This paper provides a complete characterization of epistemic models in which distributed knowledge complies with the principle of full communication (van der Hoek et al., 1999;Gerbrandy, 1999). It also introduces an e...
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This paper provides a complete characterization of epistemic models in which distributed knowledge complies with the principle of full communication (van der Hoek et al., 1999;Gerbrandy, 1999). It also introduces an extended notion of bisimulation and corresponding model comparison games that match the expressive power of distributed knowledge operators.
Justification logics are a family of modal epistemic logics which enables us to reasoning about justifications and evidences. In this paper, we introduce evidence-based multi-agent distributed knowledge logics, called...
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Justification logics are a family of modal epistemic logics which enables us to reasoning about justifications and evidences. In this paper, we introduce evidence-based multi-agent distributed knowledge logics, called distributed knowledge justification logics. The language of our justification logics contain evidence-based knowledge operators for individual agents and for distributed knowledge , which are interpreted respectively as "t is a justification that agent i accepts for F", and "t is a justification that all agents accept for F if they combine their knowledge and justifications". We study basic properties of our logics and prove the conservativity of distributed knowledge justification logics over multi-agent justification logics. We present Kripke style models, pseudo-Fitting and Fitting models, as well as Mkrtychev models (single world Fitting models) and prove soundness and completeness theorems. We also find a class of Fitting models which satisfies the principle of full communication. Finally, we establish the realization theorem, which states that distributed knowledge justification logics can be embedded into the modal distributed knowledge logics, and vise versa.
We explore the processes that unfolded during NASA's ill-fated Columbia shuttle flight, as members of the mission team struggled to understand the significance of an unexpected foam-shedding event. It was difficul...
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We explore the processes that unfolded during NASA's ill-fated Columbia shuttle flight, as members of the mission team struggled to understand the significance of an unexpected foam-shedding event. It was difficult to categorize this event in real time, as two different criteria-a concern for safety and a concern for meeting schedules-were being used. Using in-depth data gathered on the Columbia shuttle flight, we describe the sensemaking processes that unfolded and discuss the implications for organizations.
作者：
Heller, MonicaUniv Toronto
Ontario Inst Studies Educ CREFO Toronto ON M5S 1V6 Canada Univ Toronto
Ontario Inst Studies Educ Dept Sociol & Equ Studies Educ Toronto ON M5S 1V6 Canada
This paper examines ways in which Cicourel's approach to understanding the construction of socially distributed knowledge in workplaces and institutions opens up possibilities for examining basic processes of soci...
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This paper examines ways in which Cicourel's approach to understanding the construction of socially distributed knowledge in workplaces and institutions opens up possibilities for examining basic processes of social structuration. I focus on one particular dimension of that problem: how what gets to count as knowledge (of different kinds) is directly implicated in the dimensions of structuration that involve the construction and definition of categories and relations of social difference and social inequality. I draw on the notions of resources, trajectories, and discursive spaces to illustrate how Cicourel's ideas about distributed knowledge linking interactional orders and processes to institutional ones has allowed me to ask how distributed knowledge is linked to distributed power. I illustrate this approach with a discussion of such an analysis of categorization and stratification in a French-language minority high school in Ontario (Canada), drawing on fieldwork conducted in the early 1990s.
In epistemic logic, a key formal theory for reasoning about knowledge in Al and other fields, different notions of group knowledge describe different ways in which knowledge can be associated with a group of agents. D...
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In epistemic logic, a key formal theory for reasoning about knowledge in Al and other fields, different notions of group knowledge describe different ways in which knowledge can be associated with a group of agents. distributed knowledge can be seen as the sum of the knowledge in a group;it is sometimes referred to as the potential knowledge of a group, or the joint knowledge they could obtain if they had unlimited means of communication. In epistemic logic, a formula of the form D-G phi is intended to express the fact that group G has distributed knowledge of phi, that the total information in the group can be used to infer phi. In this paper we show that this is not the same as phi necessarily being true after the members of the group actually share all their information with each other perhaps contrary to intuitive ideas about what distributed knowledge is. We furthermore introduce a new operator R-G, such that R-G phi means that phi is true after G have shared all their information with each other after G's distributed knowledge has been resolved. The RG operators are called resolution operators. We study logics with different combinations of resolution operators and operators for common and distributed knowledge. Of particular interest is the relationship between distributed and common knowledge. The main results are characterizations of expressive power, and sound and complete axiomatizations. We also study the relationship to public announcement logic. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Based on semantically annotated Web APIs, automatic Web API composition can be implemented easily. The operation can greatly improve efficiency of building a software system. However, in real world, semantic annotatio...
