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2018 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation, ICE/ITMC 2018

作者： Burkhardt, Daniel Werling, Maximilian Lasi, Heiner Ferdinand Steinbeis Institute FSTI Stuttgart Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781538614693

distributed ledger (DL) has gained huge attention in the last years and will shift the conduction of business in the future. Until today, because of the great dynamics in the field a systematic approach to structure and define the field of DL does not exist. This led to a heterogeneous landscape of DL definitions and thus, misleading discussions. This paper gives a systematic overview of principles relevant to understand and structure the DL field. Furthermore, based on this it describes DL concepts and shows examples of protocols. The result can then be used for further research but also as a basis for successful collaborations in the field of DL. © 2018 IEEE.

关键词： distributed ledger

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EPPDL: An efficient privacy-preserving distributed ledger for digital asset transfer in Web3.0

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FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ESCIENCE 2025年 167卷

作者： Ma, Lichuan Zhou, Lu Huang, Hang Qu, Youyang Liu, Xuefeng Xidian Univ State Key Lab Integrated Serv Networks 2 South Taibai Rd Xian 710071 Shaanxi Peoples R China Shaanxi Key Lab Blockchain & Secure Comp 2 South Taibai Rd Xian 710071 Shaanxi Peoples R China CSIRO Data61 Res Way Clayton Vic 3168 Australia

Nowadays, anew generation of decentralized internet framework, coined as Web3.0, is emerging. However, due to the insufficient computing power on the user side and the know-your-customer regulatory requirements, it is unrealistic to fully achieve decentralization in Web3.0 currently. The service provider-intermediated architecture seems more practical by including federated service providers. At the same time, in order to fully stimulate users to create and share contents in the era of Web3.0, the importance of digital assets, e.g., digit tokens and cryptocurrencies, is increasing. Asa result, whether digital asset transfer can be securely and efficiently accommodated determines the further development of Web3.0. Blockchain is believed to be one effective solution to guarantee the security of digital asset transfer. However, existing works either target fully decentralized scenarios or fail to settle digital asset transfers with high efficiency. Thus in this paper, a formal yet novel service provider-intermediated architecture is firstly proposed to closely align with the practical requirements of Web3.0. Then, an efficient privacy-preserving distributed ledger construction protocol, coined as EPPDL, is proposed to safeguard digital asset transfer among users registered at different service providers. Concrete security analysis proves that the proposed EPPDL is secure against different types of adversaries, while comprehensive experiments verify its efficiency and effectiveness.

关键词： Web3.0 Privacy preserving distributed ledger Blockchain

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A Fair and Efficient Transactive Energy Trading Framework Hosting distributed ledger Technology

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS 2025年第4期21卷 2977-2986页

作者： Chabok, Hossein Moeini, Ali Kamwa, Innocent Laval Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Quebec City PQ G1V 0A6 Canada Hydroquebec Res Inst Dept Power Syst Simulat & Evolut Varennes PQ J3X 1S1 Canada

Blockchain technology (BT) is considered a proven secure platform for financial affairs. However, its applicability as an irrefutable attack-resistive platform for securing peer-to-peer (P2P) networks is a matter of debate among researchers. In this regard, this article concentrates on using the BT for securing fully P2P networks. A new fair and energy-efficient method is presented for consensus achievement in the blockchain layer for fully P2P transactive energy systems. Also, a new product differentiator index is represented in this article for bilateral trading among the agents that is more compatible with the security layer. Finally, a self-adaptive-self-tuning fast alternating direction method of multipliers distributed algorithm is presented to clear the P2P market. Results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed BT's consensus method in terms of fairness and energy efficiency compared to the proof-of-stake and proof-of-work consensus methods and its attack resistivity against Sybil attack and 51% attack.

关键词： Peer-to-peer computing Blockchains Security distributed ledger Transactive energy Reactive power Mathematical models Informatics Distribution networks Smart grids Blockchain technology consensus method peer-to-peer (P2P) networks transactive energy

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Survey of distributed ledger Technology (DLT) for Secure and Scalable Computing

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IEEE ACCESS 2025年 13卷 8393-8415页

作者： Savadatti, Shreya Girish Krishnamoorthy, Shruthi Delhibabu, Radhakrishnan Vellore Inst Technol Sch Comp Sci & Engn Vellore 632014 India

distributed ledger Technology (DLT), encompassing blockchain and similar decentralized systems, is revolutionizing secure and scalable computing. This paper comprehensively surveys DLT, highlighting its core principles, cloud integration and enhanced data security/scalability. It examines various DLT systems, advanced consensus mechanisms and Layer 2 solutions to address scalability. It explores DLT's innovative use cases in finance, healthcare, supply chains and IoT, emphasizing advantages and challenges. It also delves into DLT's regulatory landscape, addressing compliance, data privacy and governance, while assessing the potential for regulatory clarity and international cooperation. The paper aims to guide researchers and practitioners navigating DLT's evolving landscape, underscoring its transformative potential for secure and scalable computing in the digital age.

