA 94720 USA

Collective control of distributed energy resources (DER)-such as photovoltaic (PV) inverters or battery storage-have the potential to provide regulation services to the bulk electric grid. While optimal power flow techniques may be used to coordinate DER for this purpose, these approaches typically rely on accurate network models and a large number of system measurements. In this paper, we consider an approach that alleviates these modeling and measurement requirements. Here, we consider a two-dimensional adaptive control scheme known as extremum seeking, or ES, to perform optimization without knowledge of a model of the distribution network. We apply this scheme to enable simultaneous feeder head active power and voltage magnitude reference tracking, as well as feeder voltage regulation. From the perspective of the transmission grid, this approach essentially transforms the distribution feeder into a controllable (P,V) bus. Simulation results confirm the ability of the approach to track substation real power and voltage reference signals while maintaining distribution system voltages within acceptable tolerances.

关键词： Decentralized control distributed generation control power generation control smart grids voltage control

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Price-Based Coordinated Aggregation of Networked distributed Energy Resources

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC control 2016年第10期61卷 2936-2946页

作者： Gharesifard, Bahman Basar, Tamer Dominguez-Garcia, Alejandro D. Queens Univ Dept Math & Stat Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada Univ Illinois Coordinated Sci Lab Champaign IL 61801 USA

In this paper, we introduce a framework for studying the aggregated response for energy provision/consumption processes by distributed energy resources (DERs) that are physically connected to an electric power distribution network. In this framework, there is a set of agents referred to as aggregators that participate in a real-time energy market by submitting offers to sell, or bids to buy, a certain amount of energy at some price. To realize an offer or a bid, an aggregator interacts with a set of DERs and incentivizes them to produce (or consume) energy via some pricing strategy. In order to make a decision on whether or not to sell or buy energy, each DER uses the pricing information provided by the aggregator it is associated with, and some estimate of the average (or total) energy that neighboring DERs are willing to sell or buy, computed through some exchange of information among them through a cyber network;the topology of this cyber network is described by a connected undirected graph. The focus of this paper is on the DER strategic decision-making process, which we cast as a game with a single aggregator. In this context, we provide sufficient conditions on the aggregator's pricing strategy under which this game has a unique Nash equilibrium. Then, we propose a distributed algorithm that enables the DERs to seek this Nash equilibrium;this algorithm relies on simple computations using local information acquired through exchange of information with neighboring DERs. We illustrate our results through several numerical simulations.

关键词： distributed generation control distributed energy resources distributed Nash seeking networked systems

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Unlocking distribution network capacity through real-time thermal rating for high penetration of DGs

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ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS RESEARCH 2014年 117卷 36-46页

作者： Degefa, M. Z. Humayun, M. Safdarian, A. Koivisto, M. Millar, R. J. Lehtonen, M. Aalto Univ Dept Elect Engn & Automat Espoo Finland

Highly stochastic loading in the emerging active distribution networks means that electric utilities need to use their assets to the fullest by deploying intelligent network management tools. Real-time thermal rating (RTTR) provides possibility for short term and even real-time active distribution network management enabling the network to run closer to an overload state without damage. In this study, a RTTR based active distribution network management framework is formulated giving hour-by-hour network capacity limits. Relationships of stochasticities in customer loads and DG output with thermal responses of underground cables, overhead lines and distribution transformers are explained. RTTR is applied on all distribution network components with simulated scenarios involving various levels of DG penetration. This study quantifies the potential for an increased DG utilization and an increased potential for new DG installations when RTTR is integrated with distribution management systems. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).

关键词： Active network management distributed generation control Load forecasting Power flow Real-time thermal rating State estimation

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Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Flexible Distribution of Energy and Storage Resources

Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Flexible Distribu...

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IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)

作者： Khasawneh, Hussam J. Illindala, Mahesh S. Ohio State Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Columbus OH 43210 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479903368

Flexible distribution of energy and storage resources (FDERS) offers the benefits of increased resource lifetime, optimal energy storage deployment, enhanced controllability and improved system robustness. It is enabled through the use of reconfiguration, variable interface reactances and/or adjustable distributed energy resource (DER) controls to create a cooperative framework among multiple interconnected DERs in meeting the system load demands. This paper presents a systematic approach towards analysis of FDERS dynamic behavior to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the above benefits and provide design recommendations. It includes developing theoretical small-signal system models along with detailed time-domain simulations in MATLAB (R)/Simulink. environment for an FDERS consisting of multiple interconnected DERs in various cooperative formations.

关键词： distributed Energy Resources distributed generation control Energy Storage Systems Fuel Cells

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Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Flexible Distribution of Energy and Storage Resources

Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Flexible Distribu...

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IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition

作者： Hussam J. Khasawneh Mahesh S. Illindala Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479903375

Flexible distribution of energy and storage resources (FDERS) offers the benefits of increased resource lifetime, optimal energy storage deployment, enhanced controllability and improved system robustness. It is enabled through the use of reconfiguration, variable interface reactances and/or adjustable distributed energy resource (DER) controls to create a cooperative framework among multiple interconnected DERs in meeting the system load demands. This paper presents a systematic approach towards analysis of FDERS dynamic behavior to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the above benefits and provide design recommendations. It includes developing theoretical small-signal system models along with detailed time-domain simulations in MATLAB/Simulink environment for an FDERS consisting of multiple interconnected DERs in various cooperative formations.

关键词： distributed Energy Resources distributed generation control Energy Storage Systems Fuel Cells

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Fast recursive Gauss-Newton adaptive filter for the estimation of power system frequency and harmonics in a noisy environment

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IET generation TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2011年第12期5卷 1277-1289页

作者： Dash, P. K. Krishnanand, K. R. Padhee, M. Siksha O Anusandhan Univ Bhubaneswar Orissa India

This study presents a new recursive Gauss-Newton method-based adaptive filter for estimating the time-varying amplitude, phase, and frequency of fundamental and harmonic components of power system voltage or current corrupted by noise. The coefficients of the adaptive filter are obtained from unconstrained optimisation of an error function weighted by a variable forgetting factor, and using suitable approximation of the recursive Gauss-Newton algorithm for reducing computational complexity. To improve the tracking speed and accuracy of the filter, the forgetting factor is tuned iteratively. This approach is very much suitable for a large variety of applications in the distributed generation control and protection, synchronised phasor measurement of voltage and current signals using phasor measurement units, power electronic converters etc. Several computational issues like the time-varying nature of the power system voltage and frequency parameters, noise and distortion, presence of decaying dc and inter-harmonics are considered to evaluate the fast operation and robustness of the proposed approach.

关键词： error analysis error function power system current approximation theory iterative methods Filtering methods in signal processing Optimisation techniques power system harmonics Power system protection unconstrained optimisation distributed power generation Power convertors and power supplies to apparatus power convertors power system frequency estimation distributed generation protection Power supply quality and harmonics phasor measurement power system harmonics estimation power generation control frequency estimation recursive Gauss-Newton algorithm adaptive filters Power system measurement and metering recursive filters optimisation Interpolation and function approximation (numerical analysis) distributed power generation Error analysis in numerical methods distributed generation control power system voltage power system voltage parameter recursive Gauss-Newton adaptive filter current signal power electronic converter computational complexity time-varying amplitude power system frequency parameter power generation protection synchronised phasor measurement Other topics in statistics voltage signal

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