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18th Americas Conference on Information Systems

作者： Erickson, Lee B. Petrick, Irene Trauth, Eileen M. Penn State Univ Coll Informat Sci & Technol University Pk PA 16802 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780615663463

Crowdsourcing" is the use of large groups of individuals to perform tasks commonly performed by employees or designated agents. Many organizations are attempting to tap into the crowd's productivity and knowledge, however, we know little about the strategic use of the crowd to meet specific organizational needs. Based on a review of literature, interviews with practitioners, and exploratory case studies, a framework matching organizational need to key characteristics of the crowd is presented. The theoretical contribution of this study is the development of a framework from which researchers can begin to further define key uses and characteristics associated with the phenomenon of crowdsourcing. Its contribution to practice is the development of preliminary guidelines for matching the right crowd to the right job.

关键词： crowdsourcing framework distributed knowledge diversity innovation knowledge capture marketing productivity

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Assessing dual language learners of Spanish and English: Development of the QUILS: ES

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Revista de Logopedia, Foniatria y Audiologia 2021年第4期41卷 183-196页

作者： de Villiers, Jill Iglesias, Aquiles Golinkoff, Roberta Hirsh-Pasek, Kathy Wilson, Mary Sweig Nandakumar, Ratna Smith College United States University of Delaware United States Temple University United States University of Vermont United States

Introduction and objectives: Developing a language screener for Dual Language Learners presents numerous challenges. We discuss possible solutions for theoretical and methodological problems often encountered in the development of such a test and illustrate possible solutions using a newly developed language screener for Dual Language Learners. Materials and methods: The process for developing, validating and norming the screener is also offered as a potential model for the development of other assessments for Dual Language Learners throughout the world. The twelve types of subtests are in three categories: Vocabulary, Syntax, and Process. Results and conclusions: Results from the Tryout and Norming phase on 362 Dual Language Learners aged 3–5;11 years are presented, together with the results of item selection via IRT, validity, and reliability testing. The advantage of using Best Scores is highlighted as a useful measure to identify children who are at risk for language difficulties that will impact their academic success. Importantly, knowledge is found to be distributed across the languages. © 2020 Elsevier España, S.L.U. y Asociación Española de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología e Iberoamericana de Fonoaudiología

关键词： Best scores distributed knowledge Dual language learners Pre-school Process Screener

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Which Boundary Objects are Applicable to Service Innovation? A Dynamic Capability Perspective

Which Boundary Objects are Applicable to Service Innovation?...

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47th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences

作者： Malsbender, Andrea Plattfaut, Ralf Niehaves, Bjoern Becker, Joerg Univ Munster ERCIS Munster Germany Hertie Sch Governance Berlin Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781479925049

Service Innovation has become a focal point of attention for managers. Hence, organizations need to implement a convenient innovation strategy to remain competitive in constantly changing market environments. To identify, design and implement possible service innovation, organizations already successfully cooperate with external partners, suppliers, customers or internally through different functional departments. In so doing, organizational boundaries occur with respect to unequally distributed knowledge. This disparity needs to be overcome by spanning different groups through technology. In this article, we analyze what kind of IT artifact, so called boundary object, can be used within a service innovation. To this end, we conduct an empirical investigation in 500 German SMEs with the aim of identifying suitable boundary objects for each stage of a service innovation process. Drawing from the dynamic capability and boundary spanning theory we identify four boundary object types and reveal an insufficient utilization of them.

关键词： business data processing organisational aspects small-to-medium enterprises German SME boundary objects boundary spanning theory different functional departments distributed knowledge dynamic capability perspective innovation strategy market environments organizational boundaries service innovation service innovation process Collaboration Databases Market opportunities Organizations Sensors Standards organizations Technological innovation Boundary Objects Dynamic Capabilites Service Innovation

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Working knowledge, uncertainty and ontological politics: An ethnography of UK long covid clinics

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SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2024年第8期46卷 1881-1900页

作者： Greenhalgh, Trisha Darbyshire, Julie Ladds, Emma Van Dael, Jackie Rayner, Clare Univ Oxford Nuffield Dept Primary Care Hlth Sci Oxford England

