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A Dynamic Load Balancing Mechanism for distributed systems

Journal of Computer Science & Technology 1996年第3期11卷 195-207页

作者：蓝有然 Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science University of Missouri Columbia U.S.A.

It is desirable in a distributed system to have the system load balanced evenly among the nodes so that the mean job response time is minimized. In this paper, we present.a dynamic load balancing mechanism (DLB). It adopts a centralized approach and is network topology independent. The DLB mechanism employs a set of thresholds which are automatically adjusted as the system load changes. lt also provides a simple mechanism for the system to switch between periodic and instantaneous load balancing policies with ease. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by intensive simulations for various parameters. The simulAtion results show that the mean job response time in a system implementing DLB algorithm is significantly lower than the same system without load balancings. Furthermore, compared with a previously proposed algorithm, DLB algorithm demonstrates improved performance, especially when the system is heavily loaded and the load is unevenly distributed.

关键词： distributed computing load balancing,centralized scheduling,homogeneous distributed system distributed operating system

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The RHODOS DSM system

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MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROsystemS 1998年第3-4期22卷 183-196页

作者： Silcock, J Goscinski, A Deakin Univ Sch Comp & Math Geelong Vic 3217 Australia

The RHODOS distributed Shared Memory (DSM) system forms an easy to program (using sequential programming skills without a need to learn DSM concepts) and transparent environment, and provides high performance computational services. This system also allows programmers to use either the sequential or release consistency model for the shared memory. These attributes have been achieved by integrating DSM into the RHODOS distributed operating system rather than putting it on top of an existing operating system, as have other researchers. In this paper we report on the development of a DSM system integrated into RHODOS and how it supports programmers;the programming of three applications to demonstrate ease of programming;and the results of running these three applications using the two different consistency protocols. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.

关键词： DSM consistency write-update write-invalidate distributed operating system performance

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COMMUNICATION AND SYNCHRONIZATION PRIMITIVES FOR distributed PROGRAMS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 1985年第4期11卷 396-416页

作者： NATARAJAN, N TATA INST FUNDAMENTAL RES NATL CTR SOFTWARE DEV & COMP TECHNBOMBAY 400005INDIA

A design is presented of communication and synchronization primitives for distributed programs. The primitives are constructed so that they can be provided by a kernel of a distributed operating system. A crucial feature of the design is that the configuration of a process - that is, identities of processes with which the process communicates - is specified separately from the computation performed by the process. This allows simple configuration and reconfiguration of processes. Different types of communication failures are identified, and distinct mechanisms for handling them are developed. The communication primitives are not atomic actions. To allow the construction of atomic actions, 2 new program components - atomic agent and manager - are introduced. These components are devoid of policy decisions regarding concurrency control and atomic commitment. The idea of conflicts relation is introduced; using this notion, a designer can build either an optimistic or a pessimistic concurrency control scheme. The proposed design also incorporates primitives for constructing nested atomic actions.

关键词： Port Atomic Action Communication Failure Computing Agent distributed operating system distributed Piogram distributed system Kernel

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DISTRIBUTION AND ABSTRACT TYPES IN EMERALD

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 1987年第1期13卷 65-76页

作者： BLACK, A HUTCHINSON, N JUL, E LEVY, H CARTER, L IBM CORP THOMAS J WATSON RES CTRYORKTOWN HTSNY 10598

The complexity of distributed applications is compounded by the lack of programming language support for distribution. Emerald is proposed as a solution. It is an object-based language for programming distributed subsystems and applications, whose innovative features include: 1. a single object model that is used both for programming in the small and in the large, 2. support for abstract types, and 3. an explicit notion of object location and mobility. An attempt is made to outline the goals of Emerald, relate it to previous work, and describe its type system and distribution support. By supporting abstract types, Emerald recognizes that a particular abstraction will often be implemented in several ways. This permits a system to evolve and allows the coexistence of multiple compiler-generated implementations that take advantage of distribution and locality. In addition, the concept of object mobility and call-by-move means call-by-reference semantics can be employed uniformly at all interobject interfaces, thus simplifying the construction and reconfiguration of distributed applications.

关键词： Abstract data types distributed operating system distributed programming object-oriented programming process migration type checking

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WAVE SCHEDULING - DECENTRALIZED SCHEDULING OF TASK FORCES IN MULTICOMPUTERS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS 1984年第9期33卷 835-844页

作者： VANTILBORG, AM WITTIE, LD SUNY STONY BROOK DEPT COMP SCISTONY BROOKNY 11794

Decentralized operating systems that control large multicomputers need techniques to schedule competing parallel programs called task forces. Wave scheduling is a probabilistic technique that uses a hierarchical distributed virtual machine to schedule task forces by recursively subdividing and issuing wave❉-like commands to processing elements capable of executing individual tasks. Wave scheduling is highly resistant to processing element failures because it uses many distributed schedulers that dynamically assign scheduling responsibilities among themselves. The scheduling technique is trivially extensible as more processing elements join the host multicomputer. A simple model of scheduling cost is used by every scheduler node to distribute scheduling activity and minimize wasted processing capacity by using perceived workload to vary decentralized scheduling rules. At low to moderate levels of network activity, wave scheduling is only slightly less efficient than a central scheduler in its ability to direct processing elements to accomplish useful work.