关键词： distributed ledger Blockchains Security Scalability Cryptography Surveys Consensus protocol Computational modeling Cloud computing Throughput Blockchain cloud computing integration distributed ledger technology (DLT) DLT integration scalable computing secure computing

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ALLC: autonomous lightweight distributed ledger constructor for securing IoT information

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Computing 2025年第3期107卷 1-30页

作者： Abo-Soliman, Mohamed Shaaban, Eman Emara, Karim Faculty of Computer and Information Sciences Ain Shams University Cairo11566 Egypt

Applying distributed ledger Technologies to securely manage intercommunicated data between IoT applications has recently been adopted on an enormous scale. They enable data integrity, privacy, and robustness to public, open, permission-less P2P networks. Voting-based consensus algorithms proved high efficiency even with limited computing and less power IoT devices. Moreover, they can identify legitimate information and isolate malicious attackers through repetitive voting queries to adjacent peers asking their opinions about the validity of each transaction. Several lightweight validation models are introduced to enrich IoT networks with better performance and higher security. Nevertheless, the current algorithms struggle to find adequate parameters that balance network security and operability, in addition to balancing fairness in distributed environments. This paper introduces an Autonomous Lightweight ledger Constructor to resolve common defects and threats. Based on Reinforcement Learning, it can dynamically construct a valid distributed ledger in limited-computing systems under several adversarial conditions. The validity of transactions in this approach is calculated based on their cumulative weights and the issuer’s reputation, which are inferred subjectively by a lightweight Bayesian-like function. A new simulator is developed to evaluate ALLC performance and security. The experimental results demonstrate reasonable performance and high resistance against known compromises targeting distributed ledger Technologies. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： distributed ledger

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On the Stability of DAG-Based distributed ledger with Heterogeneous Delays 11th

On the Stability of DAG-Based Distributed Ledger with Hetero...

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11th International Conference on Network Games, Control and Optimization

作者： Rejeb, Hajer Reiffers-Masson, Alexandre IMT Atlantique Lab STICC UMR CNRS 6285 F-29238 Brest France

ISBN: (纸本)9783031785993;9783031786006

Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) are an appealing design for distributed ledger (DL) architectures. Specifically, DAG-based DLs offer valuable benefits compared to blockchains, such as improved scalability, lightweight consensus mechanisms and lower transaction costs. However, due to the communication delays and distributed nature of the DL, some transactions may remain unapproved. Previous works have provided bounds on the expected number of unapproved transactions when the transactions selection strategy is uniform. Still, a transaction should be preferably validated by multiple nodes so as to increase the trust in the ledger. In this paper, we introduce a bound on the expected number of transactions that are approved by at most one node. For this purpose, we define a new stochastic model based on stochastic sets, which captures the evolution of DAG-based DL. The proposed model enables us to establish a quadratic bound on the drift in the number of tips. We then demonstrate that the expected volume of transactions validated by at most one node is bounded. These results indicate that the occurrence of large volume of transactions validated by at most one node happens with sufficiently low probability.

关键词： distributed ledger DAG-based distributed ledger Stochastic Process

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Integrating distributed ledger Technologies Into Data Spaces: An Architectural Pattern 6th

Integrating Distributed Ledger Technologies Into Data Spaces...

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6th International Congress on Blockchain and Applications, BLOCKCHAIN 2024

作者： Ranathunga, Tharindu Bharti, Sourabh McGibney, Alan Munster Technological University Cork Ireland

ISBN: (纸本)9783031819278

This paper explores the integration of distributed ledger Technologies (DLT) with the International Data Spaces Association (IDSA) architecture, aimed at enhancing decentralised governance, traceability and provenance of data spaces. A DLT-based overlay and gateway-based integration pattern for IDSA components is introduced. The proposed approach addresses challenges related to integration and interoperability across multiple DLTs as well as the complexity of ensuring data integrity. The contributions include streamlined DLT integration, a novel transaction model for polyglot persistence, and an innovative method for managing the IDSA information model on a Blockchain. The paper concludes by identifying future research directions, focusing on architectural scalability, decentralization, security, and DLT applications within the IDSA architecture © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： distributed ledger

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Architectural Design for Autonomous Oracles in distributed ledger Environments 6th

Architectural Design for Autonomous Oracles in Distributed...