Long covid (persistent COVID-19) is a new disease with contested aetiology and variable prognosis. We report a 2-year ethnography of UK long covid clinics. Using a preformative lens, we show that multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) built working knowledge based on shared practices, mutual trust, distributed cognition (e.g. emails, record entries), relational knowledge of what was at stake for the patient, and harnessing uncertainty to open new discursive spaces. Most long covid MDTs performed the working knowledge of 'rehabilitation', a linked set of practices oriented to ensuring that the patient understood and strove to 'correct' maladaptive physiological responses (e.g. through breathing exercises) and pursued recovery goals, supported by physiotherapists, psychologists and generalist clinicians. Some MDTs with a higher proportion of doctors (e.g. cardiologists, neurologists, immunologists) enacted the working knowledge of 'microscopic damage', seeking to elucidate and rectify long covid's underlying molecular and cellular pathology. They justified non-standard investigations and medication in selected patients by co-constructing an evidentiary narrative based on biological mechanisms. Working knowledge was ontologically concordant within MDTs but sometimes discordant between MDTs. Overt ontological conflict occurred mostly when patients attending 'rehabilitation' clinics invoked the working knowledge of microscopic damage that had been generated and circulated in online support communities.

关键词： COVID-19 distributed knowledge long covid multidisciplinary teams ontological politics working knowledge

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knowledge Modeling, Management and Utilization towards Next Generation Web

Knowledge Modeling, Management and Utilization towards Next ...

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19th European-Japanese Conference on Information Modelling and knowledge Bases (EJC)

作者： Kidawara, Yutaka Zettsu, Koji Kiyoki, Yasushi Jannaschk, Kai Thalheim, Bernhard Linna, Petri Jaakkola, Hannu Duzi, Marie NICT Knowledge Clustered Grp 3-5 Hikaridai Seika Kyoto Japan Keio Univ Fac Environm & Informat Studies Fujisawa Kanagawa Japan Christian Albrechts Univ Kiel Dept Comp Sci D-24098 Kiel Germany Tampere Univ Technol Dept Software Engn FIN-28101 Pori Finland VSB Tech Univ Ostrava Ostrava 70833 Czech Republic

ISBN: (纸本)9781607504771;9781607500896

Nowadays, large amounts of Web contents are being distributed on the Internet. Conventional search engines are not useful for analyzing the relations between related knowledge since a number of Web contents may indicate a similar concept by different words. Users search Web pages for different purposes, such as for education, for accessing information on current affairs, or for gaining knowledge. We believe that the next-generation Web connects each page with not only conventional hyper links but also knowledge links. The knowledge link has to be created by novel knowledge processing technologies. The technologies consist of knowledge gathering, storage, and delivery technologies. In this study, we discuss novel knowledge modeling, management, distribution, and analysis technologies. All these technologies are essential to build the next-generation Web, named knowledge Web.

关键词： knowledge Web model-driven development knowledge grid TIL distributed knowledge agent reasoning global risk management

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The Technological Singularity as the Emergence of a Collective Consciousness: An Anthropological Perspective

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Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society 2020年第1-2期40卷 15-27页

作者： O’Lemmon, Matthew Thammasat University Rangsit Thailand

The technological singularity is popularly envisioned as a point in time when (a) an explosion of growth in artificial intelligence (AI) leads to machines becoming smarter than humans in every capacity, even gaining consciousness in the process;or (b) humans become so integrated with AI that we could no longer be called human in the traditional sense. This article argues that the technological singularity does not represent a point in time but a process in the ongoing construction of a collective consciousness. Innovations from the earliest graphic representations to the present reduced the time it took to transmit information, reducing the cognitive space between individuals. The steady pace of innovations ultimately led to the communications satellite, fast-tracking this collective consciousness. The development of AI in the late 1960s has been the latest innovation in this process, increasing the speed of information while allowing individuals to shape events as they happen. © The Author(s) 2020.

关键词： cognition collective consciousness distributed knowledge spatial compression technological singularity

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Automatic Mobile Diagnostic System for Collaborative Patients Based on Data Migration and Users Experiences

Automatic Mobile Diagnostic System for Collaborative Patient...

