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Integration of distributed generations and static var compensators with static synchronous compensators to reduce power losses

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEM ASSURANCE ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 2025年第3期16卷 1188-1219页

作者： Shukla, Vipul Mukherjee, V. Singh, Bindeshwar Indian Sch Mines Indian Inst Technol Dhanbad Jharkhand India Kamla Nehru Inst Technol Sultanpur Uttar Pradesh India

The necessity of power is growing in response to today's growing population. In order to reduce power losses both real and reactive, three devices have been combined in this research. The distributed generations (DGs) and static var compensator (SVC) with static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) plays an important role for reduce power losses both real and reactive and voltage profile improvement. The research presented here presents a genetic algorithm (GA) that may be utilised to improve system power performance and voltage profile (VP) in distribution networks by integrating DG, SVC and STATCOM planning. On a 37-bus distribution network, the proposed methodology has been applied. The results of this study are helpful to those focusing on the functionality of viable and upcoming electrical grids, as well as those working in the disciplines of DG, SVC and STATCOM integration for improved system performance.

关键词： distributed generations Genetic algorithm System performances Static VAR compensator Distribution network Different load models Static synchronous compensator

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Genetic algorithm based for coordinated control of distributed generations with different load models

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEM ASSURANCE ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 2025年第1期16卷 89-112页

作者： Shukla, Vipul Mukherjee, V. Singh, Bindeshwar Indian Inst Technol Indian Sch Mines Dhanbad Jharkhand India Kamla Nehru Inst Technol Sultanpur Uttar Pradesh India

The use of distributed generations in conjunction is expected to increase in the coming years. This research explores how to optimise distributed generations planning in distribution systems for load models for rating and placement determination using a multi-tasking Genetic Algorithm. The purpose of this research is to reduce rean and reactive power losses from a system perspective. From the aspect of the analysis, the coordinated control of various varieties of distributed generations are taken into consideration. Different forms of DGs include solar, photovoltaics, diesel engines, synchronous condensers, and doubly-fed induction generators. In this analysis, planning for improving system performance such as reducing of real power loss and reactive power loss with enhancement of voltage profile. The worth of the planned strategy is illustrated in the 37-bus distribution test network. Researchers, industrialists, scientists, and anyone working in the smart grid with DGs will find this paper quite valuable.

关键词： Different load models Coordinated control distributed generations Distribution network Genetic algorithm System performances

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distributed generations planning in distribution networks using genetic algorithm-based multi-objective optimization

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEM ASSURANCE ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 2024年第11期15卷 5246-5264页

作者： Mishra, Deependra Kumar Mukherjee, V. Singh, Bindeshwar Indian Inst Technol Indian Sch Mines Dhanbad Jharkhand India Kamla Nehru Inst Technol KNIT Sultanpur Uttar Pradesh India

The role of distributed generations (DGs) in a modern scenario is very useful for improving the system performances indexes like minimization of the total real and reactive power losses (ILP, and ILQ) of the system, voltage profile improvement (IVD), better voltage regulation (IVR), increasing the short circuit current capacity (ILC) and apparent power intake in the distribution networks. In this paper the novelty of the DGs are placed and sized with genetic algorithm (GA) in distribution network for improving system performance indexes. The system performance indexes such as ILP, ILQ, IVD, ILC, and IVR are considered for the planning of DGs. In this proposed work, 16-bus, 37-bus, 69-bus test systems is considered as a test systems, and constant impedance (Z), current (I), and power (P) load models is considered as a load. The proper placing of DGs in the distribution networks meets the challenge of more demand for electricity which can be achieved with enhanced load ability of the system with voltage stability and frequency stability also.

关键词： distributed generations Distribution networks Different zip load models Genetic algorithm System performances indexes

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Rate of change of superimposed negative sequence impedance based islanding detection technique for distributed generations

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2016年第13期10卷 3170-3182页

作者： Muda, Harikrishna Jena, Premalata Indian Inst Technol Roorkee Dept Elect Engn Roorkee 247667 Uttar Pradesh India

In this study, a new islanding detection technique based on the rate of change of superimposed negative sequence impedance (ROCSNSI) is proposed. Due to the presence of non-linear loads in microgrids, a considerable amount of inter harmonic components exist in power system signals. To compute the fundamental frequency component of voltage and current signals, phasors are calculated using a full-cycle least error square technique. The ROCSNSI is considered for the discrimination of islanding and non-islanding events (NIEs). The performance of the proposed technique is evaluated by simulating IEEE 13 and IEEE 34 bus microgrid systems in real-time digital simulator. Islanding and non-islanding scenarios for perfect power match condition, types of distributed generations (DGs) with various control strategies are simulated and the performance of the proposed approach is found to be accurate. It is found that, the technique identifies the islanding even under low active and reactive power mismatches and hence overcomes the non-detection zone problem. Different NIEs, like load switching, faults, tripping of DG, single-ole tripping and reconnection of the DG are considered and the technique discriminates islanding and NIEs within a full cycle from the inception point.

