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A graphic method for the exact solution of transmission lines

Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers 1922年 41卷 785-793页

作者： Holladay, Collis H. Southern California Edison Company United States

There seems to be a popular superstition among engineers that the voltage and current relations at different points in a transmission line are peculiar and are not governed by Ohms law. This idea is not true. A transmission line is governed by Ohms law just as is any other alternating-current circuit containing resistance inductance and capacity. The only difference from an ordinary circuit is that in a transmission line we must make a correction for the effect of distributed constants. If we change the current flowing through a line by an amount I there will be a voltage change equal to I Z between the two ends of the line. The Z in this case, however, is corrected for the distributed constants of the line. The hyperbolic formula which are so widely coming into use, since Doctor Kennelly has given us tables of complex hyperbolic functions, are merely short methods of determining this Z as well as certain other constants which we must use. If we start with a certain voltage Eg at the generator;on open circuit, we will have a slightly higher voltage at the receiver, due to the line capacity drawing a leading current through the inductance. As we load the line with a lagging current this voltage rise is counteracted by the impedance drop. In a similar manner the generator current is equal to the vector sum of the charging current, and the load current which has been multiplied by a constant. It is possible to express these relations by a vector diagram. Drawing a voltage and current diagram on the same sheet and to suitable scales offers a very convenient method of calculation. From such a diagram it is possible to read directly power and power factor as well as condenser kv-a. necessary for voltage regulation. © 1922 by the AMERICAN INSTITUTE OE ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS.

关键词： Transmission lines Voltage Erbium Equations distributed parameter circuits Impedance Reactive power Power generation Inductance

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Excitation Problems in Hydroelectric Generators Supplying Long Transmission Lines

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Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers 1947年第1期66卷 1277-1284页

作者： Killgore, C.L. United States Bureau of Reclamation Denver Colo. United States

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On the Formal Theory of Nonuniform Transmission Lines

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IEEE Transactions on Circuit Theory 1971年第4期18卷 479-481页

作者： ClVALLERI, P.P. Istit. Elettrotecnico Nazionale Galileo Ferraris Torino Italy

Some results are given in the formal theory of nonuniform transmission lines whose constitutive parameters are bounded measurable functions of the geometric abscissa x and holomorphic functions of the complex variable... 详细信息

关键词： distributed parameter circuits Transmission line matrix methods Transmission line theory Transmission line measurements Impedance Admittance Mathematical model Length measurement Scattering Gold

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Power Limitations of Transmission Systems

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Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers 1924年 43卷 26-38页

作者： Evans, R.D. Sels, H.K. General Engineer Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co. United States Distribution Department Public Service Electric Co. of New Jersey United States

Review of the Subject—Several independent studies have been made recently to determine the economies of a large, uniform power system. The two studies of more general interest were those conducted by the Department of the Interior, under the direction of W. S. Murray, for the Superpower Zone, and by F. G. Baum for the United States. Both of these investigations are available in published form. During the progress of the Superpower Survey, one of the longest transmission lines proposed was that extending 350 miles from the Niagara Falls Development to New York City. Under emergency conditions on this line, the power limit for the maximum amount of power was approached by two twin-circuit tower lines with three circuits carrying the emergency load. The maximum power limit would have been exceeded if two single-circuit tower lines had been employed, even though the transmission voltages and the total copper cross-section were the same as with the two twin-circuit tower lines. Similarly, several long, high-voltage lines will be required in a nation-wide system, especially through the middle western region as shown by Mr. Baum's report. The tendency to extensive transmission systems has emphasized the necessity of considering the factors which will limit the amount of power that can be transmitted any distance with the highest practical transmission voltage. On account of the transmission line characteristics, the power limits will be greater when the system is regulated by synchronous apparatus than when no such apparatus is used so that two power limits will be considered in this paper;first, for an unregulated system;and second, for a regulated system. However, while we are primarily interested in high-voltage systems in this paper, it should be kept in mind that these same methods of calculation may be applied to lower voltages in determining the power limitations of station tie lines. It is commonly accepted that different types of networks have certain power limita

关键词： Power transmission lines Transmission line theory Electric resistance Voltage Poles and towers Furnaces distributed parameter circuits Impedance Power engineering and energy Manufacturing

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ANALYSIS OF TRANSMISSION LINE DIRECTIONAL COUPLERS

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTE OF RADIO ENGINEERS 1954年第10期42卷 1529-1538页

作者： FIRESTONE, WL Motorola Inc. Chicago IL USA

Five different types of transmission line systems are analyzed and are shown to possess directional properties at the lower radio frequencies. The conditions of mismatch on either transmission line or on both transmission lines have been taken into account, as well as lengths of coupling greater than a fractional wavelength. A new and more general scatter matrix for directional couplers which includes the condition of mismatch is developed. In addition, lumped circuit directional couplers have been developed as a consequence of the general transmission line theory.