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Based on semantically annotated Web APIs, automatic Web API composition can be implemented easily. The operation can greatly improve efficiency of building a software system. However, in real world, semantic annotation for Web APIs will encounter various difficulties, because of their distribution and function diversity, such as disunited API description formats, response result with complex structure, shortage of business domain ontologies, semantic conflicts among distributed knowledge, and so on. To solve these difficulties, we propose a JSON-LD based Web API semantic annotation approach (JWASA). JWASA can assist professional developers to semi-automatically complete semantic annotation of Web APIs. A common Web API description ontology is firstly defined, including necessary vocabularies about invocation information, functional semantics, and non-functional features. Then, JWASA automatically converts a Web API description into a document in an united JSON format, and assist developers to semi-automatically embed semantic information of crucial elements of the API by means of a lightweight Linked Data format JSON-LD. Meanwhile, a semantic annotation specification is proposed to deal with various complex situations in Web API description, e.g: too many response parameters, no request parameters, etc. In addition, to improve efficiency of annotation, JWASA provides some extra operations, including automatic new ontology or vocabulary creation, automatic functional semantics extraction etc. Also, JWASA provides semi-automatically bridge rule generation algorithm, which can infer implied relationships among vocabularies (e.g: sub-class, super-class, equality). JWASA focuses on the semantic annotation of functionality of Web APIs, and can create effective semantic Web APIs for future API automatic composition. We implement a prototype system and carry out a series of experiments to evaluate JWASA on real Web APIs crawled from Internet. Experiments show that our appro
作者：
Murai, RyoSano, KatsuhikoHokkaido Univ
Grad Sch Humanities & Human Sci Nishi 7 Chome Kita 10 Jo Kita Ku Sapporo Hokkaido 0600810 Japan Hokkaido Univ
Fac Humanities & Human Sci Nishi 7 Chome Kita 10 Jo Kita Ku Sapporo Hokkaido 0600810 Japan
We develop intuitionistic public announcement logic over intuitionistic K, KT, K4, and S4 with distributed knowledge. We reveal that a recursion axiom for the distributed knowledge is not valid for a frame class discu...
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We develop intuitionistic public announcement logic over intuitionistic K, KT, K4, and S4 with distributed knowledge. We reveal that a recursion axiom for the distributed knowledge is not valid for a frame class discussed in [12] but valid for the restricted frame class introduced in [20,26]. The semantic completeness of the static logics for this restricted frame class is established via the concept of pseudo-model.
Public announcement logic (PAL) is an extension of epistemic logic with dynamic operators that model the effects of all agents simultaneously and publicly acquiring the same piece of information. One of the extensions...
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Public announcement logic (PAL) is an extension of epistemic logic with dynamic operators that model the effects of all agents simultaneously and publicly acquiring the same piece of information. One of the extensions of PAL, group announcement logic (GAL), allows quantification over (possibly joint) announcements made by agents. In GAL, it is possible to reason about what groups can achieve by making such announcements. It seems intuitive that this notion of coalitional ability should be closely related to the notion of distributed knowledge, the implicit knowledge of a group. Thus, we study the extension of GAL with distributed knowledge, and in particular possible interaction properties between GAL operators and distributed knowledge. The perhaps surprising result is that, in fact, there are no interaction properties, contrary to intuition. We make this claim precise by providing a sound and complete axiomatisation of GAL with distributed knowledge. We also consider several natural variants of GAL with distributed knowledge, as well as some other related logic, and compare their expressive power.
A model of effective decision-making in a situation of distributed knowledge is developed, drawing on three perspectives: the sociocognitive perspective, which focuses on framing issues, the economic perspective, whic...
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A model of effective decision-making in a situation of distributed knowledge is developed, drawing on three perspectives: the sociocognitive perspective, which focuses on framing issues, the economic perspective, which focuses on the role played by incentives in the integration of knowledge and decision-making authority;and the process perspective, which stresses the role of integrating mechanisms and of processes that either hinder or faster risk awareness and flexibility. The model is tested on a sample of managers from different functional areas of Fortune 500 firms, using strategic responses to exchange-rate volatility as the context. The results show that all three perspectives-framing, incentives and process-are significant in explaining the effectiveness of strategic responses to volatile exchange rates. The findings suggest that simultaneously addressing managerial mindsets, incentives and process may be crucial to generating effective strategic responses across functions.
The idealizations resulting from the use of Kripke semantics in Epistemic Logic are inherited by formalizations of group epistemic notions. For example, distributed knowledge is often taken to reflect the potential kn...
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The idealizations resulting from the use of Kripke semantics in Epistemic Logic are inherited by formalizations of group epistemic notions. For example, distributed knowledge is often taken to reflect the potential knowledge of a group: what agents would know if they had unbounded means of communication and deductive ability. However, this does not specify whether/how this potential can be actualized, especially since real people are not unbounded reasoners. Inspired by experiments on group reasoning, we identify two dimensions of actualizing distributed knowledge: communication and inference. We build a dynamic framework with effortful actions accounting for both, combining impossible-worlds semantics and action models, and we provide a method for extracting a sound and complete axiomatization.
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