关键词： IEEE bus microgrid systems interharmonic components Control of electric power systems reactive power mismatches power system signals perfect power match condition distributed generations DG tripping power system harmonics NIEs phasors distributed power generation control strategy DG reconnection fundamental frequency component rate of change of superimposed negative sequence impedance single-pole tripping nondetection zone problem real-time digital simulator Power supply quality and harmonics power generation control least squares approximations ROCSNSI Signal processing theory full-cycle least error square technique reactive power Interpolation and function approximation (numerical analysis) active power mismatches distributed power generation islanding and nonislanding event discrimination islanding detection technique inception point load switching current signals nonlinear loads Signal processing and detection voltage signals signal processing DG fault

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Stochastic fractal search algorithm for reconfiguration of distribution networks with distributed generations

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AIN SHAMS ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2020年第2期11卷 389-407页

作者： Tung The Tran Truong, Khoa Hoang Vo, Dieu Ngoc Ho Chi Minh City Univ Technol Dept Power Syst VNU HCM Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam Univ Teknol PETRONAS Dept Elect & Elect Engn Seri Iskandar Perak Malaysia

This paper presents an implementation of the stochastic fractal search (SFS) algorithm to solve the distribution network reconfiguration (DNR) problem in the presence of distributed generations (DGs). The SFS is a meta-heuristic algorithm inspired by the fractal theory for solving optimization problems. For dealing with the formulated DNR problem, the loss sensitivity factor (LSF) was first used to determine the optimal location of DGs and SFS was then applied to find the best size of DGs and configuration of the network. The proposed SFS algorithm was tested on 33-bus, 69-bus, 84-bus, 119-bus, and 136-bus distribution networks with seven different scenarios. The results obtained from SFS were compared to those from other methods in the literature and the result comparison has showed that SFS obtained better solutions than other methods. Therefore, SFS can be a very favorable method for solving the reconfiguration problem considering the participation of DGs in distribution networks. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University.

关键词： distributed generations Distribution network reconfiguration Diffusion process Stochastic fractal search algorithm Updating process

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A novel severity performance index for optimal allocation and sizing of photovoltaic distributed generations

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ENERGY REPORTS 2020年 6卷 2180-2190页

作者： Farh, Hassan M. H. Al-Shaalan, Abdullah M. Eltamaly, Ali M. Al-Shamma'a, Abdullrahman A. King Saud Univ Coll Engn Elect Engn Dept Riyadh 11421 Saudi Arabia King Saud Univ Sustainable Energy Technol Ctr Riyadh 11421 Saudi Arabia Mansoura Univ Elect Engn Dept Mansoura 35516 Egypt Taiz Univ Coll Engn Dept Mechatron Engn Taizi 6803 Yemen

Optimal allocation and sizing of the distributed generations (DGs) attract great attention of many researchers all over the world. In this study, the problems associated to optimal DGs allocation and sizing are divided into two sub-problems. One of them deals with the DGs allocation at the critical buses and the other aims to select the optimal size of these DGs. A novel severity performance index (SPI) is introduced to evaluate both the power system reliability and quality. The crow search (CS) is integrated with PSO not only to collect the merits of both CS and PSO but also to solve the optimal power flow problem including multi-DGs allocated at the critical buses for the IEEE 30-bus test system. Detailed comparisons of four distinct DGs allocation cases are presented, discussed, and analyzed. The simulation findings proved that the DGs allocated based on the multi-objectives (SPI, total fuel costs;FC;and power losses;PL) have a superior performance compared to other cases in terms of voltage profile, branches loading, power losses, and total costs. Therefore, the multi DGs is preferred to be allocated based on these multi-objectives (SPI, FC, and PL) in order to attain additional techno-economic benefits to the power system. (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： Crow search integrated with PSO distributed generations Severity performance index Allocation and sizing Multi-objective function

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Research on load transfer strategy optimisation with considering the operation of distributed generations and secondary dispatch

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2020年第23期14卷 5526-5535页

作者： Jiang, Wei Wu, Lei Zhang, Lizong Jiang, Zhengwei Southeast Univ Sch Elect Engn Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China State Grid Shaoxing Power Supply Co Shaoxing 312000 Peoples R China

In this study, a three-stage optimisation method for distribution system load transfer scheme with consideration of the participation of distributed generations (DGs) is proposed. The algorithm aims to recover loads from the large-scale power outage caused by substation-complete-shutdown accidents (SCSAs), thus improving the power supply reliability. First, the principle of the SCSA load transfer strategy considering DGs and the secondary dispatch is introduced. The capacities of DGs were used to provide the additional power supply in grid-connected or island operations. Meanwhile, to relieve the stress of the backup substation for further load transfer, a secondary dispatch strategy is proposed to dispatch loads among the direct-connected and secondary-connected substations. Afterwards, a three-stage optimisation model is built to obtain the optimal load transfer scheme. The first-stage optimisation determines the island partitions in the unrecovered areas. The second-stage optimisation comprises a tie-line transfer model considering the load importance and the recovery time. The third-stage optimisation intends to determine the optimal secondary dispatch to achieve a better overall recovery rate. Case study results prove that the proposed three-stage optimisation method can improve the overall load recovery rate while ensuring the reliability of important loads and the operation safety of the system.

