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Optimal Location Identification of Solar PV Systems in distributed generators Based on Prediction of Load Flow and Factor Using Rule Based Deep Learning Algorithm

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY 2025年第3期20卷 1269-1281页

作者： Kolanchinathan, V. P. Aswini, K. R. N. Rajendran, Narayanasamy Chinthamani, B. Bhuvana, S. Deepa, S. N. Mohan, S. B. Shanker, N. R. Gayathri, J. Veltech Hightech Dr Rangarajan Dr Sagunthula Engn Dept Elect & Commun Engn Chennai India Chinmaya Vishwa Vidyapeeth Dept Elect & Commun Ernakulam Kerala India Univ Technol & Appl Sci Coll Comp & Informat Sci Nizwa U Arab Emirates Easwari Engn Coll Dept Elect & Instrumentat Engn Chennai India Dr MGR Educ & Res Inst Chennai India NIT Calicut Dept Elect Engn Kozhikode Kerala India SA Engn Coll Dept Elect & Commun Engn Chennai India Alim Muhammed Salegh Coll Engn Dept Comp Sci & Engn Chennai India Veltech Multitech Dr Rangarajan Dr Sakunthala Engn Dept Elect & Commun Engn Chennai India

Optimal sizing and location identification for the installation of Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) sources in distributed generators (DG) is a challenging task. DGs supports the power grid and avoids the power loss due to increase in demand of electric power. In this paper, sizing and location of SPV are obtained based on microclimatic data, because DGs power generation output varies for different climatic condition. Traditional methods consider only electrical data such as load active and reactive powers for the Optimal sizing and location identification of SPV. This paper proposes Rule Based (RB) input data selection from microclimatic data such as temperature, wind speed, humidity, and total cloud cover, and electrical data such as load active and reactive power for the prediction of Optimal sizing and location identification of SPV. The selection of data varies based on agricultural area or residential area or commercial area. The rule based selected data are fed to the Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) layer and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm for Optimal sizing and location identification of SPV. The proposed RB-PSO-LSTM method is applied in IEEE-32 bus and Indian Utility 62-bus systems. Objective function of RB-PSO-LSTM method is to minimize grid dependence, reduce power loss, maintain Voltage Stability Index and reduces the annual operating cost. Performance evaluation of the proposed RB-PSO-LSTM method is compared with existing optimization techniques. The minimal grid dependency is attained through proposed RB-PSO-LSTM method and reduces the running cost of about 85% of the Power grids.

关键词： distributed generators Solar photovoltaic Microclimate Hyper-parameter tuning Optimization

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A novel fault location method for distribution networks with distributed generators based on improved seagull optimization algorithm

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ENERGY REPORTS 2025年 13卷 3237-3245页

作者： Li, Yuan Su, Shi Hu, Faping He, Xuehao Su, Jiali Zhang, Jing Li, Botong Liu, Sumei Man, Wenshuo Yunnan Elect Power Grid Co Ltd Elect Power Res Inst Kunming 650217 Peoples R China Yunnan Power Grid Co Ltd Honghe Power Supply Bur Mengzi 661000 Peoples R China Tianjin Univ Key Lab Smart Grid Minist Educ Tianjin 300072 Peoples R China Beijing Forestry Univ Sch Technol Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

With the increasing penetration of distributed generators (DGs), the fault current of the connected distribution network (DN) becomes complex and variable. The overcurrent signals at the same location may be decided by the connected grid or solely by the DGs. As a result, the fault location methods based on intelligent optimization algorithms have low accuracy and poor fault tolerance, especially when the overcurrent signals are determined only by the DGs under simultaneous multi-area faults. Aimed at the aforementioned problems, a novel fault location method based on an improved seagull optimization algorithm is proposed for the distribution grid integrated with the DGs. The expression of the switch status function for DNs is firstly improved considering the impact of DGs on the overcurrent signals. An elite reverse learning strategy is introduced for the seagull optimization algorithm to the diversity of the initial seagull population. Both the Levy flight control and random walk strategies are used to increase the randomness of the optimization algorithm. It is good for avoiding the emergence of locally optimal results due to the variable overcurrent status of the feeder terminal units (FTUs). Finally, the proposed fault location method was validated using a simulation model of an active DN with photovoltaic DGs based on the IEEE 33 nodes. Based on the simulation results, it is verified that the proposed fault location method can identify single-point or multi-point faults in the case of distorted overcurrent signals. The proposed method is superior to the existing one in both high accuracy and high fault tolerance.

