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Utilizing distributed Circuit Topology Techniques to Achieve Greater Power Handling for High Power Impedance Matching RF Applications

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES 2025年

作者： Roessler, Justin Egbert, Austin Van Hoosier, Trevor Baylis, Charles Peroulis, Dimitrios Marks II, Robert J. Baylor Univ Dept Wireless & Microwave Circuits & Syst WMCS Waco TX 76706 USA Purdue Univ Sch Elect & Comp Engn W Lafayette IN 47907 USA

With many midband spectrum reallocations for fifth-generation (5G) wireless communications causing a congested spectrum, flexibility in high-power transmitter system operating frequency is needed while maintaining transmission range. Reconfigurable impedance tuners can provide versatile power-amplifier load matching as operating frequency changes to maintain maximum transmission range. A reconfigurable impedance tuner for a high-power transmitter should possess minimal loss, broad Smith Chart coverage, fast reconfigurability, and high-power handling. A periodic capacitor-loaded, distributed, switched-network topology can gradually match the input to the output, reducing spatial voltage and current variations. The reduced variations result in lower maximum branch currents providing higher power handling while maintaining Smith Chart coverage, tuner loss, and real-time switching speeds. This technique is applied for the first time, to our knowledge, toward increasing the power handling of reconfigurable matching networks. Reconfiguration to maintain performance will enable frequency agility in systems with high-power transmitters, such as radars, long-distance communications, and point-to-point communications, enabling spectral coexistence capabilities. A measurement-validated EM simulation demonstrates that a realizable, distributed-circuit impedance tuner, operating from 1 to 2 GHz, achieves at least a 2.1 times increase in worst-case power handling over all frequencies and states compared to a lumped circuit (nondistributed) impedance tuner. This 2.1 times improvement is achieved with similar Smith Chart coverage, only a 9.9% increase in average tuner loss when using a rather lossy switch, a flatter loss response over frequency, and a 34.8% reduction in maximum branch currents. The distributed circuit technique will enable real-time impedance tuners to be integrated with high-power cognitive transmitter systems, enabling maximum transmission range while providing f

关键词： Impedance Tuners Switches Transmitters Power transmission lines Impedance matching Circuit topology Time-frequency analysis Radar Bandwidth Adaptive systems distributed parameter circuits impedance matching switched capacitor circuits tunable circuits and devices

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Comments and Corrections Comments on Theory of Optimum Taper for Distortionless Pulse Transmission

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES 2025年

作者： Sinha, Rakesh Das, Sankhadeep Natl Inst Technol Rourkela Dept Elect Engn Rourkela 769008 Odisha India

In the above paper, Chatterjee and De proposed a theory to design an optimum impedance taper for distortion-less Gaussian pulse transmission. In general, the impedance tapers are designed to maximize the power transmission over a wide frequency range between two lines of different impedances. However, it is impossible to match two different impedance lines around dc or zero frequency. As most of the energy of a Gaussian pulse is concentrated around zero frequency, it is impossible to send a Gaussian pulse through an impedance taper without any distortion. The design proposed by Chatterjee and De compromised the matching over a wide frequency range for distortion-less pulse transmission. In this comment paper, we have demonstrated the problem in detail.

关键词： Impedance Delays Bandwidth Mathematical models Impedance matching Reflection coefficient Power transmission lines distributed parameter circuits Distortion Differential equations Distortion-less pulse transmission group delay impedance matching impedance taper nonuniform transmission line

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On Forward and Backward Modes in 1D Periodic Bounded Structures

IEEE JOURNAL OF MICROWAVES

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IEEE JOURNAL OF MICROWAVES 2024年第4期4卷 690-705页

作者： Zetterstrom, Oskar Rodriguez-Berral, Raul Mesa, Francisco Quevedo-Teruel, Oscar KTH Royal Inst Technol Div Electromagnet Engn & Fus Sci SE-10044 Stockholm Sweden Univ Seville Dept Appl Phys 1 ETS Ingn Informat Seville 41012 Spain

We discuss the issue of identifying the forward/backward nature of modes in bounded one-dimensional periodic structures. This identification is based on the possibility of adequately and uniquely defining the phase velocity in these types of structure. We propose a general definition of phase velocity for one-dimensional scalar waves and show that, according to that general definition, the voltage and current waves in nonhomogeneous lossless transmission lines with positive per-unit-length capacitance and inductance are necessarily forward waves. We analyze in detail the particular case of periodic transmission lines and question the conclusions about the forward/backward nature of their modal solutions that are traditionally drawn from the inspection of the Brillouin diagrams. Numerical results for the case of corrugated parallel-plate waveguides support the idea that all modes can be considered forward-like as long as a periodic transmission line model remains a sensible and reliable description of the problem. In more general scenarios, we show that an appropriate definition of the phase velocity can still be found for electromagnetic waves with at least one linearly polarized field and that they are also necessarily forward waves if they propagate through media with positive epsilon and mu parameters. Finally, we relate our discussion to the effective refractive index of periodic structures, highlighting that although its definition is not valid for a general periodic structure, it can be useful in many practical cases.

