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Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers 1928年第1期47卷 90-93页

作者： JOLLYMAN, J.P. Pacific Gas & Electric Co. San Francisco Calif. United States

This paper discusses the characteristics of equipment which have been found most suitable for use on 220-kv. systems or on extensive lower voltage systems. Consideration is given to general system design, governors of prime movers, generators, excitation systems, transformers, high-voltage oil circuit breakers, transmission line, and the equipment of substations. The result of four years' operation of a 220-kv. system have proven it to be as reliable as a 110-kv. system. The economies of 220-kv. transmission have been realized. © 1928, IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Transformers Voltage Current supplies Substations Relays Petroleum Circuit breakers Power transmission lines distributed parameter circuits Power generation

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SQUARE VAN ATTA REFLECTOR WITH CONDUCTING MOUNTING PLANE

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION 1970年第1期AP18卷 48-&页

作者： NIELSEN, ED Aboratory of Electromagnetic Theory Technical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby Denmark

A theoretical and numerical analysis of square Van Atta reflectors has been carried out with or without a conducting plate, used for mounting of the antenna elements. The Van Atta reflector investigated has antenna elements which are parallel half-wave dipoles interconnected in pairs by transmission lines of equal electrical length. The dipoles are placed in a plane which is parallel to the conducting plate when this is present. In the theory, each pair of antenna elements with the interconnecting transmission line is represented by an equivalent circuit. The mutual impedance between the antenna elements and the reradiation from the elements as well as from the conducting plate have been taken into account. The influence of the conducting plate on the induced dipole currents has been treated using the theory of images. The scattering cross section of Van Atta reflectors with or without a conducting plate has been examined numerically using an electronic computer, and some of the results have been compared with experimental results obtained by others.

关键词： Fires Dipole antennas Reflector antennas Antenna theory Transmission line antennas Integrated circuit interconnections Transmission line theory distributed parameter circuits Numerical analysis Equivalent circuits

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SYNTHESIS OF distributed ELLIPTIC-FUNCTION FILTERS FROM LUMPED-CONSTANT PROTOTYPES

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES 1966年第11期MT14卷 506-&页

作者： LEVY, R WHITELEY, I Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Leeds Yorkshire UK

A synthesis procedure for distributed elliptic-function filters utilizing published tables of lumped-constant elliptic-function filters has been devised. It is dependent upon the application of a new generalized transformation for distributed networks. The filters often require the realization of distributed Brune sections, and several novel practical realizations are given both for general and degenerate Brune (i.e., Foster) sections. Examples are given of elliptic function stop band and pass band filters having both wide and narrow bandwidths, and experimental results show good agreement with theory.

关键词： Prototypes Frequency Band pass filters Network synthesis Filtering theory distributed parameter circuits Microwave filters Circuit synthesis Bandwidth

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SPATIAL SAMPLING FOR FAST SINGLE EVENTS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE 1969年第1期NS16卷 107-&页

作者： STANCHI, L Euratom Joint Nuclear Research Center Ispra Varese Italy

A method for observing non-recurrent events having short rise-time has been developed. Signals are sent to a transmission line where 50 sampling gates are tapped. A control pulse triggered by the incoming signal opens simultaneously all the linear gates. Successive tapping points are placed at 200 ps "distance" and the opening time of the gates is a little less. The full event is observed for a period of 10 ns and reproduced with 50 points. At present only 18 points are tapped.

关键词： Sampling methods Oscilloscopes Printed circuits Power cables distributed parameter circuits Impedance Delay lines Bridge circuits Delay effects Transmission lines

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Economic Application of Tapless Distribution Transformers on a Major Utility System

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Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. Part III: Power Apparatus and Systems 1962年第3期81卷 341-350页

作者： Brown, C.G. General Electric Company Phoenix Ariz. United States Southern California Edison Company Los Angeles Calif. United States

Economic aspects of the successful application of tapless distribution transformers are developed for the Southern California Edison Company's 12-kv system. Procedures in converting from tapped transformers to tapless transformers and capacitors, changes in operating policies, analysis of voltage quality, and development of the approximate $4,900,000 10-year savings are included. Actual operating results from one large service area are presented and confirm the practicability of tapless distribution transformers thus making the predicted savings possible. Copyright 1963 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

关键词： Transformers Substations Capacitors Associate members Regulators Economic forecasting Electronic switching systems distributed parameter circuits Electrical equipment industry Industrial economics

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Microwave Bandstop Filters with Narrow Stop Bands

Microwave Bandstop Filters with Narrow Stop Bands

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PGMTT National Symposium

作者： L. Young G.L. Matthaei E.M.T. Jones Stanford Research Institute Menlo Park CA

In most microwave systems the signal frequency has to be transmitted and guided from one place to another with the minimum of attenuation, while guarding against unwanted frequencies by keeping them out with bandpass filters, which pass only the signal frequency. While the common types of bandpass filters do an adequate job for most applications, they suffer from some disadvantages in particular situations. It may, for instance, happen that some one interfering frequency is particularly strong and special measures have to be taken to suppress it; or that a limited number of frequencies are being generated in a frequency generator system, but these frequencies have to be kept apart and pure. In those cases, a bandpass filter, which discriminates against all frequencies outside the passband, will not be as efficient as one or more bands top filters which discriminate especially against the strongest unwanted frequencies,