关键词： Fault location Seagull optimization algorithm Improved switch function Distribution networks distributed generators

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distributed generators as Providers of Reactive Power Support-A Market Approach

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 2013年第1期28卷 490-502页

作者： Rueda-Medina, Augusto C. Padilha-Feltrin, Antonio Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP Ilha Solteira Sao Paulo Brazil

Traditionally, ancillary services are supplied by large conventional generators. However, with the huge penetration of distributed generators (DGs) as a result of the growing interest in satisfying energy requirements, and considering the benefits that they can bring along to the electrical system and to the environment, it appears reasonable to assume that ancillary services could also be provided by DGs in an economical and efficient way. In this paper, a settlement procedure for a reactive power market for DGs in distribution systems is proposed. Attention is directed to wind turbines connected to the network through synchronous generators with permanent magnets and doubly-fed induction generators. The generation uncertainty of this kind of DG is reduced by running a multi-objective optimization algorithm in multiple probabilistic scenarios through the Monte Carlo method and by representing the active power generated by the DGs through Markov models. The objectives to be minimized are the payments of the distribution system operator to the DGs for reactive power, the curtailment of transactions committed in an active power market previously settled, the losses in the lines of the network, and a voltage profile index. The proposed methodology was tested using a modified IEEE 37-bus distribution test system.

关键词： distributed generators distribution systems Markov models Monte Carlo method multi-objective optimization power generation reactive power market uncertainty

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distributed generators: DEFINITION IDENTIFICATION 4

DISTRIBUTED GENERATORS: DEFINITION IDENTIFICATION

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4th International Conference on Electrical and Control Technologies

作者： Slusnys, Dainius Kaunas Univ Technol Kaunas Lithuania

ISBN: (纸本)9781634397988

Electricity supply structures and energetic institutions associated with installation, exploitation and development of distributed energy resources have different definitions for distributed generation. Different types of generators are installed in electric power systems. Those units can be either high or low power, installed at customers' or far from them, traditional or renewable. Large amount of generating units and different definitions for distributed generators leads to problematic definition for real and exact distributed generators. Sometimes it can be a reason of misunderstanding.

关键词： distributed generators distributed generation definition

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Optimised curtailment of distributed generators for the provision of congestion management services considering discrete controllability

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2020年第5期14卷 735-744页

作者： Liere-Netheler, Ingo Schuldt, Frank von Maydell, Karsten Agert, Carsten DLR Inst Networked Energy Syst Carl von Ossietzky Str 15 Oldenburg Germany

Grid operation becomes a more challenging task due to the increasing amount of distributed generators in the system. Consequently, critical situations with violations of operational limits occur more frequently. Hence, grid operators have to take corrective countermeasures to ensure the security of supply. This study presents a discrete optimisation approach to determine the optimal amount of distributed generator curtailment regarding multiple objectives. The proposed method is based on non-linear AC load flow analysis of the network. The method is implemented into a modified version of the IEEE 14-bus test system and the necessary amount of generation curtailment to retain predefined operational limits is identified. Simulations are carried out for different contingency scenarios and several possible increments of curtailment levels are compared. Results reveal the potential to reduce the total amount of power adjustments distinctly by using curtailment levels with smaller step sizes compared to todays' applied standards in German grid operation. Furthermore, the developed methodology enables distributed generators to be used for managing congestions of transformers connecting different voltage levels.

