In earlier works, I have argued that it is useful to think of much scientific activity, particularly in experimental sciences, as involving the operation of distributed cognitive systems, as these are understood in th...
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In earlier works, I have argued that it is useful to think of much scientific activity, particularly in experimental sciences, as involving the operation of distributed cognitive systems, as these are understood in the contemporary cognitive sciences. Introducing a notion of distributed cognition, however, invites consideration of whether, or in what way, related cognitive activities, such as knowing, might also be distributed. In this paper I will argue that one can usefully introduce a notion of distributed cognition without attributing other cognitive attributes, such as knowing, let alone having a mind or being conscious, to distributed cognitive systems. I will first briefly introduce the cognitive science understanding of distributed cognition, partly so as to distinguish full-blown distributed cognition from mere collective cognition.1.
With the developing of distributed Database technology, fuzzy query of distributed Database has been playing an important role in the information query. Raising query speed and precision ratio is always the main topic...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0878492712
With the developing of distributed Database technology, fuzzy query of distributed Database has been playing an important role in the information query. Raising query speed and precision ratio is always the main topic of information query. In this paper, a new type of information query system-distributed Database system is designed with rough set theory and fuzzy set knowledge. A new information query method is advanced and the architecture of the system and its key algorithms are given. Main characteristic of the research achievement is that query algorithm's time complexity decreases with the increase of amount of information and relates to the only amount of index words. Results show that it is an effective method with which a system for fuzzy query is implemented.
Electronic collaboration has become a driver for productivity as organizations develop linkages for the planning, sourcing, and execution of goods and services. These organizations require mechanisms to harness the di...
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Electronic collaboration has become a driver for productivity as organizations develop linkages for the planning, sourcing, and execution of goods and services. These organizations require mechanisms to harness the diverse and personalized intellectual resources that are distributed across the world. While electronic collaboration technologies have made it possible to harness intellectual resources across space and time, knowledge management is locked in a paradox of perception-the more valuable a knowledge resource is seen to be, the less it is shared. This paper develops a framework for the activation of knowledge that relies on a view of knowledge as identity. The analysis of a case study reveals activation conditions that delineate processes in which electronic collaboration technologies can be most effective. This has implications for the creation of collaborative work environments that enhance knowledge activation in organizations.
This article addresses the issue of "adjusted" assessment of bilingual children, a practice that acknowledges that children who know two languages have distributed knowledge of those languages. In recent wor...
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This article addresses the issue of "adjusted" assessment of bilingual children, a practice that acknowledges that children who know two languages have distributed knowledge of those languages. In recent work, at least three procedures have become common for taking into account this distributed knowledge: a conceptual score, in which children are given credit for knowing some feature of language in either language;a combined or total score, which adds units of knowledge from each language together;and a best score, in which the performance in the better language is taken as the most appropriate measure. The article begins with a discussion of the rationale behind the varied scores. After reviewing a sample of studies that used each type, I will argue that vocabulary and morphosyntax are fundamentally different types of knowledge that may need distinct kinds of adjusted measurement. The value of each kind of adjusted assessment must be considered relative to its purpose: is it to gauge the child's readiness for schooling? Or is it to detect language disorders? Finally, a plea is made for more basic research to answer the many questions that are raised.
Modal logic S5 is commonly viewed as an epistemic logic that captures the most basic properties of knowledge. Kripke proved a completeness theorem for the first-order modal logic S5 with respect to a possible worlds s...
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Modal logic S5 is commonly viewed as an epistemic logic that captures the most basic properties of knowledge. Kripke proved a completeness theorem for the first-order modal logic S5 with respect to a possible worlds semantics. A multiagent version of the propositional S5 as well as a version of the propositional S5 that describes properties of distributed knowledge in multiagent systems has also been previously studied. This article proposes a version of S5-like epistemic logic of distributed knowledge with quantifiers ranging over the set of agents, and proves its soundness and completeness with respect to a Kripke semantics.
There is an increasing pressure on scholars to publish to further or sustain a career in academia. Governments and funding agencies are greedy of indicators based on scientific production to measure science output. Bu...