关键词： Microwave filters Band pass filters Prototypes Bandwidth Attenuation Resonance distributed parameter circuits Low earth orbit satellites Frequency measurement Particle measurements

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Practical Aspects of System Stability

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Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers 1926年 45卷 41-50页

作者： Wilkins, Roy Assistant Engineer Division of Hydroelectric and Transmission Engineering Pacific Gas and Electric Company San Francisco Calif. United States

During the past few years there has been much discussion regarding the behavior of long transmission lines under transient conditions, such as flashovers, short circuits, arcs and grounds which would tend to make them unstable, but unfortunately this discussion has been largely theoretical due to the absence of any actual operating data upon which to base assumptions. It has only been recently that an opportunity has been afforded to make field tests on one of the two existing 220-kv. systems and the results of such a series of tests made on the system of the Pacific Gas and Electric Company are presented in the paper. This is the first instance where tests of this nature have been attempted and the lack of proper testing equipment proved a serious handicap. It was necessary to develop a special high-speed oscillograph wattmeter, a high-speed oscillograph filmholder and a pilot generator. Moreover the technique of testing was developed so that it was possible to secure oscillographic records 200 mi. apart by telephone signal. The tests established the following important facts: 1. System stability as a problem is inextricably entangled with operating economics, and cannot be handled solely as a problem in design, except for very simple cases. 2. For any adequate conclusions to be reached much more fundamental data are necessary. 3. Requisite equipment for obtaining such data is not now available. 4. Studies of models and artificial transmission lines are not adequate because too little is known about the relative importance of the several factors to allow intelligent duplication. 5. Proper relay equipment and action is vital. 6. Oil-switch operation is an important factor. 7. Only a certain part of the stored energy of a system is available in any given case of trouble. 8. Operating distribution of excitation current is one of the major problems. © 1926 by the AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL, ENGINEERS

关键词： System testing Circuit stability Transmission line theory distributed parameter circuits Power system transients Flashover Circuit testing Wattmeters Telephony

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POWER SYSTEM TRANSIENT CONTROL BY CAPACITOR SWITCHING

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER APPARATUS AND SYSTEMS 1969年第1期PA88卷 28-+页

作者： SMITH, OJM University of California Berkeley CA USA

Inserting and removing a series capacitor in a transmission line can remove the oscillatory transients due to a fault. The capacitor should be inserted in the remaining transmission lines when the fault is detected and removed by short circuiting when the time rate of change of power flow through the capacitor is zero or the rate of change of phase angle between line terminations is zero. The capacitor should be reinserted when the kinetic energy due to speed deviations equals the amount of kinetic energy that can be removed during the remaining swing to the target state independent of whether or not the line is restored to service.

关键词： Power system transients Power system control Control systems Power transmission lines distributed parameter circuits Circuit faults Kinetic energy Switched capacitor circuits Electrical fault detection Fault detection

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Equivalent Circuit of the Primitive Rotating Machine With Asymmetrical Stator and Rotor

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Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers 1947年第1期66卷 17-23页

作者： Kron, Gabriel General Electric Company Schenectady N. Y. United States

The equations and equivalent circuits of all standard types of rotating electric machinery operating under arbitrary conditions may be derived as special cases of a single generalized rotating machine, the so-called primitive machine. This paper derives the steady-state equivalent circuit of the primitive machine having unbalanced rotor as well as stator. That is, the load or transmission line connected to a salient-pole synchronous machine is assumed to be unbalanced (due to faults, short circuits, and so forth), or the load connected to the slip rings of an induction motor is assumed to be unbalanced. The single-phase alternator, instrument Selsyns, and also sudden short-circuit studies are cases that require an infinite series of time harmonics in the stator and rotor windings in addition to the fundamental. It is assumed that these time harmonics are due to space waves with fundamental pairs of poles rotating at different speeds. The effect of the harmonic space waves is not considered. A paper by A. W. Rankin¹ shows network analyzer studies made of the harmonic currents and torques of a single-phase alternator. COPYRIGHT 1947 BY THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS

关键词： Equivalent circuits Rotating machines Stators Rotors Alternators Equations Machinery Steady-state distributed parameter circuits Synchronous machines

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Tuned Power Lines

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Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers 1932年第1期51卷 51-54页

作者： SKILLING, H.H. Stanford University California United States

A new approach to an important problem in the field of electric power is offered by the author, who limits his discussion to the possibilities of tuned lines rather than their practical application. He presents the results of extensive research work, and on the basis of laboratory experiments points out that through the use of higher transmission frequencies, the efficiency of a given line might be increased as much as 500 per cent. © 1932. By A. I. E. E.

关键词： Frequency Power transmission lines Stability distributed parameter circuits Impedance Electronic switching systems Electrical engineering Power generation Equations Voltage

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