关键词： distributed power generation power system management power system security optimisation load flow optimised curtailment distributed generators congestion management services discrete controllability grid operators discrete optimisation approach distributed generator curtailment nonlinear AC load flow analysis IEEE 14-bus test system generation curtailment predefined operational limits curtailment levels German grid operation

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Multi-objective Distribution Feeder Reconfiguration Along with Optimal Sizing of Capacitors and distributed generators Regarding Network Voltage Security

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ELECTRIC POWER COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS 2022年第6-7期49卷 652-668页

作者： Lotfi, Hossein Azizivahed, Ali Shojaei, Ali Asghar Seyedi, Seyedalireza Bin Othman, Mohd Fauzi Islamic Azad Univ Dept Elect Engn Neyshabur Branch Neyshabur Iran Univ Technol Sydney Fac Engn & Informat Technol Sydney NSW Australia Yazd Univ Dept Math Sci Yazd Iran Univ Teknol Malaysia Int Campus Ctr Artificial Intelligence & Robot Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Distribution network reconfiguration is one of the well-known and effective strategies in the distribution networks which performs by the status management of the network switches in order to obtain a new optimal configuration for the feeders. This study formulates multi-objective distribution feeder reconfiguration along with optimal sizing of distributed generators and capacitors. The prevalent objective functions in the network reconfiguration studies comprise of power loss and voltage deviations that are considered as the main objectives for traditional distribution systems, however, less attention has been paid to the objective functions of reliability and network voltage security in the previous literatures. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to improve the reliability and network voltage security by solving the distribution network reconfiguration problem. To this end, the energy not supplied and voltage stability index are defined as the objective functions of reliability and voltage security. A modified gravitational search algorithm is suggested to solve the complex and non-convex optimization problem. Ultimately, to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method;it has been tested on two 33 and 70-bus test systems, and the results are compared with the results of using other evolutionary algorithms, such as particle swarm optimization and shuffled frog leaping.

关键词： distribution network reconfiguration distributed generators modified gravitational search algorithm energy not supplied voltage stability index

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Optimal siting and sizing of distributed generators to retain the existing protection setup along with their technical and economic aspects

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2019年第15期13卷 3240-3251页

作者： Srividhya, Subramanian Murali, Venkatakirthiga Natl Inst Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Tiruchirappalli Tamil Nadu India

Now-a-days, most studies strive towards high penetration of distributed generators (DGs) in distribution systems. Interestingly, the deployment of DGs has the potential to question the selectivity between the relays and also the interrupting capacity of circuit breakers (CBs) upon increased penetration. Furthermore, the integration of DGs leads to sympathetic tripping during faults, which mandates the DGs to be disconnected from the grid, which in turn conflicts the reliability of the distribution systems. Gradually, this facilitates the need for fault ride through of DGs without affecting the security and technical benefits of the system. Hence, to get the best out of DGs and to pull through their challenges, this work optimally sites and sizes the DGs to retain the existing relay settings and CBs and to avoid mal-operations during faults due to reverse power flow along with their potential benefits and their economic impacts. Besides minimising the CB replacements and sympathetic tripping of relays during optimisation of DGs, few fault current limiters are incorporated to avoid these issues completely. Furthermore, this work also explores optimal penetration using a fuzzy logic tool. The proposed methodology is validated for the standard 33 bus radial distribution system using particle swarm optimisation algorithm.

关键词： distributed power generation load flow optimisation distribution networks particle swarm optimisation circuit breakers fuzzy logic distributed generators existing protection setup distribution systems relays existing relay settings sympathetic tripping standard 33 bus radial distribution system

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A new fuzzy adaptive particle swarm optimization for daily Volt/Var control in distribution networks considering distributed generators

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APPLIED ENERGY 2010年第6期87卷 1919-1928页

作者： Niknam, Taher Firouzi, Bahman Bahmani Ostadi, Amir Shiraz Univ Technol Elect & Elect Dept Shiraz Iran Islamic Azad Univ MArvdasht Branch Tehran Iran Univ Toronto Dept Elect & Comp Engn Toronto ON Canada