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6th International Congress on Blockchain and Applications, BLOCKCHAIN 2024

作者： Valdeolmillos Villaverde, Diego San Román Guzmán, Agustín Álvarez López, Carlos Alaejos, Lidia Chamoso, Pablo BISITE Research Group University of Salamanca Edificio I+D+i Calle Espejo 2 Castile and León Salamanca37007 Spain AIR Institute - Deep tech lab IoT Digital Innovation Hub Avenue Santiago Madrigal 39 Castile and León Salamanca37003 Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9783031819278

We present a novel architectural framework for oracles in distributed ledger Technology (DLT), crafted to enhance the interaction between smart contracts and external data sources. Oracles play a crucial role in bridging the deterministic nature of blockchains and the dynamic external environment, enabling smart contracts to access real-world data required for their execution. Our architecture introduces a modular design, consolidating data storage and processing to enhance scalability and security throughout the system. The architecture facilitates autonomous task execution crucial for real-time smart contract functionality, activated by customizable conditions to accommodate various use cases ranging from decentralized finance to supply chain management. To promote decentralization and enhance fault tolerance, we recommend establishing oracle networks that utilize robust consensus mechanisms for data consistency and security. Security measures embedded in our framework involve the incorporation of advanced encryption, isolated operational modules, and the utilization of private nodes to safeguard against data tampering and unauthorized access. These tactics safeguard the integrity of data transactions and the dependability of the oracle network. Our proposal aims to increase the significance of oracles within DLT settings, with the goal of promoting broader acceptance and effectiveness in operations. The proposed architectural approach is positioned to offer a solid positioning for the progression of decentralized applications, guaranteeing the safe and dependable incorporation of external data into blockchain ecosystems. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： distributed ledger

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distributed ledger and Text Watermarking for Fine-Grain Provenance Checking of Textual Content 25

Distributed Ledger and Text Watermarking for Fine-Grain Prov...

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Companion Proceedings of the ACM on Web Conference 2025

作者： Flavio Bertini Alessandro Benetton Danilo Montesi Department of Mathematical Physical and Computer Sciences University of Parma Parma Italy Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Bologna Bologna Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9798400713316

Information disorder has become a major societal challenge, impacting public discourse and democracy. This phenomenon has been exacerbated by the spread of social media platforms, affecting various areas, ranging from national elections to public health. Addressing fake news through a manual approach (e.g., human fact-checking) is unfeasible due to the rapid production of textual content. At the same time, applying automatic tools is equally challenging, primarily due to the ambiguity of natural language. In this paper, we addressed online information disorder from a different perspective by proposing a platform that supports trustworthy and reputable news producers and enhances awareness among readers across various social media. Specifically, the proposed platform enables news producers to automatically embed a unique watermark in the text they create, ensuring that the news cannot be manipulated or misattributed. The watermarking is embedded in a fine-grained way, allowing even small extracts of the news to be shared while preserving traceability. Additionally, the association between the watermark and the news item is recorded in a distributed ledger, preventing further manipulation that could arise from centralised management. The aim is to enable readers to make more informed decisions about the content they encounter, even when engaging with excerpts of the original document, minimising reliance on external fact-checking organisations.

关键词： distributed ledger

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Efficient Off-chain Data Feed Mechanism Using a Novel Blockchain Oracle Network Combined with Directed Acyclic Graph-distributed ledger

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IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering 2025年

作者： Feng, Libo Zhu, Hongyu Yu, Bei Yao, Shaowen Yunnan University Department of Software Kunming650600 China

Smart contracts were introduced as autonomous programs running across a blockchain network. To solve the difficulty that smart contracts on the blockchain cannot interact with the real world, some blockchain oracle implementation schemes have been proposed. However, the existing data feed schemes still cannot meet the demand of off-chain intensive data feed. This paper introduces a directed acyclic graph (DAG)-distributed ledger into the blockchain oracle data feed scheme, to propose a DAG-distributed ledger-based decentralized oracle network (DDON) framework. The lightweight DAG consensus mechanism ensures data integrity and significantly reduces the entry of valueless information into the DDON, ultimately generating deterministic data. The proposed DAG structure enables the processing of transactions in a parallel manner and accelerates the efficiency of data feeds. It also enables the feeding of historical data. In addition, an off-chain data feed mechanism is designed for off-chain intensive streaming data feeds through the proposed oracle network, to separate data feeds from data fetches and improve the efficiency of feeding multiple requests. The evaluation results and discussions demonstrate that the proposed framework reduces the response time for every smart contract request and is more efficient and flexible than other mainstream oracle data feed services. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： distributed ledger

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