关键词： Periodic structures Dispersion Voltage Harmonic analysis Power transmission lines distributed parameter circuits Capacitance Passband Inductance Refractive index Dispersion diagram forward and backward modes periodic structures

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Inductive Cascaded Quadruplet With Diagonal Cross-Coupling in Rectangular Waveguide

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IEEE ACCESS 2022年 10卷 45241-45255页

作者： Cogollos, Santiago Cameron, Richard J. Guglielmi, Marco Melgarejo, Juan Carlos Boria, Vicente E. Univ Politecn Valencia Dept Comunicac Valencia 46022 Spain ComDev Europe Aylesbury HP22 5SX Bucks England Univ Politecn Valencia Inst Telecomunicac & Aplicac Multimedia iTEAM Valencia 46022 Spain Cambrian Intelligence London EC1M 7AD England

The objective of this paper is to show how inductive quadruplets with diagonal cross-couplings can be used as building blocks for filters in rectangular waveguide. Starting with the coupling matrix synthesis, we show how very general transfer functions can be easily implemented with a very simple step-by-step procedure. In addition to coupling matrix theory, we also describe distributed networks that can be effectively used to carry out the transition from coupling matrix descriptions to actual waveguide structures. Several filter design examples are also described in detail. Finally, measured results are also discussed showing excellent agreement with simulations, thereby fully validating both the new family of filter structures and the related design procedures.

关键词： Couplings Rectangular waveguides Topology Filtering theory Resonator filters Transversal filters Transfer functions Circuit synthesis coupling matrix diagonal cross-coupling distributed parameter circuits doublets filters inductive waveguide filters quadruplets space mapping

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An Efficient Model of High-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Coupling to Multiconductor Transmission Lines With the Presence of the Lossy Ground

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY 2022年第6期64卷 2261-2272页

作者： Guo, Jun Xie, Wei-Chen Xie, Yan-Zhao Tkachenko, Sergey V. Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Elect Insulat & Power Equipment Natl Ctr Int Res Transient Electromagnet & Applic Sch Elect Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China Otto von Guericke Univ Inst Fundamental Elect Engn & Electromagnet Compa D-39106 Magdeburg Germany

The modeling of the high-frequency electromagnetic field coupling to multiconductor transmission lines (MTLs) is the essential subject for the protection of power lines. When the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave is smaller than the cross sections between MTLs, the response of MTLs cannot be evaluated by the classical transmission line approximation. Even though the full-wave method can deal with this problem, it is time consuming to evaluate the response of long MTLs. This article presents a theory and an efficient method to solve the problem of the high-frequency electromagnetic field coupling to MTLs with the presence of the lossy ground. The asymptotic method, adopted for its high computational efficiency, is extended to obtain the solutions of MTLs above the lossy ground. The problem is solved semianalytically using the proposed method, which is much more computationally efficient in dealing with long MTLs. Several numerical examples are presented to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.

关键词： Electromagnetics Manganese Couplings Wires Conductors Power transmission lines Integrated circuit modeling Asymptotic approach distributed parameter circuits high-frequency electromagnetic fields multiconductor transmission lines (MTLs) transient response

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A 200-225-GHz Manifold-Coupled Multiplexer Utilizing Metal Waveguides

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES 2021年第12期69卷 5327-5333页

作者： Feng, Yinian Zhang, Bo Liu, Yang Niu, Zhongqian Dai, Bingli Fan, Yong Chen, Xiaodong Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Elect Sci & Engn Chengdu 611731 Peoples R China Queen Mary Univ London Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci London E1 4NS England

This article presents a 220-GHz four-channel, noncontiguous, and manifold-coupled waveguide multiplexer for future terahertz (THz) multichannel communication application. The multiplexer is composed of four Chebyshev bandpass filters based on metal waveguide technology. Through a unique design in which the tuning dimensional variables are reduced to 14 and a co-design of low-order electromagnetic (EM) distributed models and full-wave EM models, the design optimization is achieved with a good computational efficiency and design accuracy. The proposed multiplexer is fabricated by high-precision computer numerical control (CNC) milling technology, in which the fabrication errors are evaluated to be within +/- 3 mu\mu. The measured results exhibit 1.7 dB of in-band insertion loss and better than 15 dB of average common-port return loss for each of the channel filter. The measured results are all in good agreement with the simulated ones, thereby validating the complete design procedure.