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Mediterranean Conference on Information and Communication Technologies (MedCT)

作者： Taitai, Achraf Ezziyyani, Mostafa Cherrat, Loubna Soumaya, El Mamoune Abdelmalek Essaadi Univ Lab Math & Applicat Tangier Morocco

ISBN: (纸本)9783319302980;9783319302966

The knowledge extraction is an interactive and iterative process of analyzing a mass of raw data with the aim of extracting distributed knowledge, usable and adaptable to a given situation and profile. In the perspectives of implementing a medical knowledge extraction system, we present in this paper the study, design and development of an incremental knowledge base for medical diagnosis based on decision trees. The knowledge results from shared experiences, by connected users to the system, produce a base of incremental knowledge improved gradually for every new experience of various users. We are interested in the construction process of knowledge allowing the exchange and the adaptation of the shared results according to the user profile. Our solution includes an automatic verification system to the knowledge base in order to validate user experiences. It also helps to promote the most profitable and reliable experiences, giving users more choices and options for a safe operating procedures.

关键词： knowledge extraction distributed knowledge Incremental knowledge base User experiences

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WHY (SOME) knowledge IS THE PROPERTY OF A COMMUNITY AND POSSIBLY NONE OF ITS MEMBERS

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PHILOSOPHICAL QUARTERLY 2015年第260期65卷 417-441页

作者： Miller, Boaz Hebrew Univ Jerusalem IL-91905 Jerusalem Israel Bar Ilan Univ IL-52100 Ramat Gan Israel

Mainstream analytic epistemology regards knowledge as the property of individuals, rather than groups. Drawing on insights from the reality of knowledge production and dissemination in the sciences, I argue, from within the analytic framework, that this view is wrong. I defend the thesis of 'knowledge-level justification communalism', which states that at least some knowledge, typically knowledge obtained from expert testimony, is the property of a community and possibly none of its individual members, in that only the community or some members of it collectively possess knowledge-level justification for its individual members' beliefs. I address several objections that individuals, qua individuals, have or are able to acquire knowledge-level justification for all the beliefs they obtain from expert testimony. I argue that the problem I identify with individualism is invariant under any specific account of justification, internalist or externalist.

关键词： testimony expertise extendedness hypothesis epistemic communities distributed knowledge

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The Many Faces of Closure and Introspection An Interactive Perspective

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JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHICAL LOGIC 2013年第1期42卷 91-124页

作者： Allo, Patrick Vrije Univ Brussel Ctr Log & Philosophy Sci Brussels Belgium Sci Fdn FWO Vlaanderen Brussels Belgium Univ Oxford IEG Oxford England

In this paper I present a more refined analysis of the principles of deductive closure and positive introspection. This analysis uses the expressive resources of logics for different types of group knowledge, and discriminates between aspects of closure and computation that are often conflated. The resulting model also yields a more fine-grained distinction between implicit and explicit knowledge, and places Hintikka's original argument for positive introspection in a new perspective.

关键词： Closure Common knowledge Deductive omniscience distributed knowledge Epistemic logic Introspection Knowability

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No trade under rational expectations in economy - A multi-modal logic approach

No trade under rational expectations in economy - A multi-mo...

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International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications (ICCSA 2004)

作者： Matsuhisa, T Ibaraki Natl Coll Technol Dept Liberal Arts & Sci Hitachinaka Ibaraki 3128508 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)3540220577

We investigate a pure exchange economy under uncertainty with emphasis on the logical point of view;the traders are assumed to have a multi-modal logic with non-partition information structure. We propose a pure exchange economy epsilon(KT) for the multi-modal logic KT, and extend the notion of rational expectations equilibrium for the economy. We characterize welfare under the generalized rational expectations equilibrium, and we show the no trade theorem: If the initial endowment allocation is ex-ante Pareto optimal then there exists no other rational expectations equilibrium for any price in the economy.

关键词： no trade theorem distributed knowledge multi-modal logics exchange economy under uncertainty rational expectations equilibrium

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