关键词： Decentralized scheduling distributed operating system multicomputer parallel scheduling task forces

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FRAMEWORK FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF COOPERATIVE SERVICES IN distributed CLIENT-SERVER systemS

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COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS 1992年第4期15卷 261-269页

作者： NEHMER, J MATTERN, F UNIV SAARLAND DEPT COMP SCIW-6600 SAARBRUCKENGERMANY

A framework for the organization of services in distributed operating systems according to the client-server model is presented. Our approach is based on a clear separation of the concepts of services and servers. It is argued that clients need an interface to services rather than to individual servers. A service is a structure which provides clients with a well-defined functionality with selectable quality. Services are realized by a set of collaborating servers. The proposed framework for the service organization is based on the notion that a service layer is established between the operating system kernel and client-server objects. We demonstrate that this approach supports the development of truly transparent distributed services which hide the server topology from both clients and servers, and which encapsulate non-functional properties of services in cooperation protocols located within the service layer.

关键词： distributed operating system TRANSPARENCY CLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURE SERVICE LAYER

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Design of a Message-based Inter-process Communication Method for Multi-CPU Embedded systems

Design of a Message-based Inter-process Communication Method...

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1st International Workshop on Education Technology and Computer Science

作者： Liu Peng Ding Enjie Zhang Ke Wang Ke CUMT Sch Comp Sci & Technol Xuzhou 221116 Jiangsu Prov Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769535579

Firstly, the typical architecture of embedded systems with multiple CPUs is introduced. Then, a method of the message-based inter-process communication (EPC) in the distributed operating system for such multi-CPU embedded systems is presented. At last, it compares this IPC method with other IPC methods in normal distributed operating systems.

关键词： Embedded system Multi-CPU distributed operating system Message-based IPC

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Split Objects For Multiconsistent Shared Memory

Split Objects For Multiconsistent Shared Memory

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2nd International Conference on Computer Engineering and Applications

作者： Kaemmer, N. Schmidt, P. Gerhold, S. Schmitt, T. Schulthess, P. Univ Ulm Inst Distributed Syst Ulm Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780769539829

distributed systems with shared memory and more than one consistency model for shared data are often restricted in use or inflexible for programmers. This paper describes details of our transactional distributed memory system, that provides several consistency models for shared memory. To this end Rainbow OS implements so-called split objects guaranteeing the integrity of heap structures and providing several consistency models for data.

关键词： transactional distributed memory split object multiconsistency memory management distributed operating system

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MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT-SUPPORT OF distributed systemS 1st

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1ST EUROPEAN WORKSHOP ON PROGRESS IN distributed operating systemS AND distributed systemS MANAGEMENT

作者： HABAN, D WYBRANIETZ, D BARAK, A International Computer Science Institute 1947 Center Street Berkeley 94704 CA United States Depaament of Computer Science University of Kaiserslautem Kaiserslautem D-6750 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)3540526099

This paper describes a tool for on-line monitoring of distributed systems. The tool consists of a hardware component and software level, i.e., a hybrid monitor, which is capable of presenting the interactive user and the local operating system with a high-level information and performance evaluation of the activities in the host system with minimal interferences. A special hardware support, which consists of a test and measurement processor (FMP), was designed and has been implemented in the nodes of an experimental multicomputer system. The main function of the TMP is to execute software for monitoring the local system behavior and to measure the performance of both the resident operating system and the application software. The TMP can also be used to execute low level operating system functions, to manage local resources and to trigger time driven events in order to reduce the overhead of the host operating system. The operations of the TMP are completely transparent to the users with a minimal, less than 0.1%, overhead to the hardware system. In the experimental system, all the TMPs were connected with a central monitoring station, using an independent communication network, in order to provide a global view of the monitored system. The central monitoring station displays the resulting information in easy-to-read charts and graphs. Our experience with the TMP shows that it promotes an improved understanding of run-time behavior and performance measurements, to derive qualitative and quantitative assessments of distributed systems. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1990.

关键词： distributed operating system distributed systems Events Graphical display Load balancing Management Measuring Multicomputer Real-time monitoring User interface

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AN ARCHITECTURE FOR SUPPORT OF NETWORK operating system SERVICES

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COMPUTER NETWORKS AND ISDN systemS 1980年第1期4卷 33-49页

作者： WATSON, RW FLETCHER, JG Lawrence Livermore Laboratory P.O. Box 808 Livermore California 94550 USA

This paper argues that network architectures should be designed with the explicit purpose of creating a coherent network operating system (NOS). The resulting NOS must be capable of efficient implementation as the base (native) operating system on a given machine or machines, or of being layered on top of existing operating systems as a guest system. The goals and elements of a network architecture to support a NOS are outlined. This architecture consists of a NOS model and three layers of protocol: an interprocess communication (IPC) layer, with an end-end protocol and lower sub-layer protocols as needed to support reliable uninterpreted message communication; a service support layer (SSL), abstracting logical structures and needs common to most services, including naming, protection, request/reply structure, and data-type translation, error control; and a layer of standard services, (file, directory, terminal, process, clock, etc.).

关键词： Network operating system distributed operating system Protocols Network Architecture distributed Computing

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