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There is an increasing pressure on scholars to publish to further or sustain a career in academia. Governments and funding agencies are greedy of indicators based on scientific production to measure science output. But what exactly do we know about the relation between publication levels and advances in science? How do social dynamics and norms interfere with the quality of the scientific production? Are there different regimes of scientific dynamics? The present study proposes some concepts to think about scientific dynamics, through the modeling of the relation between science policies and scholars' exploration-exploitation dilemmas. Passing, we analyze in detail the effects of the "publish or perish" policy, that turns out to have no significant effects in the developments of emerging scientific fields, while having detrimental impacts on the quality of the production of mature fields.
M. B. Hintikka (1939-1987) and J. Hintikka (1929-2016) claimed that their reconstruction of the 'Sherlock Holmes sense of deduction' can "serve as an explication for the link between intelligence and memo...
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M. B. Hintikka (1939-1987) and J. Hintikka (1929-2016) claimed that their reconstruction of the 'Sherlock Holmes sense of deduction' can "serve as an explication for the link between intelligence and memory" (1983, p. 159). The claim is vindicated, first for the single-agent case, where the reconstruction captures strategies for accessing the content of a distributed and associative memory;then, for the multi-agent case, where the reconstruction captures strategies for accessing knowledgedistributed in a community. Moreover, the reconstruction of the 'Sherlock Holmes sense of deduction' allows to conceptualize those strategies as belonging to a continuum of behavioral strategies.
In this paper, we propose a dynamic epistemic framework to capture the knowledge evolution in multi-agent systems where agents are not able to observe. We formalize multi-agent conformant planning with group knowledge...
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In this paper, we propose a dynamic epistemic framework to capture the knowledge evolution in multi-agent systems where agents are not able to observe. We formalize multi-agent conformant planning with group knowledge, and reduce planning problems to model checking problems. We prove that multi-agent conformant planning with group knowledge is Pspace-complete on the size of dynamic epistemic models. We also consider the alternative Kripke semantics, and show that for each Kripke model with perfect recall and no miracles, there is an equivalent dynamic epistemic model and vice versa.
Communication within groups of agents has been lately the focus of research in dynamic epistemic logic. This paper studies a recently introduced form of partial (more precisely, topic-based) communication. This type o...
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Communication within groups of agents has been lately the focus of research in dynamic epistemic logic. This paper studies a recently introduced form of partial (more precisely, topic-based) communication. This type of communication allows for modelling scenarios of multi-agent collaboration and negotiation, and it is particularly well-suited for situations in which sharing all information is not feasible/advisable. The paper can be divided into two parts. In the first part, we present results on invariance and complexity of model checking. Moreover, we compare partial communication with the public announcement and arrow update settings in terms of both language-expressivity and update-expressivity. Regarding the former, the three settings are equivalent, their languages being equally expressive. Regarding the latter, all three modes of communication are incomparable in terms of update-expressivity. In the second part, we shift our attention to strategic topic-based communication. We do so by extending the language with a modality that quantifies over the topics the agents can 'talk about', thus allowing a form of arbitrary partial communication. For this new framework, we provide a complete axiomatisation, showing also that the new language's model checking problem is PSPACE-complete. Finally, we argue that, in terms of expressivity, this new language of arbitrary partial communication is incomparable to that of arbitrary public announcements and also to that of arbitrary arrow updates.
Spatial constraint systems (scs) are semantic structures for reasoning about spatial and epistemic information in concurrent systems. We develop the theory of scs to reason about the distributed information of potenti...
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Spatial constraint systems (scs) are semantic structures for reasoning about spatial and epistemic information in concurrent systems. We develop the theory of scs to reason about the distributed information of potentially infinite groups. We characterize the notion of distributed information of a group of agents as the infimum of the set of join-preserving functions that represent the spaces of the agents in the group. We provide an alternative characterization of this notion as the greatest family of join-preserving functions that satisfy certain basic properties. For completely distributive lattices, we establish that the distributed information of c amongst a group is the greatest lower bound of all possible combinations of information in the spaces of the agents in the group that derive c. We show compositionality results for these characterizations and conditions under which information that can be obtained by an infinite group can also be obtained by a finite group. Finally, we provide an application to mathematical morphology where dilations, one of its fundamental operations, define an scs on a powerset lattice. We show that distributed information represents a particular dilation in such scs. (C) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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