关键词： Bandpass filter (BPF) distributed parameter circuits manifold multiplexer subterahertz (THz)

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On The Equivalent Impedance of Two-Impedance Self-Similar Ladder Networks

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON circuits AND SYSTEMS II-EXPRESS BRIEFS 2021年第7期68卷 2685-2689页

作者： Elwakil, A. S. Allagui, A. Psychalinos, C. Univ Sharjah Dept Elect Engn Sharjah U Arab Emirates Univ Calgary Dept Elect & Comp Engn Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada Univ Sharjah Dept Sustainable & Renewable Energy Engn Sharjah U Arab Emirates Florida Int Univ Dept Mech & Mat Engn Miami FL 33174 USA Univ Patras Elect Lab Phys Dept Patras 26504 Greece

Recurrent ladder network models are encountered in the analysis of many natural systems including wave propagation in transmission lines, porous electrode/electrolyte interfaces and viscoelastic (bio)materials. Here we re-visit the equivalent impedance of self-similar ladder networks composed of two arbitrary impedances recursively arranged, with the goal of correlating the behavior of the whole versus that of the part. We show that the macroscopic and microscopic scales are related via a generally complex-valued parametric scaling factor. We report on two new universal complex numbers that we denote as the Complex Golden Ratios. We also show that a lumped inductor (with its internal series resistance) or a lumped capacitor (with its parallel parasitic resistance) are actually equivalent to an infinite ladder network that involves resistors and imaginary resistors only. Finally, we show that the Cole-Davidson model, widely used in material characterization, naturally arises from the self-similar circuit ladder structure. Comparison with tree networks is also discussed.

关键词： Impedance Mathematical model Resistance Inductors Biological system modeling Resistors Immune system Circuit theory ladder networks fractional calculus distributed parameter circuits

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Research on Transmission Line based on Fused Quartz with TGV Structure

Research on Transmission Line based on Fused Quartz with TGV...

引用

International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology Proceedings

作者： Tingting Wang Shicheng Yang Xuzhou Jia Feng Wang Dangpo Wang Yaolong Gong China Academy of Space Wireless Technology Shaanxi Xi'an China

ISBN: (数字)9798350389968

ISBN: (纸本)9798350389975

This paper mainly research the manufacturing process of the fused quartz transmission line circuit. Aluminum oxide insert layer between the fused quartz and metal film could effectively improve the adhesion issue. In this paper, the aluminum oxide with the thickness of 20-30 nm is deposited by using the atomic layer deposition (ALD) process. It is discussed the effect of aluminum oxide on the performance of microwave transmission line by some experiments, as well as the effect of the adhesion issue between the fused quartz substrates and the metal. The insertion loss and return loss of fused quartz transmission line circuit under different experimental conditions were investigated by means of the vector analyzer test. The measurement results illustrate that the microwave transmission performance for the fused quartz substrates with aluminum oxide is no influenced in comparison to that without aluminum oxide. And the reliability of the transmission line circuit is improved. The insert loss (S21) @ 25 GHz is 0.16 dB/mm, which represents great potential for high frequency applications.

关键词： Microwave measurement Microwave integrated circuits Power transmission lines distributed parameter circuits Microwave circuits Transmission line measurements Propagation losses

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High-Efficient Inverse Class-F Power Amplifier Utilising Nonuniform Transmission Lines for Wireless Power Transfer

High-Efficient Inverse Class-F Power Amplifier Utilising Non...

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IEEE International Conference on Electronics, circuits and Systems (ICECS)

作者： Lukas Hussen Muh-Dey Wei Renato Negra Chair of high-frequency Electronics RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350377200

ISBN: (纸本)9798350377217

An RF power amplifier (PA) for wireless power transfer (WPT) differs from one used for communication. Particularly, a PA for WPT prioritizes efficiency over linearity. A switching-mode PA (SMPA) is thus ideal for this purpose. In this paper, we present a highly efficient inverse class-F SMPA utilizing nonuniform transmission lines (NUTLs). The load transformation network (LTN) ensures that at the fundamental frequency the optimum impedance and at the harmonics the corresponding impedances are presented to the drain of the transistor for an inverse class-F SMPA operation. A discrete 6W GaN transistor is employed in a prototype, which demonstrates a power-added efficiency of 72.7 % and a gain of 13.4 dB at 2.42 GHz. The measured second and third harmonic suppression are −38.5 dBc and −41 dBc, respectively.

关键词： Harmonics suppression distributed parameter circuits Prototypes Power amplifiers Wireless power transfer Switches Transmission line measurements Harmonic analysis Transistors Gain

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Optimum Impedance Profile of Nonuniform Transmission Lines Used for Pulsed Power Accelerators

Optimum Impedance Profile of Nonuniform Transmission Lines U...

引用

IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS)

作者： Q. Zhou The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Hong Kong China

ISBN: (数字)9798350360912

ISBN: (纸本)9798350360929

Nonuniform transmission lines (NTLs) are widely used in pulsed power accelerators because they provide an efficient way to achieve impedance matching and pulse shaping. Since pulsed power accelerators typically require substantial effort to design and build, it is important to find the optimum impedance profile that can maximize the power transmission efficiencies of the NTLs. Most previous research on the optimum impedance profile utilizes circuit simulation to compare the power transmission efficiencies between several commonly used impedance profiles, with the exponential impedance profile often chosen for its relatively high transmission efficiency [1–4]. However, a quick and general approach to finding the optimum impedance profile is still lacking.

关键词： distributed parameter circuits Plasma accelerators Impedance matching Circuit simulation Power transmission Plasmas Impedance

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