This paper presents a novel approach for daily Volt/Var control in distribution systems using distributed Generation (DG) units. The impact of DG units on Volt/Var control is significant in a distribution network with radial configuration and small X/R ratio. in this paper, a price-based approach is adopted to determine the optimum active and reactive power dispatch for the DG units, the reactive power contribution of the capacitor banks, and the tap settings of the transformers in a day in advance. A fuzzy adaptive particle swarm optimization (FAPSO) method is used to solve the daily Volt/Var control which is a non-linear mixed-integer problem. A mathematical expression of the proposed method and its effectiveness using simulation results are provided. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： distributed generators Fuzzy adaptive particle swarm optimization Voltage and reactive power control

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Two level islanding detection method for distributed generators in distribution networks

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL POWER & ENERGY SYSTEMS 2017年 87卷 222-231页

作者： Shrivastava, Smita Jain, Shailendra Nema, Rajesh Kumar Chaurasia, Vijayshri Maulana Azad Natl Inst Technol Bhopal Bhopal 462003 Madhya Pradesh India

Use of distributed generators in distribution networks is proved highly reliable and economical. In utility practice at the present time, accidental islanding is an undesirable mode of operation as it can harm the personnel and other connected systems. Therefore, islanding must be detected and the islanded distributed generators must be disconnected from the rest of the system. This paper proposes a new islanding detection method which provides a reliable detection in two levels. At first level wavelet energy entropy is used as an indicator to suspect islanding and activate second level method. Second level method is an active frequency drift method with positive feedback and pulsating chopping fraction that vary the output voltage frequency of distributed generators to realize the anti islanding protections. The performance of the proposed method is simulated in MATLAB environment. The proposed algorithm provides fast islanding detection with least disturbance in inverter's grid connected operation. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： distributed generators Islanding detection Wavelet transform Energy entropy Frequency drift

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Optimal Planning of distributed generators and Shunt Capacitors in Isolated Microgrids With Nonlinear Loads

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY 2020年第4期11卷 2732-2744页

作者： Yazdavar, Ameen Hassan Shaaban, Mostafa F. El-Saadany, Ehab F. Salama, Magdy M. A. Zeineldin, Hatem H. Univ Waterloo Dept Elect & Comp Engn Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada Amer Univ Sharjah Elect Engn Dept Fac Engn Sharjah 26666 U Arab Emirates Unviers Waterloo Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada Khalifa Univ EECS Dept Adv Power & Energy Ctr Abu Dhabi 127788 U Arab Emirates Univ Waterloo ECE Dept Waterloo ON N2J 1L6 Canada Cairo Univ Fac Engn Giza 12613 Egypt

This article presents a comprehensive design procedure for isolated microgrids with a high penetration of nonlinear loads. The proposed microgrid planning approach simultaneously determines the sizes, locations and types of distributed generators (DGs) and shunt capacitor banks (CBs). The presence of nonlinear loads along with the capacitors of CBs or DGs' output filters may cause severe voltage distortions. To consider this issue, a harmonic power flow tool tailored for planning applications is developed that takes into account the specific features of isolated microgrids. Given the necessity of supply continuity for isolated microgrids after a contingency, the proposed planning approach takes into consideration the reliability to increase the probability of building successful islands. Unlike previous methods, the proposed approach does not rely merely on supply adequacy, and takes into account the fact that the voltage provision requirement can only be fulfilled through dispatchable DGs. The intermittent natures of loads and renewable DGs are modelled probabilistically. The effectiveness of the proposed planning approach has been validated using the PG&E 69-bus system, and the followings are observed: 1) the significance of applying suitable fundamental-power-flow and harmonic-power-flow algorithms for isolated microgrids, and 2) the possibility of avoiding a severe voltage distortion by utilizing an appropriate planning method and only small increase in the cost.

关键词： Microgrids Planning generators Capacitors Harmonic analysis Wind turbines Indexes Isolated microgrids distributed generators capacitor banks (CBs) harmonic power flow nonlinear loads reliability

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