关键词： Transmission lines Directional couplers Transmission line theory Power transmission lines Conductors Radio frequency Coupling circuits Dielectrics Transmission line matrix methods distributed parameter circuits

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HIGH POWER P-I-N DIODE CONTROLLED MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION PHASE SHIFTERS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES 1965年第2期MT13卷 233-&页

作者： WHITE, JF Microwave Associates Inc. Burlington MA USA

An iterative circuit, diode, transmission phase shifter is discussed, having a canonic form that consists, of a length of transmission line symmetrically loaded at its ends by small susceptances whose values are diode controllable. The spacing of the susceptances is chosen so that their reflections are nearly mutually canceling, (about a quarter wavelength if equal magnitude, opposite sign susceptances are used). A change of electrical length of the section of 23/spl deg/, in principle, is obtainable with a maximum input VSWR of 1.04. Eight section, experimental circuits yielded 180/spl deg/ total phase shift with less than one decibel of loss in the L and S bands and peak RF power capability to 15 kilowatts. Operation to 140 kilowatts peak power was achieved with reduced phase shift per section. The transmission phase shifter is believed to be well suited as a phase control element for beam steering of array antennas.

关键词： P-i-n diodes Phase shifters Phased arrays Power transmission lines distributed parameter circuits Optical reflection Radio frequency Phase control Beam steering Antenna arrays

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SPURIOUS MODES IN COAXIAL TRANSMISSION LINE FILTERS

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTE OF RADIO ENGINEERS 1950年第2期38卷 176-180页

作者： MODE, DE Lehigh University Bethlehem PA USA

Coaxial transmission line filters in which the shunt reactive elements are conducting rods inserted between the inner and outer conductors of the series coaxial transmission line may be analyzed by the use of well-known transmission line equations if only the TEM mode propagates. When other "spurious" modes are important, the problem is not so simple. Some equations are presented for the cutoff frequencies of such spurious modes, and supporting experimental data is included.

关键词： Coaxial components Transmission lines Band pass filters Transmission line theory Impedance Cutoff frequency Prototypes distributed parameter circuits Low pass filters Equations

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Some simple examples of transmission line surges

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Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers 1914年第1期33卷 545-569页

作者： Franklin, W.S.

The paper treats of the true wave phenomena which take place on a transmission line when switches are opened and closed or when a circuit breaker operates. These phenomena are practically the same in alternating- and direct-current systems for transmission lines up to say 150 or 200 mi. (240 or 320 km.) in length, and therefore the surges which are described in the paper are the surges which take place when a steady voltage is connected to the line or when the line is disconnected with a steady current flowing in it. The details of line surging which takes place under such conditions are most easily described in terms of what may be called the “ribbon wave„, and the first part of the paper is devoted to a discussion of the ribbon wave. Then a number of practical examples are described in detail. Copyright, 1914 by the AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS

关键词： Transmission lines Surges Voltage Differential equations distributed parameter circuits Physics Switching circuits Switches Circuit breakers Propagation losses

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TUNNEL-DIODE-PAIR UNIDIRECTIONAL PULSE REGENERATING circuits

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IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE circuits 1968年第4期SC 3卷 450-+页

作者： MIZUSHINA, S Dept. Elec. Engrg. Shizuoka University Hamamatsu Japan

A method of constructing unidirectional pulse regenerating circuits with a pair of two-terminal active devices, such as tunnel diodes, is described.

关键词： Pulse circuits Circuit noise Diodes Pulse transformers Admittance Impedance matching distributed parameter circuits Voltage Equations Australia

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LOCAL REFERENCE BEAM GENERATION IN HOLOGRAPHY

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS 1967年第10期55卷 1758-+页

作者： CAULFIELD, HJ HARRIS, JL HEMSTREE.HW COBB, JG Texas Instruments Incorporated Dallas Tex.

A new method of constructing laser holograms is discussed wherein the only light used is that received directly from the object. Reconstruction is accomplished in the usual way. Long-distance holography is an immediat... 详细信息

关键词： Holography Laser beams Varactors Image reconstruction Lenses Power transmission lines Transmission line theory distributed parameter circuits Frequency Tuned circuits

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