关键词： distributed power generation power system restoration optimisation power system management power grids power system reliability power distribution reliability power distribution faults substations load dispatching load transfer strategy optimisation distributed generations three-stage optimisation method distribution system load transfer scheme large-scale power outage substation-complete-shutdown accidents power supply reliability SCSA load transfer strategy additional power supply island operations backup substation secondary dispatch strategy direct-connected substations secondary-connected substations three-stage optimisation model optimal load transfer scheme first-stage optimisation second-stage optimisation tie-line transfer model load importance third-stage optimisation optimal secondary dispatch load recovery rate important loads operation safety

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An average consensus-based power-sharing among VOC-based distributed generations in multi-bus islanded microgrids

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2021年第4期15卷 792-807页

作者： Tran, Trung Thai Sowa, Igor Raisz, David Monti, Antonello Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Inst Automat Complex Power Syst Achen Germany Thai Nguyen Univ Technol Fac Int Training Thai Nguyen Vietnam Budapest Univ Technol & Econ Dept Elect Power Engn Budapest Hungary

This study proposes a hierarchical control structure for load power-sharing among distributed generations (DG) in a multi-bus microgrid (MG). The proposed control structure uses an average consensus-based distributed protocol (CDP) for the secondary control layer and virtual oscillator control (VOC) as a primary controller. The proposed method can nullify the power-sharing inaccuracy caused by the mismatches of the equivalent impedances seen from the outputs of DGs. The eigenvalue-based small-signal analysis is used to analyse the secondary controller and communication time-delay on system stability. The results of the stability analysis are used to design secondary controller and time-delay compensator. The validity of the proposed method is verified by both offline simulations in Matlab/Simulink and control hardware-in-the-loop (CHiL) using a real-time Opal-RT platform.

关键词： multibus microgrid primary controller multibus islanded microgrids Control of electric power systems distributed generations power-sharing inaccuracy power distribution faults secondary control layer stability analysis delays distributed power generation communication time-delay Power system control secondary controller power generation control time-delay compensator hierarchical control structure eigenvalues and eigenfunctions load power-sharing Distribution networks distributed power generation average consensus-based power-sharing VOC-based virtual oscillator control

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Modelling distributed generations in three-phase distribution load flow

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2008年第3期2卷 330-340页

作者： Teng, J. -H. I Shou Univ Dept Elect Engn Dashu Township 840 Kaohsiung Cty Taiwan

The mathematical models of distributed generations (DGs) are integrated into three-phase distribution load flow program to analyse and simulate the penetrations of DGs for distribution systems. DGs can utilise the traditional energy sources such as oil and coal or renewable energy sources such as wind, solar and fuel cell and use rotating generators or converters to transfer energy to power grids. According to the characteristics of output power, DGs can be specified as constant power factor model, constant voltage model or variable reactive power model in the load flow analysis. These three models are all derived and integrated into the proposed load flow method. Test results demonstrate the validity and capability of the proposed method.

关键词： distribution networks distributed power generation Distribution networks distribution systems load flow distributed generations energy sources load flow analysis three-phase distribution load flow

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Service Restoration Model With Mixed-Integer Second-Order Cone Programming for Distribution Network With distributed generations

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID 2019年第4期10卷 4138-4150页

作者： Li, Yong Xiao, Juanxia Chen, Chun Tan, Yi Cao, Yijia Hunan Univ Coll Elect & Informat Engn Changsha 410082 Hunan Peoples R China

Fast and reliable service restoration strategy is necessary to restore as many out-of-service loads as possible in a short time. In this paper, a mixed-integer second-order cone programming formulation is proposed for service restoration of a distribution network with distributed generations (DGs). This formulation relaxes the original non-convex power flow equations into a conic quadratic format. The employment of conic relaxation is of great importance because it ensures the quality of the obtained solution. The service restoration is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem considering the minimization of de-energized loads and total number of switching operations. Moreover, PQ and PV model of DGs are considered in this formulation. The proposed method is tested on the 33-bus system and the Taiwan Power Company 84-bus system to show its effectiveness.

关键词： Convex optimization problem distribution network distributed generations mixed-integer second-order cone programming service restoration

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